Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Krokot Herb (Portulaca oleracea L.) against Skin Infection Pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), a traditional herb, is rich in various secondary metabolites like flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins, known for their antibacterial properties. This study evaluates the antibacterial efficacy of ethanol extract of purslane against skin-infecting bacteria. Using the Agar diffusion method, the study tested the extract's activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes. The results indicate significant antibacterial activity, with the highest inhibition observed at a 32% concentration, producing inhibition zones of 10.29 mm, 9.05 mm, and 8.59 mm against S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. acnes, respectively. These findings suggest that purslane extract could be an effective antibacterial agent for treating skin infections. This study contributes to the understanding of the potential applications of purslane in medical treatments, emphasizing the need for further investigation into its bioactive compounds

PENGARUH EKSTRAK DAUN BIDARA DAN DAUN GINSENG JAWA TERHADAP GAMBARAN MAKROSKOPIK GINJAL JANTUNG DAN HATI TIKUS HIPERTENSI

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a condition characterized by a sustained increase in blood pressure, exceeding the normal value of ≥140/90 mmHg. Hypertension therapy aims to lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure to restore normal levels and minimize the risk of complications. The use of herbal plants such as bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) and Javanese ginseng (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.) holds potential as an alternative in the management of hypertension. Medicinal plants and plant-derived compounds can exhibit various toxicological effects, including renal, cardiac, and hepatic toxicity. This study aims to investigate the effects of Bidara leaf extract and Java ginseng leaf extract on the macroscopic appearance of the kidneys, heart, and liver of prednisone-induced hypertensive rats. The study used 20 rats divided into five groups: negative control (Na-CMC 1%), positive control (Captopril 25 mg), and three groups receiving combined doses of bidara leaf and Javanese ginseng leaf ethanol extracts (EEBG 50+50 mg/kgBW, EEBG 100+100 mg/kgBW, EEBG 200+200 mg/kgBW). The results showed that the combination extract of Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) and Ginseng leaves (Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Geartn.) at doses of 50+50, 100+100, and 200+200 mg/kgBW did not cause any macroscopic changes. Macroscopic observations showed that the kidneys, hearts, and livers of mice administered EEBG maintained a reddish-brown color with a firm consistency and smooth surfac

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK FERMENTAT ISOLAT FUNGI ENDOFIT KODE IFAZ-6 DARI AKAR BIDARA (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans

Endophytic fungi are microorganisms that reside within plant tissues and are known to produce secondary metabolites with antibacterial potential. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the fermented extract of the endophytic fungal isolate IFAZ-6, derived from the roots of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. (bidara), against Streptococcus mutans. The isolate was fermented for 21 days and extracted using ethyl acetate. The extract was tested for antibacterial activity using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 25.6%, Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) from 3.2% to 25.6%, and agar diffusion assay at concentrations of 8%, 12%, and 16%. Inhibition zone diameters were analyzed statistically using the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Mann–Whitney post hoc test to assess differences between concentration groups. The results showed an MIC value of 3.2% and an MBC of 6.4%. The agar diffusion assay revealed a maximum inhibition zone diameter of 9.86 mm at 16% concentration, with statistically significant differences between concentrations (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that the fermented extract of IFAZ-6 possesses antibacterial activity against S. mutans, although its efficacy remains lower than that of the positive control, chloramphenico

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Pinang Seed (Areca catechu L.) Against the Growth of Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur Fungi Using the Agar Diffusion Method

Pinang seeds (Areca catechu L.) are known for their various benefits, including antimicrobial properties. This study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract from pinang seed against the growth of Candida albicans and Malassezia furfur fungi using the agar diffusion method. The research involved extracting the pinang seed using maceration with 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation using a rotary vacuum evaporator to obtain a concentrated extract. Antimicrobial activity was tested across concentrations of 32%, 16%, 8%, 4%, 2%, 1%, 0.5%, and 0.1%. The results showed that at a concentration of 32%, the ethanol extract produced the largest inhibition zones: 27.78 mm against Candida albicans and 15.51 mm against Malassezia furfur, both categorized as very strong activity. These findings suggest that ethanol extract of pinang seed has significant potential as an antimicrobial agent, particularly against fungal pathogens

Antibacterial Activity Test of Ceremai Leaf Ethanol Extract (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) Against Bacteria Causing Skin Infections by KLT-Bioautography and Agar Diffusion

Ceremai leaves (Phyllanthus acidus) are known for their medicinal properties, including the treatment of infectious diseases. This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from Ceremai leaves against skin infection-causing bacteria using Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography (TLC-Bioautography) and agar diffusion methods. The study began with an antibacterial screening test, followed by TLC-Bioautography, and then determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) at various concentrations (0.125% to 16%). The agar diffusion method was used to further assess antibacterial activity. Screening results showed antibacterial activity at a concentration of 1%. TLC-Bioautography with a chloroform: methanol: water (20:2:0.5) eluent revealed active spots with Rf values of 0.8, 0.54, 0.36, and 0.29. The MIC values were 0.25% for P. acnes and S. aureus, and 0.5% for P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. The MBC values were 0.5% for P. acnes and S. aureus, and 1% for P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis. The largest inhibition zone in the agar diffusion test was observed at a 32% concentration against S. aureus, measuring 20.11 mm. These findings suggest that Ceremai leaf extract has significant antibacterial potential and could be considered for developing alternative treatments for skin infections

Antioxidant Activity of Bioproduced Endophytic Fusarium Sp. HSFP-3 from Sijangkang Plant (Hornstedtia scyphifera Var. fusiformis)

Endophytic mold Fusarium sp. HSFP-3 is one of the endophytic molds isolated from Sijangkang plants (Hornstedtia scyphyfera var. fusiformis). The purpose of this study is to conduct bioproduction, and test the antioxidant activity of bioproduced extracts and identify active fractions that have antioxidant activity. The research method started from the cultivation of endophytic mold HSFP-3 on PDB media for 21 days, the bioproduction results were extracted using ethyl acetate and acetone solvents. Antioxidant activity of HSFP-3 extract was determined by IC50 and AAI values, using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Isolation of antioxidant active fraction was carried out by column chromatography method using sephadex LH-20 stationary phase and silica. Isolation of antioxidant active compounds of HSFP-3 extract using bioautography guided assay approach with TLC-DPPH Bioautography method. The antioxidant test results of HSFP-3 extract has moderate activity with IC50 value 74,64 and AAI 0,844. Fraction 2.4 is an active fraction that has spot compounds with higher yellow color intensity compared to other fractions. Spot with Rf 0.35 in fraction 2.4 has a dark zone under UV 254 light. has a sea blue color under UV 366 light and a dark purple color after with Vanillin-Sulfate reagen

EFEK ANTI INFLAMASI IN VITRO EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KARET KEBO (Ficus elastica) DENGAN METODE STABILISASI MEMBRAN Red Blood Cell (RBCs)

The rubber kebo plant (Ficus elastica) is traditionally known to have various benefits, including as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extract of rubber kebo leaves using the red blood cell (RBCs) membrane stabilisation method in vitro. Kebo rubber leaves were extracted by a maceration method using 96% ethanol, and anti-inflammatory activity was tested by measuring the stability of RBCs membrane against hypotonic solution-induced haemolysis. The results showed that ethanol extract of rubber kebo leaves had anti-inflammatory activity with a percentage of membrane stabilisation of 31.156% at a concentration of 40 ppm and reached 51.998% at a concentration of 200 ppm. This activity is caused by the content of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and tannins that work by stabilising the red blood cell membrane. Compared to the positive control of diclofenate sodium, the extract showed competitive effectiveness, albeit lowe