Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their isolated constituents against cariogenic bacteria: a systematic review

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORDental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide.Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide20473297358FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL E NÍVEL SUPERIOR2008/55492-7; 2011/14757-0; 2011/15984-0; 2013/25080-7308644/2011-523038005263/2012-9

Processo De Produção De Polióis, Principalmente Eritritol, Por Via Fermentativa Aeróbica De Sacarose Por Trichosporon Pullulans

Processo de produção de Polióis, principalmente eritritol, por via fermentativa aeróbica de sacarose por Trichosporon pullulans utilizado para proporcionar a produção de polióis, especialmente eritritol, pela transformação microbiana com Trichosporon pullulans, isolada de mel de abelhas do gênero Apis mellifera, em meio fermentativo líquido com sacarose corno fonte de carbono e sob agitação rotativa e aeração.BR0205154 (A)C12N1/16C12P7/16C12P7/16C12N1/16BR20020205154C12N1/16C12P7/16C12P7/16C12N1/1

Concomitant Use of Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitor and Streptokinase after Unsuccessful Rescue Angioplasty

A 38-year-old man with acute myocardial infarction in the lower wall affecting the right ventricle underwent thrombolytic treatment with streptokinase. Approximately 2 hours after the thrombolytic treatment started, he presented with signs of coronary reocclusion. He underwent emergency cineangiocoronariography that revealed that his right coronary artery was completely occluded by a clot. He unsuccessfully underwent angioplasty and stent implantation. After the concomitant use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor, coronary TIMI III flow was achieved without additional dilations, and he was discharged from the hospital 5 days later with no further complications.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Chemical composition of Baccharis dracunculifolia, the botanical source of propolis from the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, Brazil

Propolis is a resinous hive product COLLected by honeybees from plant sources. The composition of the propolis depends upon the season, vegetation, and the area of COLLection. Phytochemical analyses of propolis produced from Baccharis dracunculifolia (alecrim-do-campo) in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais by africanized - were done by RP-HPTLC, RP-HPLC and GC-MS, and the absorption spectra was measured by UV-visible spectrophotometry. A distinctive characteristic of propolis and B. dracunculifolia was that both had a high proportion of the phenolic compounds artepillin C and others dihydrocinnamic acid derivatives. Based on phytochemical evidence, B. dracunculifolia was found to be the main source of propolis produced in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais.A própolis é uma substância resinosa coletada pelas abelhas de diversas partes das plantas. Sua composição depende da época, vegetação e local de coleta. Análises fitoquímicas de própolis produzidas de Baccharis dracunculioflia (alecrim-do-campo) por abelhas Apis mellifera africanizada nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais foram feitas por espectrofotometria na região U.V.-Visível, CCDAE-FR, CLAE-FR e CG-EM. Uma característica dos compostos fenólicos das própolis analisadas e da espécie vegetal de B. dracunculiofolia foi a alta proporção de artepilin C e outros derivados do ácido cinâmico. Com base nas evidências fitoquímicas, B. dracunculifolia foi identificada como a principal fonte vegetal das própolis produzidas nos estados de São Paulo e Minas Gerais.909915Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

TRANSFORMAÇÕES ENZIMÁTICAS DE FLAVONÓIDES

A literature review about microbial and enzyme transformation of flavonoids was accomplished. Enzyme reactions, as well as, the action of microbial cells on flavonoids were discussed in seven distinct topics. The effects of these transformations were discussed for some reactions. The scientific literature has described that many microorganisms and enzymes possess the ability to metabolize plant flavonoids. Modified structures of flavonoids have been identified after microbial cultures or specific enzymatic reactions. Such alterations in their chemical structures, may produce flavonoids with higher biological activities (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral and antimicrobial).Efetuou-se revisão da literatura sobre as transformações microbianas ou enzimáticas de flavonóides. Reações enzimáticas, bem como a ação de suspensões microbianas sobre flavonóides foram abordadas em sete tópicos. Os efeitos dessas transformações também foram discutidos para algumas reações. A literatura científica mostra que muitos microrganismos e enzimas apresentam a habilidade de metabolizar flavonóides amplamente distribuídos em vegetais. Estruturas modificadas dos flavonóides têm sido identificadas após culturas microbianas ou reações enzimáticas específicas. Tais alterações nas suas estruturas químicas podem produzir flavonóides com maior atividade biológica (antioxidante, antinflamatória, antitumoral e antimicrobiana)

Apolar bioactive fraction of melipona scutellaris geopropolis on streptococcus mutans biofilm

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOThe aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the bioactive nonpolar fraction of geopropolis on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The ethanolic extract of Melipona scutellaris geopropolis was subjected to a liquid-liquid partition, thus obtaining the bioactive hexane fraction (HF) possessing antimicrobial activity. The effects of HF on S. mutans UA159 biofilms generated on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs were analyzed by inhibition of formation, killing assay, and glycolytic pH-drop assays. Furthermore, biofilms treated with vehicle control and HF were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HF at 250  μ g/mL and 400  μ g/mL caused 38% and 53% reduction in the biomass of biofilm, respectively, when compared to vehicle control (P 0.05). In conclusion, the bioactive HF of geopropolis was promising to control the S. mutans biofilm formation, without affecting the microbial population but interfering with its structure by reducing the biochemical content of biofilm matrix.The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the bioactive nonpolar fraction of geopropolis on Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The ethanolic extract of Melipona scutellaris geopropolis was subjected to a liquid-liquid partition, thus obtaining the bioactive hexane fraction (HF) possessing antimicrobial activity. The effects of HF on S. mutans UA159 biofilms generated on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs were analyzed by inhibition of formation, killing assay, and glycolytic pH-drop assays. Furthermore, biofilms treated with vehicle control and HF were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). HF at 250 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL caused 38% and 53% reduction in the biomass of biofilm, respectively, when compared to vehicle control (P  0.05). In conclusion, the bioactive HF of geopropolis was promising to control the S. mutans biofilm formation, without affecting the microbial population but interfering with its structure by reducing the biochemical content of biofilm matrix2013FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2009/12354-6; 2010/20214-7; 2013/10879-

Atividade antioxidante dos óleos essenciais produzidos por Baccharis dracunculifolia d.c. e Baccharis uncinella d.c. (asteraceae)

Espécies reativas de oxigênio potencialmente danosas são produzidas continuamente nas células como conseqüência tanto do metabolismo aeróbico normal quanto por fatores externos. Estudos com o gênero Baccharis relatam propriedades antioxidantes de extratos e óleos essenciais produzidos por espécies desse gênero. Buscando avaliar a atividade antioxidante de óleos essenciais produzidos por B. uncinella e B. dracunculifolia é que este trabalho foi desenvolvido. A metodologia utilizada para avaliar a atividade antioxidante foi a descrita por Pratt; Watts (1964); Hammerschimidt; Pratt (1978) e Pratt; Birac (1979) que consiste na avaliação por meio de reações de oxidação acoplada do β-caroteno e do ácido linoléico. Os resultados mostraram que os dois óleos avaliados podem inibir a formação de espécies reativas de oxigênio em até 65,66% para B. dracunculifolia e 52,18% para B. uncinella quando na presença de 50 μL de ambos os óleos. Esses resultados foram diminuindo proporcionalmente aos volumes dos óleos. Com esses resultados podemos afi rmar que os óleos essenciais produzidos por essas duas espécies de Baccharis possuem atividade antioxidante

Ação dos óleos essenciais produzidos por Baccharis dracunculifolia d.c. e Baccharis uncinella d.c. (asteraceae) sobre a atividade hialuronidase

A hialuronidase é uma enzima que tem a capacidade de hidrolisar o ácido hialurônico que se localiza no interstício celular. Esse ácido tem a propriedade de manter as células aderidas. Por ação da hialuronidase, esse polímero é transformado em pequenos fragmentos, diminuindo sua viscosidade, facilitando a difusão dos componentes antigênicos para o interior das células. Estudos com o gênero Baccharis relatam propriedades capazes de inibir a ação da hialuronidase por extratos e óleos essenciais produzidos por espécies desse gênero. Buscando avaliar a atividade antiinfl amatória de óleos essenciais produzidos por B. uncinella e B. dracunculifolia é que este trabalho foi desenvolvido. A inibição da atividade de hialuronidase foi determinada conforme metodologia descrita por Reissing; Strominger e Leloir, (1955), Aronson e Davidson (1967) e Kuppusamy; Khoo e Das (1990). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a atividade enzimática foi inibida 77,86%na presença de 50μL do óleo de B. dracunculifolia e de 74,40% para o óleo de B. uncinella. Com esses resultados podemos verificar a capacidade dos dois óleos em neutralizar a ação da hialuronidase celular, comprovando assim, que os dois óleos estudados possuem atividade antiinfl amatória

Phenolic composition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of brazilian red propolis

Propolis is a resinous hive product collected by honeybees from various plant sources. It has a complex chemical composition, constituted by various phenolic compounds. Extracts of increasing polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol) were obtained from a sample of red propolis from the state of Alagoas. Assays were carried out for determination of contents of phenolics, along with antibacterial and antioxidant activities. The EEP, fractions and sub-fractions showed strong biological activities and were related with phenolic the content compounds contents. The sub-fractions were more bioactive than the EEP and fractions, demonstrating that the antioxidant and antibacterial activities are not a result of synergistic effect between the various chemical compounds in propolis.FAPES

Gamma Radiation Induced Oxidation and Tocopherols Decrease in In-Shell, Peeled and Blanched Peanuts

In-shell, peeled and blanched peanut samples were characterized in relation to proximate composition and fatty acid profile. No difference was found in relation to its proximate composition. The three major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In order to investigate irradiation and storage effects, peanut samples were submitted to doses of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 kGy, stored for six months at room temperature and monitored every three months. Peanuts responded differently to irradiation, particularly with regards to tocopherol contents, primary and secondary oxidation products and oil stability index. Induction periods and tocopherol contents were negatively correlated with irradiation doses and decreased moderately during storage. α-Tocopherol was the most gamma radiation sensitive and peeled samples were the most affected. A positive correlation was found among tocopherol contents and the induction period of the oils extracted from irradiated samples. Gamma radiation and storage time increased oxidation compounds production. If gamma radiation is considered an alternative for industrial scale peanut conservation, in-shell samples are the best feedstock. For the best of our knowledge this is the first article with such results; this way it may be helpful as basis for future studies on gamma radiation of in-shell crops