46 research outputs found
El Proyecto fin de carrera como medio conductor para la iniciación a la investigación
Los proyectos fin de carrera son una herramienta útil
para la atracción de estudiantes hacia las líneas de
investigación de los distintos profesores. En base a la
experiencia de los autores como profesores este
artículo pretende presentar algunos de los principales
errores que se comenten cuando se pretende utilizar
los proyectos fin de carrera como mecanismo para
introducir a los alumnos en el mundo de la
investigación. De la misma manera se presentan
algunas pautas para evitar caer en dichos errores.Peer Reviewe
CUESTOR: Una nueva aproximación integral a la evaluación automática de prácticas de programación
A pesar de que existen diversas aproximaciones
para la evaluación automática de prácticas de
programación, su aplicación fuera de los entornos
en que fueron diseñados no siempre es posible. En
este trabajo se presenta una nueva plataforma
abierta que proporciona los mecanismos
necesarios para realizar una evaluación completa
de un ejercicio de programación realizado en C o
en Java. Este proceso de evaluación incluye la
verificación del cumplimiento de los requisitos
especificados, el método de resolución, la calidad
del código fuente y la comprobación del plagio. El
funcionamiento de cada uno de los componentes
de evaluación ha sido verificado de forma
exhaustiva mediante la utilización de las entregas
realizadas por los alumnos en años anteriores.Peer Reviewe
GoogleWave: Una herramienta para la evaluación de trabajos realizados fuera del aula
La evaluación de los trabajos en grupo es siempre
difícil para el profesorado porque éste desconoce
la cantidad de esfuerzo que ha dedicado cada
alumno al trabajo asignado. Este artículo
pretende presentar la herramienta Google Wave1
como una herramienta capaz de aportar una serie
de funcionalidades no aportadas anteriormente
por ninguna otra herramienta que facilitan al
profesorado la evaluación del esfuerzo de cada
alumno durante la realización de un trabajo en
grupo.Peer Reviewe
La Sobre-evaluación
Este trabajo resume una experiencia negativa
vivida durante la impartición de una asignatura
encuadrada dentro del Espacio Europeo de
Educación Superior (EEES) debido a una mala
planificación de la evaluación que desemboca en
lo que denominaremos sobre-evaluación. Por
sobre-evaluación se entiende el excesivo número
de pruebas a las que se somete al alumno y que le
obligan a pasar más tiempo preparándolas que
adquiriendo o asentando conocimientos. Y como
consecuencia de esa experiencia negativa se
presentan los medios que se han puesto para evitar
repetir dicha experiencia en el curso siguiente en
la misma asignatura así como las algunas de las
conclusiones alcanzadas por los profesores de
dicha asignatura.SUMMARY: This work summarizes a negative experience
happened during the classes of a subject within
the European Space for Higher Education, due to
a wrong planning which provoked the so-called
phenomenon: over-assessment. Over-assessment
means the excessive number of tasks that a
student must do. As a result of this fact, each
student spends more time preparing his tasks than
learning new knowledge. From this negative
experiment, the following course the same
teachers applied several modifications with
respect to that subject in order to avoid past errors.
These modifications allowed improving the results
obtained by the students, especially, due to the
better planning of the tasks proposed to assess
students.Peer Reviewe
The current role of machine learning and explainability in actuarial science
Actuarial science seeks to evaluate, predict and manage the impact of future events. Nowadays, the actuary faces the challenge of predicting and managing risks efficiently, with a universe of information growing exponentially in real-time and with a business dynamic that demands constant competitiveness and innovation. The techniques associated with data engineering and data science open a window of tools that seek, through technology, to improve the processes of product design, pricing, reserves and establishment of market niches practically and realistically, considering the pros and cons that brings the availability and constant updating of information, as well as the computational times that this implies. Therefore, this article aims to review the application of Explainable Machine Learning techniques as an alternative to the development of more efficient and practical actuarial models.Facultad de Informátic
A T1OWA Fuzzy Linguistic Aggregation Methodology for Searching Feature-based Opinions.
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link.Online services such as Amazon, Tripadvisor, Ebay, etc., allow users to express sentiments about different products or services. Not only that, in some cases it is also possible to express sentiments about the different features characterizing those products or services. Most users express sentiments about individual features by using numerical values, which sometimes do not allow users to reflect properly what they are meaning and therefore they are misleading. To overcome this key issue and make users’ opinions in online services more comprehensive, a new methodology for representing sentiments using linguistic term sets instead of numerical values is presented. In addition, this methodology will allow to implement importance degrees on the different features characterizing users’ opinions. From both sentiments and importance of the features, the most important opinions for each user is derived via an aggregation step based on the Type-1 Ordered Weighted Averaging (T1OWA) operator, which is able to aggregate the corresponding fuzzy set representations of linguistic terms. Furthermore, the final output of the T1OWA based-search process can easily be interpreted by users because it is always of the same type (fuzzy) and defined in the same domain of the original fuzzy linguistic labels. A case study is presented where the T1OWA operator methodology is used to assess different opinions according to different user profiles
Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort
Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis
Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years
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Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study
Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat
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Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake