Découvertes fortuites de stèles protohistoriques en Rouergue méridional

Trois sites du Rouergue méridional ont livré 13 stèles protohistoriques du premier âge du Fer, se rattachant à celles du midi de la France tout en constituant un groupe stylistique original. L’ensemble le plus important provient du promontoire des Touriès près du hameau du Vialaret (Saint-Jean et Saint-Paul, Aveyron). Il comprend 10 stèles, dont près de la moitié sont décorées et une statue d’un guerrier en ronde-bosse, probablement muni d’une cuirasse souple avec kardiophylax. Il s’agit d’un torse, stylistiquement proche du buste du Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard), appartenant à une statuaire précoce parfois qualifiée « d’école du Languedoc oriental » en raison de sa répartition géographique. Les stèles décorées des trois sites rouergats semblent présenter une évolution de l’image figurative initiale du guerrier des Touriès, sans doute dans le cadre d’un culte héroïque, selon un schéma peut-être transposable au reste du Midi, en tout cas à une stèle décorée de l’oppidum de la Ramasse (Clermont-l’Hérault).Thirteen protohistorical carved slabs, dating to the first Iron Age and discovered in southern Rouergue, can be related to those of Mediterranean France, but seem to represent an original stylistic group. The most important group comes from the promontory of Touriès, near the village of Vialaret (Saint-Jean et Saint Paul, Aveyron). It comprises 10 carved slabs, half of which are decorated and a warrior sculpture on which is probably figured a flexible armour and a kardiophylax. It is a torso, stylistically similar to the one discovered in Marduel (Saint-Bonnet-du-Gard), which belongs to an early statuary sometimes called « school of eastern Languedoc » given it’s geographical distribution. The steles of these three sites seem to show an evolution of the initial figurative image of the warrior of Touries, perhaps within the scope of a hero cult, according to a schema which may be applied to the rest of Mediterranean France, at least to the decorated stela from the Hill-fort of la Ramasse (Clermont-l’Hérault)

On the convergence of linear switched systems

International audienceThis paper investigates sufficient conditions for the convergence to zero of the trajectories of linear switched systems. We provide a collection of results that use weak dwell-time, dwell-time, strong dwell-time, permanent and persistent excitation hypothesis. The obtained results are shown to be tight by counterexample. Finally, we apply our result to the three-cell converter

"La sensación de la soledad" en las Rimas de Bécquer (Aproximación a la poesía metafísica)

In our article we try to approximate to the topic of Spanish romanticism and the cosmovision of Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer in particular. We evaluate the role of universal romantic symptom – the feeling of loneliness in Bécquer’s Rimas and observe how his poetic world is linked to the existensial vision of Miguel de Unamuno.En nuestro artículo intentamos acercarnos al tema del romanticismo español, y a la visión romántica de Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer en particular. Dentro de ello investigamos el papel del síntoma universal del romanticismo – la sensación de la soledad en las Rimas de Bécquer y observamos cómo está vinculado su mundo romántico con la visión existencialista de Miguel de Unamuno

Geographical distribution and epidemiological features of Old World Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani foci, based on the isoenzyme analysis of 2277 strains

A series of 2277 Leishmania strains from Old World visceral leishmaniasis foci, isolated between 1973 and 2008, were studied by isoenzyme analysis. The strains were obtained from humans, domestic and wild carnivores, rodents and phlebotomine sandflies, and came from 36 countries. In all, 60 different zymodemes were identified and clustered by a phenetic analysis into 3 different groups corresponding to the typically visceralizing species L. donovani (20 zymodemes, 169 strains), L. archibaldi (3 zymodemes, 46 strains) and L. infantum (37 zymodemes, 2,062 strains). The taxonomic position of these isoenzymatic groups is discussed in view of contradictory results obtained from recent molecular studie

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Idoles-enseignes et objets du Néolithique récent-final méridional

Arnal Jean, Serres Jean-Pierre. Idoles-enseignes et objets du Néolithique récent-final méridional. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 85, n°2, 1988. pp. 48-53

Deux nouvelles statues-menhirs rouergates : Esplas et La Liquière-Haute ; Rebourguil et Saint-Juéry-le-Château

National audienc

Arrêté du 27 fructidor des représentants du peuple Auguis et Serres, envoyés dans les Bouches-du-Rhône, le Var et l'Ardèche, déclarant que le citoyen Martin commencera l'exercice de ses fonctions dans le jour, lors de la séance de la 5ème sans-culottide an II (21 septembre 1794)

Serres Jean-Jacques Joseph, Auguis Pierre Jean-Baptiste. Arrêté du 27 fructidor des représentants du peuple Auguis et Serres, envoyés dans les Bouches-du-Rhône, le Var et l'Ardèche, déclarant que le citoyen Martin commencera l'exercice de ses fonctions dans le jour, lors de la séance de la 5ème sans-culottide an II (21 septembre 1794). In: Archives Parlementaires de 1787 à 1860 - Première série (1787-1799) Tome XCVII - Du 23 fructidor an II au 2 vendémiaire an III (9 au 23 septembre 1794) Paris : CNRS éditions, 1993. pp. 327-328