The effect of Saccharomyces strain and fermentation conditions on quality prameters of non-alcoholic beer

In this study, the effect of several species of fermenting yeast and fermentation conditions (periodic aeration and temperature) on quality parameters of non-alcoholic beer is assessed. Yeast starters with different inoculation percent were added separately into wort with determined gravity. Wort was fermented for 48 h in different temperatures under aerobic condition or periodic aeration (every 12 h). Growth rate, wort gravity and ethanol content were analyzed for 48 hours (12-h interval). Also, 6 trained panelists were asked for sensory evaluation of final product. The highest growth rate and the highest ethanol content were found in treatments with 4×107 cfu/ml inoculation fermented at 24˚C under periodic aeration and in those fermented under anaerobic conditions, respectively. The highest gravity was observed for treatments with 107 cfu/ml inoculation, periodic aeration and fermentation at 4˚C. The lowest growth rate and ethanol content were observed in treatments with 107 cfu/ml, fermented at 4˚C under anaerobic condition and those fermented under periodic aeration, respectively. In treatments with 4×107 cfu/ml inoculation, anaerobic condition and fermentation at 4˚C, the lowest gravity was observed. In addition, among yeasts, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces rouxii showed the highest and the lowest growth rate, ethanol content and wort gravity, respectively. Additionally, treatments containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in non-alcoholic beer with more satisfactory flavor attributes

Physicochemical and rheo-mechanical properties of titanium dioxide reinforced sage seed gum nanohybrid hydrogel

Sage seed gum (SSG) is a promising biopolymer candidate for utilization and substitution prevalent galactomannan gels of interest in soft biomaterial applications. Herein, physicochemical and rheo-mechanical properties of SSG matrix reinforced by various titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles loading (0-25wt%) were monitored. Particle size and density of the nanocomposite increased with raising TiO2 content, due to the creation of more compact agglomerated and aggregated microstructure. Increasing the particle size resulted in lower electrophoretic mobility of SSG-TiO2 systems upon nanoparticles addition, confirmed the adsorption of TiO2 on the SSG macromolecule. Mechanical spectra of the SSG-based nanocomposites demonstrated a more solid-like behavior by lower frequency-dependent viscoelastic moduli, suggested a structural decoration of the nanohybrid gels discussed in terms of polymer bridging effect and formation of percolated matrix-particle superstructure. Crucial textural parameters improved with increasing TiO2 until a critical level (15 wt%), after which further increments in filler resulted in a reduction of hardness, adhesiveness and apparent modulus of elasticity. Deformation of rod-like junction zones acting as physical crosslinks in the system and fracture theory were used to explain the strain-stiffening and adhesive behavior of SSG-based gels, respectively. The nanocomposite gels with tunable functional properties might be ideal candidates for biomaterial industry. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Novel nanobiocomposite hydrogels based on sage seed gum-Laponite: Physico-chemical and rheological characterization

In this study, the physico-chemical and rheo-mechanical properties of sage seed gum hydrogel, reinforced by various ratios (0-25 wt.%) of Laponite, were investigated. Particles size measurements indicated the formation of large SSG-Laponite microstructures upon nanoparticle adding, due to the interactions generated between the anionic SSG and the charged surfaces of clay platelets. Laponite affected the surface tension and density of the SSG-based systems significantly, but only influenced the-potential above 20 wt.%. The dynamic rheological behavior of SSG-based nanocomposites reflected the reinforcing effect of secondary structures and percolated three-dimensional network, suggested a structural modification of the hydrogels with the Laponite loading. An improvement in texture profile analysis parameters was observed in Laponite content 5 wt.%, whereas for nanoparticles > 5 wt.%, a significant decrease was obtained. In conclusion, Laponite improved the rheological and physico-chemical properties of SSG-based hydrogel and extended its potential as promising future bio-products for industrial applications.Peer reviewe

effects of build orientation on fatigue behavior of ti 6al 4v as built specimens produced by direct metal laser sintering

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An analysis of underlying factors for implementing privatization in Iranian sport

The purpose of this research was to analyze the underlying factors of privatization implementation in Iran's sport, which was developed by developmental approach. Statistical population of this research was consisted of all managers and experts involved in sports privatization in the country. Regarding that this is a qualitative research, a total of 20 people were selected using the snowball purposeful sampling technique as a statistical sample. The data collection tool was interview. Interviews continued until the theoretical saturation stage was fulfilled. The data obtained from interviews were analyzed in three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The results of the research identified 41 concepts and 5 categories including factors related to financial market, management factors, media factors, cultural factors and legal factors that provide the platform for implementation of privatization in the sport of the country. According to the results of this research, privatization in Iran's sport has been affected by various conditions, it is suggested that sport authorities are encouraged to provide a condition in which people can be trained in order to gain specialty to enter in various areas such as advertising private sector and proper culture creation in press and TV and paying attention to philosophy of sport and culture creation among the people

Investigating the Status of Good Urban Governance Indicators and Their Impact on Urban Regeneration (Case Study: The Worn Texture of Semnan City)

AbstractBackground: As one of the main sources of development, the city has a very important and decisive role. Therefore, urban management plays an important role in the development of this factor. In this context, good urban governance by using the capacity of existing institutions and creating institutional platforms to facilitate decision-making is effective in recreating the worn-out urban texture.Objective: In this research, the objective is to investigate the status of good urban governance indicators and their impact on the regeneration of the worn-out texture of Semnan City.Research Method: In this study, the descriptive-analytical research method was based on collecting data through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed and its reliability was also verified with a Cronbach coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is made up of 92,203 residents in the worn-out texture of Semnan. The sample size (380 people) was determined by Cochran's formula.Findings: The result of the one-sample t-test showed that the variables of good urban governance are significant at a level of less than 0.05 and have an average status in the worn-out texture of Semnan city. Also, the result of the test confirmed that the best situation was related to the central justice index with an average rating of 4.24. The result of the one-sample t-test showed that the healing state of the texture was weak. In addition, the regression result of the 63.2 percent effectiveness of good governance in promoting urban regeneration indicates that two indicators of transparency and justice have the greatest impact on regeneration with beta values of 0.324 and 0.311, respectively. Overall, good urban governance as a model of urban management can be effective in recreating the worn-out texture.Keywords: Good Governance, Regeneration, Worn Texture, Urban Development, Semnan City. IntroductionGood urban governance and urban regeneration are two important concepts that are not important on their own but are related to each other. Good urban governance helps by creating transparency and citizens' participation in the urban decision-making process, improving urban management, and creating equal opportunities for urban development. Meanwhile, urban regeneration aims to improve the conditions of urban space in order to improve the quality of life of citizens, and increase the competitiveness and attractiveness of cities as economic, cultural, and tourism centers. Urban regeneration can be a result of good urban governance because in the process of urban regeneration, with the transparency and participation of citizens, urban needs and problems are identified and solutions are provided to solve these problems. Therefore, good urban governance and urban regeneration are interdependent, and efforts to improve both lead to improving the quality of life of citizens and sustainable development of cities.The city of Semnan is one of the important cities in which the discussion of urban regeneration is important because a significant part of the geographical area of this city is its worn-out and historical context. Due to the fact that its historical context as a part of Qoms state has been on the main highways of the country for a long time due to its location on the Silk Road, it can be considered one of the valuable and historical cities in Iran that nearly 450 hectares of its area has turned into a worn-out structure. The existence of various physical, economic, social, and environmental problems, including issues related to access, public spaces, infrastructure, networks, employment, poverty, environmental issues, social damages, etc. in the texture of this city shows the importance of its regeneration. In this research, an attempt has been made to first study the status of good governance indicators and regeneration in this area of Semnan City, and then to analyze and explain the influence of governance indicators on the regeneration of the worn-out texture. Materials and MethodsThe descriptive-analytical research method, in this study, was based on collecting data through the field. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The structural and content validity of the questionnaire was verified and its reliability was also confirmed with a Cronbach coefficient greater than 0.70. The statistical population of the research is made up of 92,203 residents in the worn-out texture of Semnan. The sample size (380 people) was determined by Cochran's formula. Research FindingsThe result of the test showed that all variables of good urban governance (22 variables) were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Based on the reported averages, the best situation was related to the variable of educating citizens and increasing public awareness with an average of 3.831. Moreover, the level of criticism and responsiveness of managers to citizens with a value of 3.636, the right to access services with an average of 3.615, and the free circulation of urban information and facilitating access to them with a value of 3.602 are in the next ranks. In addition, the lowest average is related to the two variables of managers’ efforts in providing services at a lower cost and with higher quality and more satisfaction with a value of 3.242 and the compilation and publication of city rules and regulations to inform and guide citizens with a value of 3.315.The result of the Friedman test to measure the significance of the difference and prioritization of the validity indicators shows that the indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. Examining the rank average of the Friedman test shows that the highest average rank was related to the central justice index with a value of 4.24, which shows the biggest difference among the 7 governance indices. Also, the transparency index with an average of 4.18 and the participation index with an average of 4.12 are in the second and third ranks.Examining the status of regeneration indicators in the worn-out texture of Semnan City with the T-Tech test showed that except for the index of access network and roads with a significant level of 0.086, other urban regeneration indicators were significant at a level less than 0.05 and equal to 0.000. According to the reported averages, the best situation was related to belongingness with an average of 3.531, social cohesion with an average of 3.421, and social relations with an average of 3.376, which had an average higher than the average of the test (3). Examining the average of other urban regeneration indicators shows that there is no favorable situation. Among these indicators, participation and attention to the role of people, professional education and skills, job opportunities, distribution of wealth, attracting capital, preventing single-use construction, urban equipment and infrastructure, water-saving measures, and optimal management of energy consumption can be mentioned.In addition, the regression result confirmed that there is a significant relationship between good governance and regeneration, and governance indicators can contribute more than 63.2% to improving urban regeneration and promoting it. In this context, the two indicators of transparency and justice have the most influence on the regeneration of the worn-out texture with beta values of 0.324 and 0.311, respectively. In sum, good urban governance as a model of urban management can be effective in recreating worn texture. Discussion of Results and ConclusionsThe result of this research showed that the variables and indicators of good governance are in average condition. The best situation is related to the variable of educating citizens and increasing public awareness, criticism and accountability of managers to citizens, the right to access services, as well as the free circulation of urban information and facilitating access to them. Examining the results at the level of governance indicators also confirms that the central justice index and then transparency have the best status among the governance indicators in the worn-out texture of Semnan City.The result showed that the state of regeneration of the worn-out texture of Semnan city is not acceptable because the examination of various indicators in terms of economic, social, physical, and environmental regeneration shows that, except for a few cases, in terms of regeneration of this tissue, there is no visible performance from the citizens’ point of view and there are various problems and issues.There is a significant relationship between the indices of governance and regeneration of the worn-out texture in such a way that governance indicators can help promote texture regeneration. The result showed that, in this context, the most influential factor(s) among governance indicators in urban regeneration is/are related to the two key indicators of transparency and justice. In fact, these two indicators can provide the necessary background for the development and regeneration of the worn-out texture. According to the mentioned results, it is suggested that to improve the transparency index and its effect in the regeneration of the worn-out texture, access to information should be provided for everyone in urban management. It is also suggested that development plans and programs at the neighborhood level should be emphasized with the participation of citizens in the decision-making process