15 research outputs found

    Pengaruh Theosofi Dan Freemason Di Indonesia (Kajian Analitis Simbol-simbol Theosofi Dan Freemason Dalam Lirik Lagu Dan Sampul Kaset Album Grup Musik Dewa 19)

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    The lyrics and album cover of Dewa 19 wave of criticism with many symbols or emblemsthat allegedly represent the ancient mystical beliefs and visually turns almost identicalto the symbols on the Thesofi anf Freemason. It lead to the possibility of meaning similarity.Four main points discussed in this study is about the meaning of the lyrics of the album\u27ssongs of Dewa 19 band, regarding the visual appearance and meaning of symbols in the coverof the album of Dewa 19, reviewing the structure of the relationship between the lyrics and thesymbols in the album of Dewa 19 with Theosofi and Freemason, as well as explain the impactof visualization and dissemination of these symbols in a album of Dewa 19 cassette. Dewa 19has consistently display the lyrics of songs and symbols of Theosofi and Freemasonry teachingsstarted from his first album. Symbols are cleverly laid out in various ways and can onlybe seen with certain ways. The pattern of symbols has a characteristic appearance as well asits own theme. The structure of relations that are drawn in this study relates to the profile ofAhmad Dhani, Theosofi and Freemason teachings, text and lyrics, as well as a visual displayof Theosofi and Freemasons symbols in Dewa 19 album. Display representations of symbolscontained in the album cover of Dewa 19 concluded have relevance in form and meaning tothe symbols of the teachings or understood Occult, Paganism, Kaballah and Theosofi, as wellas movements such as secret Zionist, Illuminati and Freemasonry

    Technique for Immobilization of Lipase Within Membrane Pores as Nanoreactor

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    The objective of this study was to design of nanoscale biocatalyst system by utilizing the membrane as nanoporous media. The nanostructure was modified by two step methods: simple adsorption and continue with pressure driven filtration. Two types of polymeric membranes Mixed Cellulose Ester (MCE) and Polyethersulfone (PES) were used asmatrices for immobilization of lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens. The lipase solution was allowed to permeate through the membrane and lipase molecule adsorbed on the inner wall of pores. The porosity and membrane matrices influenced the enzyme loading. The best result for enzyme loading inmembrane matric is 3.75 g.m-2 using PES membrane with incubation time of 18 hours. PES membrane was selected for further continuous transesterification studies. We evaluated the transesterification activity by converting triolein and methanol to methyl oleate and glycerol. The reaction was carried out in situ within the pores of membrane matric, so that its pores act kind of nanoreactor during formation of product material. The degree of triolein conversion using this kind of nanoreactor was about 80% with 30 minutes of residence time. The productivity of immobilized lipase within the pores were 40 fold higher than that of native free lipase

    Kitin sebagai Penopang untuk Amobilisasi Lipase pada Proses Trans-esterifikasi Trigliserida

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    When enzymes used in biotechnological processes, they are often immobilized onto insoluble support materials. The advantage of immobilization is not only the fact that enzyme is reusable but it is also capable of stabilizing enzymes. Due to the existence of the interfacial activation lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) represent versatile group of enzymes with various biocatalytic activities which include triacylglycerols hydrolysis, esterification, trans-esterification, alcoholysis and acidolysis to yield a wide range of useful biological and chemical derivatives. Commercially available lipase has been examined using the trans-esterification reaction of triglycerides onto support chitosan with continuous process. A 97.2% conversion was obtained for the immobilized lipase at 400C after continuous running for 24 hours and stable up to 3 days. Keywords: lipase, immobilisasi, transesterifikasi, kiti

    Analyzing the biosynthetic potential of antimicrobial-producing actinobacteria originating from Indonesia

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    We investigated the biosynthetic potential of soil-associated actinobacteria originating from Indonesia, identified as Streptomyces luridus and as Streptomyces luteosporeus. Antimicrobial assays indicated inhibitory activity by both strains against the pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with S. luteosporeus particularly inhibiting the growth of Bacillus subtilis. PCR-amplification, cloning, and sequencing of ketosynthase (KS) domains of type I modular polyketide (PKS-I) and adenylation (AD) domains of non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) indicated the diversity of KS and AD domains derived from both Indonesian Streptomyces. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that KS domains from the subclass cis-AT PKS can be classified as being a part of a loading module or an extension module, along with their predicted substrate specificity. The results suggest that both strains are a potential source of novel biosynthetic pathways. This genetic analysis approach can be used as a fast guide to obtain insight into natural product biosynthetic gene diversity in microorganisms

    TEKNIK AMOBILISASI LIPASE DIDALAM PORI-PORI MEMBRAN POLIMER SEBAGAI NANOREAKTOR

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    TEKNIK AMOBILISASI LIPASE DIDALAM PORI-PORI MEMBRAN POLIMER SEBAGAI NANOREAKTOR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang sistem nanoreaktor dengan memanfaatkan membran sebagai media nanopori. Struktur nano tersebut dikembangkan dengan metode dua tahap: adsorpsi sederhana dan dilanjutkan dengan filtrasi bertekanan. Dua tipe membran polimer yaitu Mixed Cellulose Ester(MCE) dan Polyethersulfone (PES) digunakan sebagai matriks untuk amobilisasi lipase dari Pseudomonas fluorescens. Larutan lipase mengalir melalui membran dan molekul lipase teradsorpsi pada dinding pori. Porositas dan matriks membran berpengaruh terhadap nilai enzyme loading. Penggunaan membran PES dengan waktu inkubasi 18 jam menghasilkan nilai enzyme loading paling besar yaitu 3,75 g/m2. Selanjutnya membran PES dipilih untuk studi transesterifikasi kontinyu. Dievaluasi aktifitas transesterifikasi dengan mengkonversi triolein dan metanol menjadi metil oleat dan gliserol. Reaksi dilakukan secara in situ di dalam pori-pori membran yang berperan sebagai reaktor. Nilai derajat konversi triolein dengan menggunakan nanoreaktor ini sekitar 80 % dengan waktu tinggal 30 menit. Produktifitas lipase amobil di dalam pori 40 kali lipat lebih tinggi dibandingkan lipase free

    Metagenomic Survey of Potential Symbiotic Bacteria and Polyketide Synthase Genes in an Indonesian Marine Sponge

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    There has been emerging evidence that the bacteria associated with marine sponges are the key producers of many complex bioactive compounds. The as-yet uncultured candidate bacterial genus “Candidatus Entotheonella” of the marine sponge Theonella swinhoei from Japan have recently been recognized as the source of numerous pharmacologically relevant polyketides and modified peptides, as previously reported by the Piel group (Wilson et al. 2014). This work reported the presence of “Candidatus Entotheonella sp.” in the highly complex microbiome of an Indonesian marine sponge from Kapoposang Island, SouthSulawesi. We further identified the Kapoposang sponge specimen used in this work as Rhabdastrella sp. based on the integrated morphological, histological, and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene analyses. To detect the polyketide biosynthetic machinery called type I polyketide synthase (PKS) in this Indonesian Rhabdastrella sp., we amplified and cloned the ketosynthase-encoding DNA regions of approximately 700 bp from the uncultured sponge's microbiome. Further sequencing and analysis of several randomly chosen clones indicated that all of them are mostly likely involved in the biosynthesis of methyl-branched fatty acids. However, employing a PKS-targeting primer designed in this work led to the isolation of four positive clones. BlastX search and subsequent phylogenetic analysis showed that one of the positive clones, designed as RGK32, displayed high homology with ketosynthase domains of many type I PKS systems and may belong to the subclass cis-AT PKS group

    Optimasi dan Identifikasi Fitokimia Serta Uji Efek Hipoglikemik Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus Nutans) dan Ekstrak Ciplukan (Physalis Angulata L.) secara In Vitro

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    Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglicemic. Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) and Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) are plants which recognized as blood glucose controller. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of the combination of the two extracts in decreasing blood sugar levels in vitro. The leaves of dandang gendis and ciplukan were extracted with various solvents (hot water, cold water, 96% ethanol, 75% ethanol, 50% ethanol and 30% ethanol were used as solvents), then tested the quality of the simplicia and extract, then the phytochemical test of each extract, after that the hypoglycemic activity of each extract was tested, made several variations of the dose, then tested the antidiabetic activity of the combination extract, calculated percent protection and percent effectiveness of single extract and a combination of leaf extract of dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) and ciplukan (Physalis angulata L).The results showed that inhibition of the α-amylase enzyme by extracts of Dandang Gendis, Ciplukan and their combinations included the combination of EE96% 10 mg (1:1) of 1.25 ppm; Combination of EE96% 10mg (1:2) of 6.340 ppm; Combination of EE96% 10mg (2:1) of 5.808 ppm; The combination of EE96% 10mg (2:2) was 7.115 ppm and the IC50 acarbose value was 4.23 ppm. Dandang Gendis extract, Ciplukan and their combination had α-amylase inhibitory activity which was not significantly different between the extract and the control Acarbose. Inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity could be influenced by metabolites and total phenolic extracts of Gendis, Ciplukan and their combinations
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