The correlation between Hepatitis E seropositiveness and intravenous drug using in the drug users who referred to the drug treatment centers in Ahvaz, 2005-2006

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: هپاتیت ویروسی E (HEV) در ایران اندمیک بوده و مواردی از نوع برق آسا (Fulminant) با مرگ و میر بالا در بیماران مزمن کبدی و زنان حامله گزارش شده است. HEVعمدتاً از طریق مدفوعی- دهانی منتقل می گردد. ولی اخیراً مواردی از راه انتقال خونی آن نیز گزارش شده است. این مطالعه با هدف تعیین ارتباط بین شیوع سرمی HEV و اعتیاد تزریقی انجام شده است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه توصیفی- تحلیلی در کانون بازپروری شهر اهواز بین سالهای 1385-1384 انجام گرفت. از 114 نفر معتاد تزریقی و 114 نفر معتاد استنشاقی پس از معاینه فیزیکی کامل و پر کردن پرسشنامه حاوی اطلاعات فردی و متغیرهای مربوط به مطالعه، خونگیری انجام شد. نمونه ها جهت وجود آنتی بادی ضد HEV با روش الیزا مورد آزمایش قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصله با استفاده از آزمون های tو کای دو و نسبت شانس (OR) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سنی در دو گروه تزریقی و استنشاقی به ترتیب 04/8±24/33 و 59/7±2/31 سال بود (05/0P>). میانگین مدت اعتیاد در گروه تزریقی و استنشاقی به ترتیب 92/6±58/11 و 42/6±95/9 سال بود (05/0P>). فراوانی نسبی مثبت بودن آنتی بادی ضد HEV در گروه تزریقی 8/22 و در گروه استنشاقی 9/7 بود (01/0P، 15/1OR=). نتیجه گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که HEVاحتمالاً از طریق خون منتقل می شود. لذا غربالگری خون های اهدا شده از نظر شیوع سرمی هپاتیت E می تواند از بروز اپیدمی این هپاتیت در دریافت کنندگان خون جلوگیری کند

The effects of customer relationship management dimensions on organizational performance (Case study: shipping organization of Iran)

Abstract: Nowadays organizations, for the lack of comprehensive knowledge about the effects of customer's relationship management on the performance, have been failed to expand consistent strategies and the raise of their assets through these relationships. It is obvious about trade expansion in the country and entering into the world market, the relationship management is among the vital needs. Considering the importance of the issue, the present study investigated the effects of customer relationship management on the organizational performance of shipping organization. This was an applicable research in terms of its purpose, and a correlational-survey research in terms of its methodology. The required data were gathered through a questionnaire designed by the re searcher. It contained 40 questions, the validity of which was confirmed with the consideration of experts and supervisor of the study. The reliability, based on Cronbach index, was equal to 0.81. The questionnaire contained questions of personal profile, major and technical questions for studying the stated hypothesis. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software and at two levels of qualitative (frequency, average, standard deviation) and at inferential level (regre ssion and Freeman nonparametric test). According to the obtained results from regression test, all of the hypotheses of the study were confirmed except the fifteenth hypothesis (the customer relationship management base technology has significant effects on the internal processes performance). The results of the studyshowed that except the mentioned hypothesis, the other dimension of customer relationship management (the organization of customer relationship management, knowledge management, customer orientation, customer relationship management) had significant effects on the organizational performances (financial, customer, internal processes, training and growth). The re sults of Freeman test showed that the studied variables had significant levels of under 0.05. So the ranking of their averages were not equal and the variable of training and expansion had the highest average level. The variable of customer relationship management base on technology had the lowest average in comparison with other variables

3D Numerical Investigation of Ground Settlements Induced by Construction of Istanbul Twin Metro Tunnels with Special Focus on Tunnel Spacing

One of the most important considerations of tunneling in urban areas is controlling the amount of surface settlement that occurs during construction stages. The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of spacing of Istanbul Twin Metro Tunnels on the surface settlement excavated by NATM method in YENIKAPI-UNKAPANI metro line. For this purpose, the focus has been placed on the effect of longitudinal and transversal spacing between tunnels supported by an umbrella arch protecting method. (FLAC3D) was implemented to simulate the excavation sequence. According to the analysis, the amount of settlement by numerical approach was about 23.5 mm which was in good agreement with the field monitoring results that was 26.5 mm. Moreover, the interaction between twin tunnels by the increase in spacing between twin tunnels in the direction perpendicular to tunnel axis decreases and becomes less effective at the location about 3 times of the tunnel diameter. Similarly, the interaction between twin tunnels in the direction parallel to tunnel axis decreases as the spacing increases. In other words, by increasing the distance between tunnel faces in longitudinal direction at a distance about 3 times of the tunnel diameter, there is still interaction between tunnels and it doesn’t disappear completely. Therefore, it is recommended to keep this distance at about more than 2.5 times of tunnel diameter so that settlement can stay within acceptable range

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Agricultural Residues using Indigenous Laccase producing Fungi (Albifimbria viridis) as Herbicides

Background and Objective: Discarded as wastes, parts of the agricultural products can be used for feed productivity as well as management of animal feed production. Production of various products is possible using appropriate processing. The objective of the present study was to use laccase of Albifimbria viridis in degradation of agricultural residues and to produce compounds with herbicide properties. Material and Methods: The fungi were isolated from agricultural soils. The isolates were identified using morphological detection and PCR amplification of the internal transcribed spacer. Supernatants were collected from semi-solid cultures and laccase activity was assessed using 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) substrate. This was carried out using n-hexane and degradation of the agricultural residues was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results and Conclusion: Growth of the fungal isolate in culture media with tannic acid was studied using scanning electron microscopy. In total, the isolate produced 50 U ml-1 laccase. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed production of oxime, methoxy-phenyl and 2-cyclopenten-1-one for tannic acids, o-guaiacol, tetradecane, hexadecane, octadecane, octadecanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and benzene, 1,3-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) for sorghum seeds and 2-acetyl-5-methylfuran, phenol, 2-methoxy and benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy for wheat straw during fungal growth (0.73 mg ml-1). Results have shown that the laccase enzyme produced from Albifimbria viridis native strain is capable of hydrolytic cleavage of chemical pollutants from agricultural wastes for herbicide bioremediation. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest

The Comparative Effects of Cooperative and Competitive Learning on Speaking Ability and Self-Confidence of EFL Learners (Research Article)

This study aimed at investigating the comparative effects of cooperative and competitive learning on English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ speaking ability and self-confidence. Moreover, EFL learners’ attitude towards cooperative and competitive learning procedures were explored. To these ends 90 learners were selected on the basis of a sample PET results and were assigned into three 30-learner cooperative, competitive and control groups. The speaking section of a sample PET test and Academic Confidence Scale were administered to the three groups before the treatment. As the treatment, the first experimental group members were engaged in cooperative learning, the second experimental group members were engaged in competitive learning, and the control group received regular teacher-fronted instruction. At the end of the treatment, the speaking section of another sample PET and Academic Confidence Scale were re-administered as the posttests.10 EFL learners were randomly selected from each experimental group and seated for a semi-structured interview. The analyses revealed that while both cooperative and competitive learning procedures had significant within-group effects on the learners' speaking ability, the impact on academic self-confidence was significant only for cooperative learning procedure. Moreover, analyses verified that the impact of cooperative learning on speaking ability and self-confidence of EFL learners was statistically superior to the other procedures. Content analysis of the interview data showed that the majority of EFL learners believed that cooperative learning helps them develop their own ideas in greater depth, enhance their participation and creativity in speaking, improve self-confidence and reduce anxiety

Depth Averaged Two-Dimensional Numerical Modeling of Unsteady Flow in Open Channel Bends

Source: ICHE Conference Archive - https://mdi-de.baw.de/icheArchiv