Perbandingan Virtual Private Network Protokol Menggunakan Point To Point Tunnel Protocol dan OpenVPN

Dengan semakin ketergantungannya user kepada teknologi internet tentu harus diimbangi dengan ketersediaan internet yang memadai dan handal, berbagai masalah justru muncul ketika internet tidak menjamin keamanan yang maksimal tanpa adanya metode-metode tertentu karena internet sendiri terbuka untuk umum, siapapun dapat mengakses didalamnya, untuk itu maka kerahasiaan serta autentifikasi atas informasi yang dikirim atau yang diterimapun bersifat terbuka. Sebelum mengimplementasikan Virtual Private Network (VPN) perlu dilakukan perbandingan antar protokol terutama protokol PPTP dan OpenVPN. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) untuk mengimplementasikan konsep VPN beserta penerapan QoS. Perbandingan dilakukan dengan parameter kecepatan dan keamanan data pada saat dikirim maupun diterima. Hasil penelitian didapat kedua protokol memiliki kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Pada sisi kecepatan PPTP lebih unggul ketimbang OpenVPN, sedangkan pada sisi keamanan OpenVPN memiliki keamanan yang lebih baik ketimbang PPTP

Analisis Mutu, Produktivitas, Keberlanjutan Dan Arahan Pengembangan USAhatani Tembakau Di Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah

Analysis of quality, productivity and sustainability anddevelopment direction of tobacco farming in TemanggungDistrict, Central JavaTemanggung tobacco is an important commodity for cigaretteindustry, farmers' income and product domestic regional brutto (PDRB)of Temanggung District. Tobacco stimulates economy activities, so that itcan grow other bussiness activities, such as transportation, agroproductand employment availability. Uncontrolled cultivation intensity andmarket structure monopsonistic resulted in weak bargaining position offarmer in marketing tobacco. Tobacco is a fancy product, it means that itsmarketing and transaction are very determined by quality. Theseconditions affected the sustainability of tobacco farm. This research wascarried out from January 2004 to March 2005 in the center of Temanggungtobacco production, which varies in terms of elevation, slope aspect andtopography. Temanggung tobacco varies in terms of quality andproductivity. Elevation and slope aspect were the primary factorsinfluencing tobacco productivity and quality. The quality of tobaccoplanted at farmer location at the elevation more than 1.000 m above sealevel (asl) with slope facing east, was significantly better than the qualityof tobacco planted at the elevation less than 1.000 m asl with slope facingnorth-east and north. The tobacco productivity planted on the slope facingeast differed significantly with the tobacco productivity planted on north-east and north slope facing. The slope did not significantly influencetobacco quality and productivity. Sustainability index of tobacco farmbelongs to enough category (IKb = 55.53 at scale of sustainability 0 –100)

ANALISIS MUTU, PRODUKTIVITAS, KEBERLANJUTAN DAN ARAHAN PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG, JAWA TENGAH

ABSTRAKTembakau Temanggung merupakan komoditas penting bahan bakuindustri rokok kretek, sumber pendapatan petani dan PAD KabupatenTemanggung. Selain itu, tembakau juga menjadi pemicu pertumbuhankegiatan ekonomi lainnya yang terkait dengan usahatani, sepertitransportasi, penyediaan sarana produksi pertanian serta penyediaanlapangan kerja. Usahatani tembakau Temanggung menghadapi 3 (tiga)masalah utama, yaitu: sifat tembakau Temanggung yang tergolong fancyproduct, struktur pasar yang monopsonistik dan kondisi lahan usahataniyang beragam (beragam menurut elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkatkemiringan lereng). Kondisi lahan tersebut mengakibatkan mutu tembakaumenjadi beragam, dan cenderung menurun bahkan mengancam keber-lanjutan usahatani tembakau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Januari2004 - Maret 2005 di sentra produksi tembakau Temanggung, yangmemiliki beberapa perbedaan berdasarkan elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkatkemiringan. Untuk mengetahui ragam mutu dan produktivitas dianalisisdengan sidik ragam. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh elevasi, arah dankemiringan  lereng  digunakan  analisis  regresi  berganda.  Dalammenganalisis keberlanjutan usahatani, digunakan multi atribut non-parametrik yang diolah dengan multidimentional scaling (MDS). Mutu danproduktivitas tembakau Temanggung cukup beragam. Elevasi dan arahlereng (slope aspect) merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi mutudan produktivitas tembakau Temanggung. Mutu tembakau yang ditanampada lahan berelevasi di atas 1.000 m dpl, nyata lebih baik dibandingkandengan mutu tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan yang berelevasi kurangdari 1.000 m dpl. Produktivitas tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan arahlereng ke timur nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produktivitastembakau pada lahan arah lereng ke timur laut dan utara. Tingkatkemiringan lereng tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu maupun produktivitastembakau. Indeks keberlanjutan usahatani tembakau Temanggung,termasuk kedalam kategori cukup (IKb = 55,53 pada skala keberlanjutan 0– 100).Kata kunci : Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum L., tembakau Temanggung,mutu, produktivitas, indeks keberlanjutan, usahatani, JawaTengahABSTRACTAnalysis of quality, productivity and sustainability anddevelopment direction of tobacco farming in TemanggungDistrict, Central JavaTemanggung tobacco is an important commodity for cigaretteindustry, farmers’ income and product domestic regional brutto (PDRB)of Temanggung District. Tobacco stimulates economy activities, so that itcan grow other bussiness activities, such as transportation, agroproductand employment availability. Uncontrolled cultivation intensity andmarket structure monopsonistic resulted in weak bargaining position offarmer in marketing tobacco. Tobacco is a fancy product, it means that itsmarketing and transaction are very determined by quality. Theseconditions affected the sustainability of tobacco farm. This research wascarried out from January 2004 to March 2005 in the center of Temanggungtobacco production, which varies in terms of elevation, slope aspect andtopography. Temanggung tobacco varies in terms of quality andproductivity. Elevation and slope aspect were the primary factorsinfluencing tobacco productivity and quality. The quality of tobaccoplanted at farmer location at the elevation more than 1.000 m above sealevel (asl) with slope facing east, was significantly better than the qualityof tobacco planted at the elevation less than 1.000 m asl with slope facingnorth-east and north. The tobacco productivity planted on the slope facingeast differed significantly with the tobacco productivity planted on north-east and north slope facing. The slope did not significantly influencetobacco quality and productivity. Sustainability index of tobacco farmbelongs to enough category (IKb = 55.53 at scale of sustainability 0 –100).Key words : Nicotiana tabacum L. Temanggung tobacco, quality,productivity, sustainability index, farming system, CentralJav

Multiwavelength observation from radio through very-high-energy Gamma-ray of OJ 287 during the 12-year cycle flare in 2007

We performed simultaneous multiwavelength observations of OJ 287 with the Nobeyama Millimeter Array for radio, the KANATA telescope and the KVA telescope for optical, the Suzaku satellite for X-ray and the MAGIC telescope for very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray in 2007. The observations were conducted for a quiescent state in April and in a flaring state in November-December. We clearly observed increase of fluxes from radio to X-ray bands during the flaring state while MAGIC could not detect significant VHE gamma-ray emission from the source. We could derive an upper limit (95% confidence level) of 1.7% of the Crab Nebula flux above 150 GeV from about 41.2 hours of the MAGIC observation. A simple SSC model suggests that the observed flaring activity could be caused by evolutions in the distribution of the electron population rather than changes of the magnetic field strength or Doppler beaming factor in the jet.Comment: Contribution to the 31st ICRC, Lodz, Poland, July 200

Utjecaj različitih površinski aktivnih tvari i njihovih koncentracija na kontrolirano oslobađanje kaptoprila iz polimernih matriksa

Various methods are available to formulate water soluble drugs into sustained release dosage forms by retarding the dissolution rate. One of the methods used to control drug release and thereby prolong therapeutic activity is to use hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers. In this study, the effects of various polymers such as hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), ethylcellulose (EC) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and surfactants (sodium lauryl sulphate, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and Arlacel 60) on the release rate of captopril were investigated. The results showed that an increase in the amount of HPMC K15M resulted in reduction of the release rate of captopril from these matrices. When HPMC was partly replaced by NaCMC (the ratio of HPMC/NaCMC was 5:1), the release rate of the drug significantly decreased. However, there was no significant difference in release rate of captopril from matrices produced with ratios of 5:1 and 2:1 of HPMC/NaCMC. The presence of lactose in matrices containing HPMC and NaCMC increased the release rate of captopril. It was interesting to note that although partial replacement of HPMC by EC reduced the release rate of the drug (ratio of HPMC/EC 2:1), the release rate was increased when the ratio of HPMC/EC was reduced to 1:1. The effects of various surfactants on the release rate of captopril from HPMC/EC 1:1 matrices were also investigated. The results showed that the surfactants did not significantly change the release rate of the drug. Release data were examined kinetically and the ideal kinetic models were estimated for the drug release. The kinetic analysis of drug release data from various formulations showed that incorporation of surfactants in HPMC/EC matrices did not produce a zero-order release pattern.Postoje različite metode formuliranja vodotopljivih lijekova u dozirane ljekovite oblike s polaganim oslobađanjem. Jedan od načina postizanja kontroliranog otpuštanja, a prema tome i produljenog učinka je upotreba hidrofilnih i lipofilnih polimera. U ovom radu proučavan je utjecaj različitih polimera poput hidroksipropil metilceluloze (HPMC), etilceluloze (EC) i natrijeve soli karboksimetilceluloze (NaCMC) i površinski aktivnih tvari (natrijevog lauril-sulfata, cetiltrimetilamonijevog bromida i Arlacela 60) na oslobađanje kaptoprila. Rezultati pokazuju da povećanje količine HPMC K15M ima za posljedicu smanjenje oslobađanja kaptoprila iz matriksa. Ako se HPMC djelomično zamijeni s NaCMC (omjer HPMC/NaCMC 5:1), oslobađanje ljekovite tvari značajno se smanjuje. Međutim, nema značajne razlike u oslobađanju kaptoprila iz matriksa s omjerom HPMC/NaCMC 5:1 i 2:1. Prisutnost laktoze u matriksu koji sadrži HPMC i NaCMC povećalo je oslobađanje kaptoprila. Iako djelomična zamjena HPMC s EC smanjuje oslobađanje ljekovite tvari (omjer HPMC/EC 2:1), oslobađanje se povećava uz omjer HPMC/EC 1:1. Nadalje, ispitivan je utjecaj površinski aktivnih tvari na oslobađanje kaptoprila iz matriksa u kojima je omjer HPMC/EC (1:1). Može se zaključiti da površinski aktivne tvari ne utječu značajno na oslobađanje ljekovite tvari. U sklopu istraživanja određen je i kinetički model oslobađanja kaptoprila. Analiza kinetičkih podataka ukazuje da dodatak površinski aktivnih tvari u HPMC/EC matrikse ne slijedi kinetiku nultog reda

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KONTROL BANJIR DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM “45” BEKASI BERBASIS ARDUINO

Monitoring of water levels in rivers or dams is higly required to control erratic rainfall in one region. Because ifthere is an excess of water quota on a dam that is not immediately distributed, it can cause a dam broken andeventually lead to massive flooding. The existence of a real time system in monitoring the water level in the damis very important to be realized. The main function of this tool is simply to activate the water pump and give textnotification to Operator / User. Real time water level monitoring system uses Float Switch and Wavecomemodem sensors as SMS Gateway. This tool will help to monitor the water level to the operator and provide statusinformation of water level via text so that operators can take further action. With the reading of the FLOATSWITCH sensor input, Arduino orders SOLID STATE RELAY to enable or disable the Water Pump and SirineLights, followed by a command to the Wavecome modem to text notifications to operators and users. In the end,Arduino sends string data to LCD to display the last status that reads by FLOAT SWITCH sensor. By automaticactivation and notification of UNISMA water pump, then the impact of the flood can be reduced.Pemantauan ketinggian air pada sungai ataupun bendungan sangat diperlukan untuk menangani curah hujan yangtidak menentu di suatu wilayah. Karena apabila terjadi kelebihan kuota air pada bendungan yang tidak segeradisalurkan, hal ini dapat menyebabkan jebolnya bendungan dan pada akhirnya mengakibatkan banjir yang besar.Adanya sistem yang real time dalam pemantauan ketinggian air pada bendungan sangat penting, dan perludiwujudkan secara nyata. Fungsi utama alat ini hanya untuk mengaktifkan pompa air dan memberikan notifikasiSMS ke Operator/Pengguna. Sistem pemantuan ketinggian air secara real time menggunakan sensor Float Switchdan modem Wavecome sebagai SMS Gateway. Alat ini akan membantu pemantauan ketinggian air kepadaoperator dan memberikan informasi status ketinggian air melalui sms sehingga operator dapat melakukantindakan lebih lanjut. Dengan terbacanya input sensor FLOAT SWITCH maka Arduino memberikan perintahkepada SOLID STATE RELAY untuk mengaktifkan atau mengnonaktifkan Pompa Air dan Lampu Sirine,kemudian diiringi pula perintah ke modem Wavecome untuk memberikan notifikasi SMS ke operator danpengguna. Terakhir Arduino mengirimkan data string ke LCD untuk menampilkan Status terakhir yang dibacasensor FLOAT SWITCH. Dengan aktivasi dan notifikasi otomatis pada pompa air di UNISMA maka dampakbanjir bisa di kurangi

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM KONTROL BANJIR DI UNIVERSITAS ISLAM “45” BEKASI BERBASIS ARDUINO

Monitoring of water levels in rivers or dams is higly required to control erratic rainfall in one region. Because ifthere is an excess of water quota on a dam that is not immediately distributed, it can cause a dam broken andeventually lead to massive flooding. The existence of a real time system in monitoring the water level in the damis very important to be realized. The main function of this tool is simply to activate the water pump and give textnotification to Operator / User. Real time water level monitoring system uses Float Switch and Wavecomemodem sensors as SMS Gateway. This tool will help to monitor the water level to the operator and provide statusinformation of water level via text so that operators can take further action. With the reading of the FLOATSWITCH sensor input, Arduino orders SOLID STATE RELAY to enable or disable the Water Pump and SirineLights, followed by a command to the Wavecome modem to text notifications to operators and users. In the end,Arduino sends string data to LCD to display the last status that reads by FLOAT SWITCH sensor. By automaticactivation and notification of UNISMA water pump, then the impact of the flood can be reduced.Pemantauan ketinggian air pada sungai ataupun bendungan sangat diperlukan untuk menangani curah hujan yangtidak menentu di suatu wilayah. Karena apabila terjadi kelebihan kuota air pada bendungan yang tidak segeradisalurkan, hal ini dapat menyebabkan jebolnya bendungan dan pada akhirnya mengakibatkan banjir yang besar.Adanya sistem yang real time dalam pemantauan ketinggian air pada bendungan sangat penting, dan perludiwujudkan secara nyata. Fungsi utama alat ini hanya untuk mengaktifkan pompa air dan memberikan notifikasiSMS ke Operator/Pengguna. Sistem pemantuan ketinggian air secara real time menggunakan sensor Float Switchdan modem Wavecome sebagai SMS Gateway. Alat ini akan membantu pemantauan ketinggian air kepadaoperator dan memberikan informasi status ketinggian air melalui sms sehingga operator dapat melakukantindakan lebih lanjut. Dengan terbacanya input sensor FLOAT SWITCH maka Arduino memberikan perintahkepada SOLID STATE RELAY untuk mengaktifkan atau mengnonaktifkan Pompa Air dan Lampu Sirine,kemudian diiringi pula perintah ke modem Wavecome untuk memberikan notifikasi SMS ke operator danpengguna. Terakhir Arduino mengirimkan data string ke LCD untuk menampilkan Status terakhir yang dibacasensor FLOAT SWITCH. Dengan aktivasi dan notifikasi otomatis pada pompa air di UNISMA maka dampakbanjir bisa di kurangi