New Historicism in Fictional World: Mapping the Paradigm

New Historicism offers a critical way out for the understanding of a literary art work. The trend New Historicism came into existence as an upshot against New Criticism in the similar way as the New Criticism surfaced as a reaction against historical and biographical methods of literary appreciation. The new critics reflect upon a literary text as a self-sufficient body or unit. They are apprehensive of history and take into account the discipline as an opponent of literature. The new historicists--like its British equivalent, may be called cultural materialists--reject the new critical instructions. They see literature and history as a part of vigorous and lively exchange. New Historicism is established on the supposition that a piece of literary work is the consequence of the time, place, and circumstances of its composition. The new historicists, therefore, thrust aside the self-sufficiency of both an artist and work of art and contend that a literary text cannot be read and understood in isolation. They stress that literary texts must be read and deciphered in its biographical, social and historical perspective

Role of Click Chemistry in Organic Synthesis

Click chemistry involves highly efficient organic reactions of two or more highly functionalized chemical entities under eco-benign conditions for the synthesis of different heterocycles. Several organic reactions such as nucleophilic ring-opening reactions, cyclo-additions, nucleophilic addition reactions, thiol-ene reactions, Diels Alder reactions, etc. are included in click reactions. These reactions have very important features i.e. high functional group tolerance, formation of a single product, high atom economy, high yielding, no need for column purification, etc. It also possesses several applications in drug discovery, supramolecular chemistry, material science, nanotechnology, etc. Being highly significant and valuable, we have elaborated on several aspects of click reactions in organic synthesis in this chapter. Recent advancements in the field of organic synthesis using click chemistry approach have been deliberated by citing last five years articles

Metal Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions of Alkenes Using Eco-Friendly Oxidants

Oxidation of alkenes is an important reaction in academia, industry and science as it is used to develop epoxides, carbonyls, allylic compounds, 1,2-diols, etc. Metal catalyzed oxidation of alkenes has aroused as a significant tool in modern organic synthesis. Several techniques are available; however some of them suffer from few shortcomings viz. high cost, toxic nature, harsh reaction condition, solid waste generation, etc. In view of these drawbacks, green oxidants i.e. O2, H2O2, TBHP, etc. have shown noteworthy prospects due to their nature, low cost, high atom economy and high sustainability in metal catalyzed reactions. This chapter highlights the metal catalyzed green oxidation of alkenes and shall provide new strategies for the functionalization and transformation of alkenes

The International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce (INPST) and the power of Twitter networking exemplified through #INPST hashtag analysis

Background: The development of digital technologies and the evolution of open innovation approaches have enabled the creation of diverse virtual organizations and enterprises coordinating their activities primarily online. The open innovation platform titled "International Natural Product Sciences Taskforce" (INPST) was established in 2018, to bring together in collaborative environment individuals and organizations interested in natural product scientific research, and to empower their interactions by using digital communication tools. Methods: In this work, we present a general overview of INPST activities and showcase the specific use of Twitter as a powerful networking tool that was used to host a one-week "2021 INPST Twitter Networking Event" (spanning from 31st May 2021 to 6th June 2021) based on the application of the Twitter hashtag #INPST. Results and Conclusion: The use of this hashtag during the networking event period was analyzed with Symplur Signals (https://www.symplur.com/), revealing a total of 6,036 tweets, shared by 686 users, which generated a total of 65,004,773 impressions (views of the respective tweets). This networking event's achieved high visibility and participation rate showcases a convincing example of how this social media platform can be used as a highly effective tool to host virtual Twitter-based international biomedical research events

Pharmacognostic Studies on the Aerial Parts of Suaeda Maritima Linn. (Chenopodiaceae)

The present communication deals with the macroscopical, microscopical & preliminary phytochemical screening on the aerial parts of Suaeda maritima Linn. (Chenopodiaceae). Suaeda maritima Linn. is widely used in traditional medicine in many parts of India for the treatment of various diseases & ailments viz. hepatoprotective, antioxidant, antifungal etc. No reports are available on the pharmacognostic nature of different parts of plant, hence, the present study was undertaken to investigate the same. All the parameters were studied according to the WHO & Pharmacopoeial guidelines. The qualitative chemical tests on the successive solvent extract revealed the presence of steroids, triterpenoids, proteins & carbohydrates

Pioneering Synthetic Strategies of 2-Substituted Benzothiazoles Using 2-Aminothiophenol

Heterocycles, compounds featuring heteroatoms like nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen, are integral in fields such as synthesis, pharmacology, and medicine. Among these, benzothiazoles, formed by fusing thiazole with benzene, hold significant prominence. Their unique reactivity, especially at the carbon position between nitrogen and sulfur, has sparked wide interest. Notably, 2-substituted benzothiazoles exhibit diverse biological activities, including anticonvulsant, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties, making them valuable in drug discovery. This review unveils an array of mesmerizing methods employed by chemists to prepare these compounds using 2-aminothiophenol as one of the precursors with other varied reactants. From novel strategies to sophisticated methodologies, each section of this review provides a glimpse into the fascinating world of synthetic chemistry of 2-substituted benzothiazoles. Delving into the diverse synthetic applications of 2-substituted benzothiazoles, this paper not only enriches our understanding of their synthesis but also sparks the imagination with the possibilities for future advancements

RP-HPLC method development and validation for the estimation of artemisinin in bulk drug

Artemisinin is a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from sweet wormwood, Artemisia annua, which is used as an antimalarial for the treatment of multi-drug resistant strains of falciparum malaria. It has a role as an antimalarial and a plant metabolite. Several artemisinin derivatives have been developed for clinical use in prevention and treatment of malaria, some of which have been linked to rare instances of acute liver injury. A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of artemisinin in bulk drug. The separation was achieved on Thermo C18 analytical column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d., 5.0μm) using 20mM KH2PO4: acetonitrile in the ratio of 15:85v/v (pH adjust with 4.0 with OPA) in the ratio 15:85 v/v as mobile phase and at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out using a UV detector at 303nm. The total chromatographic analysis time per sample was about 15 min with artemisinin eluting at retention time of about 11.254 ± 0.002min. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, linearity and sensitivity. Validation studies demonstrated that this HPLC method is simple, specific, rapid, reliable and reproducible.&nbsp