Towards the simulation of the whole manufacturing chain processes with FORGE®

International audienceFollowing the metal composition and the microstructure evolution during the whole manufacturing chain is becoming a key point in the metal forming industry to better understand the processes and reach the increasing quality requirements for the parts. Thus, providing a simulation tool able to model the whole chain becomes critical. Physical phenomena occurring during the processes are nowadays better understood, providing always more relevant models for numerical simulation. However, important numerical challenges still exist in order to be able to run those simulations with the required accuracy. This article shows how FORGE® tackles those issues in order to provide highly accurate microstructure and surface treatments simulation features applied on real industrial processes

Full field modeling of recrystallization and grain growth thanks to a level set approach: towards modeling by industry

International audienceMetal forming modeling can be predictive only if the strain rate, strain and temperature dependency of the flow behaviour are correctly described. The mechanical properties and behaviour of metallic materials mainly depends on the content and structure of dislocation network, this points out the need to incorporate microstructure concepts into the numerical models. The goal is to correctly describe the main physical mechanisms occurring in metals during thermomechanical processes i.e. work-hardening, recovery, grain boundary migration, nucleation and grain growth related to dynamic, static or metadynamic recrystallization. Macroscopic and homogenized models are widely used in the industry, mainly due to their low computational cost. If this mean field framework is quite convenient, it can be synonymous, for a given material, with a large amount of experiments with advanced laboratory devices. Moreover, the homogenization of the microstructure does not permit to capture some very local phenomena

Experimental study and phase field modelling of alpha formation in near beta titanium alloys

L'étude réalisée porte sur la formation des microstructures par changement de phases dans l'alliage de titane [bêta]-métastable Ti-5553. Les transformations de phase ont été caractérisées au refroidissement depuis le domaine monophasé [bêta] et au cours de revenus après mise en solution dans le domaine [bêta] (ou [alpha]+[bêta]) et trempe. L'influence des paramètres du traitement thermique (vitesses de refroidissement et de chauffage, températures de transformation) sur les cinétiques de changements de phase, sur les séquences de précipitation et sur les mécanismes de transformation a été abordée par suivi des variations de résistivité électrique, par DRX in situ sous rayonnement synchrotron et par microscopies (optique et électronique). L'évolution des paramètres de maille des phases et de la largeur à mi-hauteur des pics de la phase [bêta] a permis de mettre en évidence les variations de composition chimique et les changements d?état de contrainte engendrés lors des transformations. Les conditions de formation des phases métastables ([alpha]", w) aux températures inférieures à 500°C ont été caractérisées comme leur influence sur les microstructures finales et en conséquence sur les propriétés mécaniques. Pour mieux appréhender la précipitation intragranulaire de la phase [alpha], deux modèles (Eshelby et champ de phase) ont été développés afin de prédire les évolutions morphologiques des précipités. Ces modèles prennent en compte un comportement élastique anisotrope et hétérogène pour les deux phases. Nous avons montré que l'énergie élastique générée lors de la transformation [bêta] -> [alpha] pilote en grande partie la forme et l'orientation des précipités ainsi que leur arrangement spatial. Les résultats du calcul sont proches des observations microstructuralesThe present study is mainly about microstructures formation during phase changes in the near beta titanium alloy Ti-5553. Phase transformations were characterized on cooling from the beta phase field and on ageing after solutionizing in the beta (or alpha + beta) phase field and quenching. The influence of heat treatment parameters (cooling and heating rates, transformation temperatures) on phase transformation kinetics, precipitation sequences and transformation mechanisms was analysed using electrical resistivity measurements, in situ high energy X-Ray diffraction and microscopy (optical and electron). Cell parameters evolution of each phase and full width at half maximum variations of beta phase peaks have allowed to highlight the changes of the chemical composition and the stress state during phase transformation. Formation of metastable phases (alpha?, w) at temperatures lower than 500°C were characterized as well as their influence on final microstructures and therefore on mechanical properties. For better understanding the intragranular precipitation of the alpha phase, two models (Eshelby and phase field) were developed in order to predict morphological evolutions of the precipitates. These models take into account the anisotropic and heterogeneous behaviour for both phases. We have shown that the elastic strain energy generated by beta -> alpha phase transformation drives to a large extent the precipitate shape and orientation as well as their spatial arrangement. Calculation results are close to microstructural observation

Étude expérimentale et modélisation par champ de phase de la formation de [alpha] dans les alliages de titane [bêta]-métastable

The present study is mainly about microstructures formation during phase changes in the near beta titanium alloy Ti-5553. Phase transformations were characterized on cooling from the beta phase field and on ageing after solutionizing in the beta (or alpha + beta) phase field and quenching. The influence of heat treatment parameters (cooling and heating rates, transformation temperatures) on phase transformation kinetics, precipitation sequences and transformation mechanisms was analysed using electrical resistivity measurements, in situ high energy X-Ray diffraction and microscopy (optical and electron). Cell parameters evolution of each phase and full width at half maximum variations of beta phase peaks have allowed to highlight the changes of the chemical composition and the stress state during phase transformation. Formation of metastable phases (alpha?, w) at temperatures lower than 500°C were characterized as well as their influence on final microstructures and therefore on mechanical properties. For better understanding the intragranular precipitation of the alpha phase, two models (Eshelby and phase field) were developed in order to predict morphological evolutions of the precipitates. These models take into account the anisotropic and heterogeneous behaviour for both phases. We have shown that the elastic strain energy generated by beta -> alpha phase transformation drives to a large extent the precipitate shape and orientation as well as their spatial arrangement. Calculation results are close to microstructural observationsL'étude réalisée porte sur la formation des microstructures par changement de phases dans l'alliage de titane [bêta]-métastable Ti-5553. Les transformations de phase ont été caractérisées au refroidissement depuis le domaine monophasé [bêta] et au cours de revenus après mise en solution dans le domaine [bêta] (ou [alpha]+[bêta]) et trempe. L'influence des paramètres du traitement thermique (vitesses de refroidissement et de chauffage, températures de transformation) sur les cinétiques de changements de phase, sur les séquences de précipitation et sur les mécanismes de transformation a été abordée par suivi des variations de résistivité électrique, par DRX in situ sous rayonnement synchrotron et par microscopies (optique et électronique). L'évolution des paramètres de maille des phases et de la largeur à mi-hauteur des pics de la phase [bêta] a permis de mettre en évidence les variations de composition chimique et les changements d?état de contrainte engendrés lors des transformations. Les conditions de formation des phases métastables ([alpha]", w) aux températures inférieures à 500°C ont été caractérisées comme leur influence sur les microstructures finales et en conséquence sur les propriétés mécaniques. Pour mieux appréhender la précipitation intragranulaire de la phase [alpha], deux modèles (Eshelby et champ de phase) ont été développés afin de prédire les évolutions morphologiques des précipités. Ces modèles prennent en compte un comportement élastique anisotrope et hétérogène pour les deux phases. Nous avons montré que l'énergie élastique générée lors de la transformation [bêta] -> [alpha] pilote en grande partie la forme et l'orientation des précipités ainsi que leur arrangement spatial. Les résultats du calcul sont proches des observations microstructurale

Recent advances in the full field modeling of recrystallization and grain growth using the level set approach

International audienc

New finite element developments for the full field modeling of microstructural evolutions using the level set method

International audienc

Microstructural evolution prediction during forming processes: towards a modelling by industry

National audienc

Advances in level set modeling of recrystallization at the mesoscopic scale – development of the digi-µ software

International audienc

Prediction of grain size evolution during thermal and treatments at the mesoscopic scale: numerical improvements and industrial examples.

International audienceRecently, an original full field model working at the mesoscopic scale using the level set (LS) method in a finite element (FE) framework has been introduced. This approach has demonstrated its potential for the simulation of grain growth and recrystallization problems. Through the development of the DIGIMU® software, this methodology is now considered for industrial applications. The paper presents the recent developments made on the LS approach and some examples of large scale simulations in two and three dimensions considering thermal treatments applied on materials. Grain boundaries motion considering the presence or not of second phase particles (like precipitates) are investigate