Tecnologia assistiva e suas relações com a qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência

Introdução: A tecnologia assistiva apresenta produtos, recursos, métodos, estratégias, práticas e serviços que promovem a funcionalidade de pessoas com deficiência, visando sua autonomia, independência, qualidade de vida e inclusão social. Seu desenvolvimento e disponibilização podem ser considerados uma tentativa de neutralizar as barreiras causadas pela deficiência. Objetivo: Compreender e apontar as relações existentes entre tecnologia assistiva e qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência. Método: Utilizou-se a história de vida tópica. Foram entrevistadas três pessoas com deficiência física/motora, três com deficiência visual, e três com deficiência auditiva. Identificou-se individualmente a relação entre tecnologia assistiva e qualidade de vida, e os traços em comum nas respostas considerando o “grupo” da deficiência. Resultado: As aplicações da tecnologia assistiva englobam atividades da vida diária, atividades instrumentais de vida diária, educação, trabalho e lazer, que implicam diferentes relações com a qualidade de vida. Conclusão: A tecnologia assistiva está relacionada à qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência ao facilitar e possibilitar a realização das atividades, promovendo autonomia e independência, gerando efeitos positivos individuais e sociais.Introduction: Assistive technology offers products, resources, methods, strategies, practices and services that promote functionality, autonomy, independence, quality of life and social inclusion for people with disabilities. Its development and deployment can be considered an attempt to neutralize the barriers caused by disability. Objective: To understand and point out the relationship between assistive technology and quality of life of people with disabilities. Method: We used the topical life story. Three subjects with physical/motor disability, three with visual impairment and three with hearing impairment were interviewed. The relationship between assistive technology and quality of life was investigated individually for each subject, in addition to the common patterns in responses considering the “group” of disability. Result: Applications of assistive technologie include activities of daily living, instrumental activities of daily living, education, work and leisure, playing different relationships with quality of life. Conclusion: Assistive technologie is related to the quality of life of people with disabilities facilitating and making possible the activities performances, promoting autonomy and independence, creating individual and social positive effects

Effects of combined resistance and power training on cognitive function in older women: a randomized controlled trial

The present study compared the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) and combined power training (PT) and TRT (PTRT) on cognitive parameters and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. Forty-five older women were randomized into one of three experimental groups: TRT, PTRT, and control group (CG). Cognitive tests explored global cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance. Serum BDNF levels were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Exercise sessions were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. In TRT, exercise sessions were based on three sets of 8–10 repetitions at “difficult” intensity. In PTRT, the first session was based on PT (three sets of 8−10 repetitions at “moderate” intensity), while the second session was similar to the TRT. Our analyses indicated that overall cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance were similarly improved after TRT and PTRT. Serum BDNF concentrations were not altered by any training protocol. In conclusion, the two RT programs tested in the present trial improved global cognitive function, short-term memory and dual task performance in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. In addition, our findings suggest that mechanisms other than BDNF may be associated with such improvements

Curso de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade Federal de Sergipe: trajetória, construções e desafios/Occupational Therapy course at the Federal University of Sergipe: trajectory, achievements and challenges

Registrar, entrelaçar e descrever a trajetória e o processo formativo desenvolvido em um curso recente de Terapia Ocupacional proporciona o registro histórico de um percurso e conhecimento dos caminhos e desafios para o avanço da institucionalização acadêmica da área. O objetivo deste editorial é apresentar a trajetória, as construções, os tensionamentos e os desafios do curso de Terapia Ocupacional na Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Brasil. Para isso, descrevemos uma breve contextualização e organização deste curso a partir de documentos institucionais, seguindo com a apresentação de algumas construções coletivas e tensionamentos vivenciados no percurso de quase uma década de existência. Por fim, são destacados alguns desafios sobre a implantação e manutenção do curso enfrentados pelos diferentes sujeitos protagonistas dessa trajetória: usuários dos serviços, estudantes, terapeutas ocupacionais e docentes da área do estado de Sergipe, Brasil.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Formação Profissional em Saúde. Ensino Superior.Abstract The historical record of a trajectory and knowledge of the ways and challenges for the advancement of the academic institutionalization of Occupational Therapy area is fomented in this editorial by registering, interlacing and describing the trajectory and the formative process developed in a recent Occupational Therapy course. The purpose of this article was to present the trajectory, achievements, tensions and challenges of the Occupational Therapy course at the Federal University of Sergipe, Brazil. For this, we introduced a brief contextualization and organization of this course based on institutional documents, followed by the presentation of several collective constructions and tensions experienced in the course of almost a decade of existence. Finally, some challenges are highlighted regarding the implementation and maintenance of the course faced by different subjects who are protagonists of this trajectory: service users, undergraduate students, occupational therapists and professors in the area of the state of Sergipe, Brazil.Keywords: Aging, Perception, Teachers, Students, Cross-Sectional Studies.Resumen Registrar, entrelazar y describir la trayectoria y proceso formativo desarrollado en un curso reciente de Terapia Ocupacional brinda el registro histórico de una ruta y conocimiento de los caminos y desafíos para el avance de la institucionalización académica del área. El propósito de este editorial es presentar la trayectoria, construcciones, tensiones y desafíos del curso de Terapia Ocupacional en la Universidad Federal de Sergipe, Brasil. Para ello, describimos una breve contextualización y organización de este curso a partir de documentos institucionales, seguido de la presentación de algunas construcciones colectivas y tensiones vividas en el transcurso de casi una década de existencia. Finalmente, se destacan algunos desafíos en cuanto a la implementación y mantenimiento del curso que enfrentan los diferentes sujetos protagonistas de esta trayectoria: usuarios del servicio, estudiantes, terapeutas ocupacionales y docentes en el área del estado de Sergipe, Brasil.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Capacitación de Recursos Humanos en Salud. Educación Superior

基本チェックリスト・ポルトガル語訳版の作成とブラジル人高齢者におけるその検証

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(人間健康科学)甲第18201号人健博第18号新制||人健||2(附属図書館)31059京都大学大学院医学研究科人間健康科学系専攻(主査)教授 二木 淑子, 教授 坪山 直生, 教授 桂 敏樹学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Human Health SciencesKyoto UniversityDFA

Comparison of frailty between users and nonusers of a day care center using the Kihon Checklist in Brazil

[Background/purpose]Day care centers are rapidly expanding in Brazil to meet the needs of the increasing older population. However, health profiles of their clients remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate and compare the health conditions of users and nonusers of a day care center using a new frailty index, the Kihon Checklist. [Methods]This was a cross-sectional observational study. We recruited 59 users (mean age 81.1 ± 6.69 years) and 173 nonusers (mean age 69.9 ± 7.39 years). The nonusers were recruited at a recreational club and municipal health units, and the users were recruited at a day care center for the elderly in Brazil. Measurements consisted of questionnaires regarding sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and the Kihon Checklist. [Results]Compared with the nonusers, users had a higher prevalence of frailty (p < 0.001) and impairment of all specific domains (instrumental activities of daily living impairment, p < 0.001; physical inactivity, p < 0.001; seclusion, p < 0.001; cognitive deficit, p < 0.001; and depression, p < 0.001). The users were also more likely to be frail [odds ratio (OR), 14.226; 95% confidence interval (CI), 5.423–37.320; p < 0.001], dependence in instrumental activities of daily living (OR, 78.845; 95% CI, 19.569–317.674; p < 0.001), physically inactive (OR, 3.509; 95% CI, 1.467–8.394; p = 0.005), cognitively impaired (OR, 5.887; 95% CI, 2.360–14.686; p < 0.001), and depressed (OR, 5.175; 95% CI, 2.322–11.531; p < 0.001) than the nonusers. [Conclusion]The users of the day care center were frailer than nonusers, especially with regard to independence in instrumental activities of daily living, physical strength, cognitive function, and mood. Health care workers should use the Kihon Checklist to verify frequently the condition of elderly patients to prevent worsening of frailty

Urban-rural differences in physical performance and health status among older Japanese community-dwelling women

[Background/Purpose]Assessment of physical performance allows the identification of health and functional independence among older adults. Several factors, such as environmental conditions, influence the results; therefore our objective was to compare the physical performance and the health status between older Japanese women living in urban and rural communities. [Methods]The Japanese women were aged ≥65 years, and recruited in urban (n = 41, age = 73.8 ± 3.92 years) and rural (n = 54, age = 73.8 ± 4.15 years) locations through the local press. Physical performance was assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG), one leg stand (OLS), repeated chair stands (CS) and handgrip strength (HGS) tests. Health status was investigated using socio-demographic characteristics; anthropometric measures and body composition; physical activity, a pedometer, Life-Space Assessment (LSA); Geriatric Depression Scale; incidence of falls, fear of falling; and medical information. Variables were compared by χ2 test, Independent-Samples t test and Mann Whitney U-test. [Results]Rural individuals presented a better performance in the HGS test (p = 0.01) than urban individuals, who had a better performance in the CS test (p < 0.001). No statistical differences were found in the TUG or OLS tests. Rural women also had a higher body mass index (p = 0.04), waist circumference (p < 0.01), and body fat percentage (p = 0.014) than urban women, who showed higher scores in LSA (p < 0.001). Concerning medical information, more rural women complained of low back pain (p = 0.01) and gastrointestinal problems (p = 0.02). [Conclusion]Our findings showed that the physical performance and health status varied according to the place. Rural individuals had worse results in the CS test, but a better performance in the HGS test than urban individuals. We emphasize that health interventions should address the specific demand of each location

Systematic Review Of The Kihon Checklist: Is It A Reliable Assessment Of Frailty?

To investigate whether the Kihon Checklist (KCL) can predict frailty and disability. Methods: The studies analyzed for the present review were retrieved by searching electronic databases and other sources using the keywords "Kihon Checklist" and "Basic Checklist." The articles were restricted to those written in English and published in health sciences journals from the year 2006 until the end of April 2015. To be included in the full analysis, the study had to be primary research and use the KCL as a dependent or independent variable. Results: A total of 62 articles were identified in the initial search, and after screening, 13 articles were included in this review. The KCL was found to be closely correlated with validated assessments of frailty phenotypes. The complete version of the KCL and specific domains have been used as research outcomes to verify frailty in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. KCL domains were applied to evaluate different outcomes, such as depressive mood, functional disability and instrumental activities of daily living limitations. Conclusions: The KCL is a reliable tool for predicting general frailty and frailty aspects in older adults. The KCL was shown to be adequate for cross-cultural studies and to be suitable for addressing frailty demands among elderly in multiple cohorts. The KCL is a short questionnaire, which makes its administration by health promoters easy; thus, it has been used to evaluate the effectiveness of frailty interventions. We strongly recommend use of the KCL in community and clinical practice to assess frailty status.16889390