PENGARUH PEMBERIAN ANGKAK TERHADAP KENAIKAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT TIKUS JANTAN

Abstract: The research has purpose to get information about the effect of water-boiled red yeast rice for raising the platelet levels so that it can be used as a supplement for patients of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The research was pure experimental with direct sampling design. The research used Wistar male rats, age 2-3 months, and weight + 150-250 grams. Rats randomly divided into five treatment groups. First group (negative control) given CMC Na 1% 0.72 g/KgBW for 7 days followed by 2.5 mL of distilled water for 5 days. Second group (positive control) given chloramphenicol 0.72 g/KgBW for 7 days followed by distilled water for 5 days. Fourth-fifth group (treatment) given chloramphenicol dose 0.72 g/KgBW for 7 days followed by water-boiled red yeast rice dose 2; 1; and 0.5 g/KgBW orally for 5 days. Blood sampling taken on day 0 and day 12, blood taken from the sinus orbitalis eyes for measuring levels of platelet count. Platelet concentration data that got were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk test to see the distribution of data. If data are normally distributed then continue the analysis with paired-samples t test analysis, if data is not normal distributed then followed by Wilcoxon test analysis to know the difference levels of platelets experiment by treatment and duration of the test. The results of this research showed that water-boiled red yeast rice has effect to increase platelet levels in male rats induced by chloramphenicol at a dose of 2; 1; and 0.5 g/KgBW and gived platelet levels increasing effect at rate of 18.78, 14.02, and 5.45%. Keywords : red yeast rice, platelets, chloramphenico

THE CORRELATION OF TRANEXAMIC ACID USED AS ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC THERAPY TO GLASGOW COMA SCALE FOR THE FIRST 7 DAYS IN HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE PATIENTS

Objective: Treatment of haemorrhagic stroke using tranexamic acid is still used in some hospitals, to prevent the occurrence of the complication called rebleeding. Rebleeding is an important cause of bad outcomes that result loss of consciousness and even death. The administration of the antifibrinolytic tranexamic acid in patients with haemorrhagic stroke can reduce the occurrence of rebleeding but it also can increase poor outcome caused by cerebral ischemia that can worsen the patient's condition.Methods: This study used observational study design, cohort, prospective, and multicenter. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of tranexamic acid in patients with haemorrhagic stroke. Statistical testing is done by analyzing the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score on day 1st, day 3rd, and day 7th between the treatment groups haemorrhagic stroke patients who received tranexamic acid therapy as antifibrinolytic therapy in Bethesda Hospital for 23 patients compared with a control group of patients haemorrhagic stroke who did not receive therapy as tranexamic acid antifibrinolytic therapy in the Dr. Sardjito Hospital for 23 patients.Results: The statistical analysis of the independent t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the average GCS score of day 1st (P=262), day 3rd (P=0.293), and day 7th (P=0.648) between treatment group and control group. The statistical analysis of the Mann-Whitney showed that there was not significant difference comparing the difference between the pre and post GCS score at treatment group and control group (P=0.158).Conclusion: Administration of tranexamic acid in patients with haemorrhagic stroke (treatment group) gives the same clinical response compared to the patients who did not receive tranexamic acid therapy (control group) based on assessment of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.Â

ASSOCIATION OF LIPID PROFILES WITH 10-YEAR ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK: STUDY AMONG SUBJECTS IN SLEMAN DISTRICT OF YOGYAKARTA INDONESIA

  Objectives: The subjects in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta had medium Framingham risk score (FRS) in the preceding year study. The 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk was a newer risk estimator than FRS. This study aimed to associate the lipid profiles with the ASCVD risk.Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design and the subjects were selected with cluster random sampling. The association of lipid profiles and ASCVD risk was analyzed with Mann–Whitney/Kruskal–Wallis tests and Spearman's rho correlation, whereas the categorical scores within sub-groups were analyzed Chi-square statistics, respectively.Results: The eligible subjects (n=221) had the age at 51.7±8.1 years, systolic/diastolic blood pressure 136.8±22.4/85.0±12.4 mmHg, total-cholesterol (total-C), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride at 202.0±34.9 mg/dl, 52.6±12.5 mg/dl, 126.3±30.0 mg/dl, and 135.9±95.4 mg/dl, respectively; with hypertension treatment 16.7%, smoking 52.9%, diabetes 10.4%, and the median ASCVD risk at 4.4 (0.2-41.4). The ASCVD risk has significant association with non-lipid profiles, total-C, lipid ratio of triglyceride/HDL-C, total-C/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C, to a lesser extent, HDL-C, LDL-C, and triglyceride.Conclusion: The 10-year ASCVD risk of the subjects was categorized as low and had a significant association with total-C and lipid ratio of triglyceride/ HDL-C, total-C/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C

The association between knowledge and cardiovascular risk in high school students in Bali Indonesia

Cardiovascular disease is one of the health problems that cause significant health, economic, and social burdens. Generally, cardiovascular disease starts to appear clinically at the age of 40 years and over. Currently, diabetes can appear early because of an unhealthy lifestyle since childhood. Senior high school students, the nation's next generation, are essential assets for the country. The school-age intervention is expected to increase student awareness for anticipating cardiovascular disease. This study focused on evaluating the relationship between the level of knowledge related to cardiovascular disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease in high school students. This study is an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study to measure the level of knowledge and cardiovascular risk are a closed-ended questionnaire, digital sphygmomanometer, scale, height meter, body measuring tape, and blood glucose self-test device. The total study population was 207 students from two senior high schools in Bali. Almost one-third of the subjects have high blood pressure. Nearly a quarter of the subjects are overweight-obese and have waist circumference above normal. The result showed no significant difference relationship between the level of knowledge and cardiovascular risk (P >0.05). Therefore, further education is needed to instil healthy behaviors to control cardiovascular risk factors as early as possible. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the level of knowledge on cardiovascular risk in two senior high schools in Bali

THE EFFECT OF HEALTH INSURANCE ON ASTHMA CONTROL IN RESPONDENTS WITH ASTHMA IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Asthma is a chronic disease with recurrent breath shortness. Until now, there is no particular therapy to cure the disease and long-term treatment is needed to control the disease. Health insurance has the benefit to support the asthma therapy. This study aimed to assess the effect of health insurance on the asthma control based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) score. The study was done with a cross-sectional design on respondents with asthma who agreed to sign informed consent forms in Yogyakarta. The asthma respondents (n=36) were selected non-randomly, consisting of 23 respondents with health insurance, including universal health coverage or UHC (n=15), UHC and private insurance (n=7), and private insurance only (n=1). The ratio and categorical data were analyzed with the independent T-test or Mann-Whitney test and chi-square statistics, respectively. The study demonstrated that the profiles and number of medicines were similar between groups, except for lower smoking proportion among health insurance groups; the respondents with and without health insurance had the median ACT score at 22 (partial control) and 15 (bad control) respectively, though the scores were not statistically different. Conclusion: the asthma respondents with and without health insurance were not statistically different in the asthma control

Distribution and clinical characteristic of malaria patients in Weoe Public Health Center, Malaka District, East Nusa Tenggara in 2019

Malaria remains a health problem in Indonesia including in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT) Province where its incidence is high. Weoe Public Health Center located in Malaka District, ENT Province has an important role as the front-line in the malaria control. The high number of malaria cases in this area may induce an economic burden due to unproductiveness at workplaces even death. This study aimed to overview the distribution and clinical characteristics of malaria patients in Weoe Public Public Health Center, Malaka District. This was a descriptive cross sectional study with saturated sampling method using secondary data of patient’s medical record from January-December 2019. Malaria patients treated at the Weoe Public Health Center from eight villages were selected in this study. The data of the time of ill, patient’s residence, gender, age, complaints, temperature, type of malaria, therapy, treatment results, and follow up blood smear tests result were collected. Among 815 patients suspected malaria, 198 (24.3%) were confirmed malaria positive caused by Plasmodium falciparum (41.4%) and P. vivax (58.6%). The highest cases occurred in February which reached 36.4% of the total cases. The highest incidence of malaria was found in Weoe Village (2.33%), dominated by male patients (57.6%), and mostly occurred at age 6-12 years (29.3%). Patients presented with fever (100%) followed by non-classical malaria complaints such as nausea and vomiting (46%), headache (33%), chills (30.8%), and flu symptoms (14.1%). All malaria patients were treated with combination of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHP) and primaquine (PQ) with a 100% cure rate and follow up blood smear test are negative from malaria parasite

THE METABOLIC DISORDERS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK AMONG LOWER SOCIOECONOMIC SUBJECTS IN YOGYAKARTA-INDONESIA

ABSTRACTObjectives: The prevalence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, and obesity in developing countries was high regardless the socioeconomicstatus, whereas the awareness and the control of these metabolic disorders were inadequate. The aim was to compare the cardiovascular risk basedon numbers of metabolic disorders among lower socioeconomic subjects.Methods: The study was done with the analytical cross-sectional method. The subjects were selected with cluster random sampling from four villages.We included the subjects of 30-65 years old and signed the informed consent but excluded the subjects who had not fasted for 8-10 hrs. We analyzed the cardiovascular parameters among groups with ANOVA statistics, the difference between actual and heart vascular age (HVA) with paired t-test, and the change of six cardiovascular parameters with radar diagram. Results: The eligible subjects (n=222) comprised 0-4 metabolic disorders at 25.2%, 33.8%, 28.8%, 9.9%, and 1.8%, respectively; with age at 50.1±9.0 years; body mass index (BMI) 24.1±4.8 kg/m2; blood pressure (BP) 141.6±23.4/82.8±11.7 mmHg; fasting blood sugar (FBS) 98.7±37.4 mg/dL; total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 201.0±37.9 and 55.1±12.7 mg/dL; Framingham score was 11.4±8.9% (referred as medium risk); the difference between actual and HVA at 13.2±13.0 (p<0.05). Increasing metabolic disorders lead to higher BP, FBS, cholesterol, Framingham score, and the difference between actual and HVA (p<0.05) excluding BMI in the four metabolic disorder subgroup.Conclusion: The subjects had the medium cardiovascular risk with above normal BMI, BP, and total cholesterol profiles. The average age, BP, FBS,cholesterol, Framingham score, and HVA were likely to increase equivalent to the numbers of metabolic disorders.Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, Obesity, Cardiovascular risk, Metabolic disorders

THE EFFECT OF HEALTH INSURANCE ON ASTHMA CONTROL IN RESPONDENTS WITH ASTHMA IN YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Asthma is a chronic disease with recurrent breath shortness. Until now, there is no particular therapy to cure the disease and long-term treatment is needed to control the disease. Health insurance has the benefit to support the asthma therapy. This study aimed to assess the effect of health insurance on the asthma control based on Asthma Control Test (ACT) score. The study was done with a cross-sectional design on respondents with asthma who agreed to sign informed consent forms in Yogyakarta. The asthma respondents (n=36) were selected non-randomly, consisting of 23 respondents with health insurance, including universal health coverage or UHC (n=15), UHC and private insurance (n=7), and private insurance only (n=1). The ratio and categorical data were analyzed with the independent T-test or Mann-Whitney test and chi-square statistics, respectively. The study demonstrated that the profiles and number of medicines were similar between groups, except for lower smoking proportion among health insurance groups; the respondents with and without health insurance had the median ACT score at 22 (partial control) and 15 (bad control) respectively, though the scores were not statistically different. Conclusion: the asthma respondents with and without health insurance were not statistically different in the asthma control

The association between knowledge and cardiovascular risk in high school students in Bali Indonesia

Cardiovascular disease is one of the health problems that cause significant health, economic, and social burdens. Generally, cardiovascular disease starts to appear clinically at the age of 40 years and over. Currently, diabetes can appear early because of an unhealthy lifestyle since childhood. Senior high school students, the nation's next generation, are essential assets for the country. The school-age intervention is expected to increase student awareness for anticipating cardiovascular disease. This study focused on evaluating the relationship between the level of knowledge related to cardiovascular disease and the risk of cardiovascular disease in high school students. This study is an analytic observational with a cross-sectional design with purposive sampling. The instruments used in this study to measure the level of knowledge and cardiovascular risk are a closed-ended questionnaire, digital sphygmomanometer, scale, height meter, body measuring tape, and blood glucose self-test device. The total study population was 207 students from two senior high schools in Bali. Almost one-third of the subjects have high blood pressure. Nearly a quarter of the subjects are overweight-obese and have waist circumference above normal. The result showed no significant difference relationship between the level of knowledge and cardiovascular risk (P >0.05). Therefore, further education is needed to instil healthy behaviors to control cardiovascular risk factors as early as possible. In conclusion, there is no relationship between the level of knowledge on cardiovascular risk in two senior high schools in Bali