Revisión del cambio de la calidad visual tras cirugía de catarata senil, y la influencia del defecto refractivo residual

Revisión bibliográfica de los cambios en la refracción que aparecen en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía de cataratas, a la par que de la utilización del láser de Femtosegundo en dicha cirugía con el objetivo de reducir el error de refracción post-quirúrgico. <br /

Conserved gene modules regulate light signals in algae and plants

In the Plant Development Unit (PDU) we aim to discover mechanisms that allowed photosynthetic organisms to reach the level of developmental complexity shown today. Plants are particularly good models as they have been evolving as light autotrophs for millions of years, ever since the first bacteria developed oxygenic photosynthesis and killed 99% of existing species in the process. But light is not only the main source of energy for plants, it is also one of the main regulators of their development, as endo-symbiotic cyanobacteria (chloroplasts) perfected their physiological synchronization with the emerging eukaryotes (1). Another important aspect of plant evolution was the transit to the aerial world and the acquisition of characteristics that allowed them to successfully colonise this new habitat (2). In the PDU we have followed the evolution of the day length response (photoperiod) that coordinates the daily physiological activities of plants and can be also used to regulate seasonal behaviours such as winter recesses or flowering time (3). When gene expression networks from photoperiod experiments from microalgae, bryophytes and higher plants are compared, a common nodular structure is discovered (4). Following these discoveries, we have isolated ancestor algal genes that show the same function as higher plants in the response to photoperiod such as the CONSTANS-DOF module (5). We are currently investigating common regulatory mechanisms in photoperiod sensing such as the effect on the circadian clock, senescence, retrograde signalling (6) and protein stability (7

The Interpretation and application of the law with a gender perspective in Spain: challenges and outstanding issues

This work, situated within the Spanish legal context, presents a reflection upon the need to apply and interpret the law bearing in mind the mandate of the gender perspective contained in national and international legislation. In spite of the significant advances, in questions of gender equality, evidenced by the Spanish legal system in recent decades, these have not led to real, effective equality. In the spheres of both private and public law, this task should be prioritised and undertaken in transversal fashion by all legal operators, judges in particular. Without this commitment, the guarantee of women’s human rights will continue to be hindered by the shortcomings of an androcentric legal culture that perpetuates structural discrimination against women

CONSTANS–FKBP12 interaction contributes to modulation of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis

Flowering time is a key process in plant development. Photoperiodic signals play a crucial role in the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the protein CONSTANS (CO) has a central regulatory function that is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The stability of CO protein depends on a light-driven proteasome process that optimizes its accumulation in the evening to promote the production of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and induce seasonal flowering. To further investigate the post-translational regulation of CO protein we have dissected its interactome network employing in vivo and in vitro assays and molecular genetics approaches. The immunophilin FKBP12 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a CO interactor that regulates its accumulation and activity. FKBP12 and CO interact through the CCT domain, affecting the stability and function of CO. fkbp12 insertion mutants show a delay in flowering time, while FKBP12 overexpression accelerates flowering, and these phenotypes can be directly related to a change in accumulation of FT protein. The interaction is conserved between the Chlamydomonas algal orthologs CrCO–CrFKBP12, revealing an ancient regulatory step in photoperiod regulation of plant development.Ministerio de Ciencia BIO2014-52425-P, BIO2017-83629-RJunta de Andalucía P08-AGR-03582, BIO-281European Union GA83831

Investigación joven con perspectiva de género VI

Actas del VI Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadorxs con perspectiva de género (Getafe, 16 - 18 de junio de 2021) organizado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.El concepto de la vejes en la literatura griega arcaica / María Secades Fonseca se inscribe en el marco del Proyectos de I+D+i del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, titulado Vulnerabilidad intrafamiliar y política en el mundo antiguo y dirigido por Susana Reboreda Morillo y Rosa María Cid López (Ref. PID2020-116349GB-I00).Generando una interpretación del Derecho en clave de igualdad de género / Alicia Cárdenas Cordón y Gloria Serrano Valverde es un trabajo elaborado y presentado en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación RTI2018-10669-B-100 ‘‘GEN-DER: Generando una interpretación del Derecho en clave de igualdad de género’’, enmarcado en el Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (2019-2021)

Generando una interpretación del Derecho en clave de igualdad de género

Actas del VI Congreso Internacional de Jóvenes Investigadorxs con perspectiva de género (Getafe, 16 - 18 de junio de 2021) organizado por el Instituto Universitario de Estudios de Género de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.El proyecto GENDER nace de la constatación de que la Ciencia Jurídica, como cualquier otra disciplina no está libre de condicionantes culturales que desembocan en prejuicios y estereotipos de género. A pesar de que en España los avances legislativos en materia de igualdad son significativos, nuestro ordenamiento jurídico se ha construido tomando como referente valores y caracteres asociados al género masculino, aplicándose desde un sesgo eminentemente patriarcal. En este sentido, los operadores jurídicos tienen el mandato legal contenido en el artículo 4 de la LO 3/2007 de 22 de marzo para la igualdad efectiva de hombres y mujeres, de aplicar la perspectiva de género como herramienta inclusiva de los derechos de las mujeres en el análisis e interpretación del Derecho.Trabajo elaborado y presentado en el marco del Proyecto de Investigación RTI2018-10669-B-100 ‘‘GEN-DER: Generando una interpretación del Derecho en clave de igualdad de género’’, enmarcado en el Programa Estatal de I+D+i Orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (2019-2021)

Photoperiodic Signaling and Senescence, an Ancient Solution to a Modern Problem?

The length of the day (photoperiod) is a robust seasonal signal originated by earth orbital and translational movements, a resilient external cue to the global climate change, and a predictable hint to initiate or complete different developmental programs. In eukaryotic algae, the gene expression network that controls the cellular response to photoperiod also regulates other basic physiological functions such as starch synthesis or redox homeostasis. Land plants, evolving in a novel and demanding environment, imbued these external signals within the regulatory networks controlling organogenesis and developmental programs. Unlike algae that largely have to deal with cellular physical cues, within the course of evolution land plants had to transfer this external information from the receiving organs to the target tissues, and mobile signals such as hormones were recruited and incorporated in the regulomes. Control of senescence by photoperiod, as suggested in this perspective, would be an accurate way to feed seasonal information into a newly developed function (senescence) using an ancient route (photoperiodic signaling). This way, the plant would assure that two coordinated aspects of development such as flowering and organ senescence were sequentially controlled. As in the case of senescence, there is growing evidence to support the idea that harnessing the reliability of photoperiod regulation over other, more labile signaling pathways could be used as a robust breeding tool to enhance plants against the harmful effects of climate change.Peer reviewe

Chlamydomonas CONSTANS and the Evolution of Plant Photoperiodic Signaling

10 pages, 6 figures.-- Supporting information (Suppl. Experimental Procedures, six figures and three tables, 18 pages) available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.01.044[Background] The circadian clock controls several important processes in plant development, including the phase transition from vegetative growth to flowering. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the circadian-regulated gene CONSTANS (CO) plays a central role in the photoperiodic control of the floral transition, one of the most conserved flowering responses among distantly related plants. CO is a member of a plant-specific family of transcription factors, and when it arose during the evolution of higher plants is unclear.[Results] A CO homologous gene present in the genome of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrCO) can complement the Arabidopsis co mutation and promote early flowering in wild-type plants when expressed under different promoters. Transcript levels of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), the main target of CO, are increased in CrCO transgenic plants in a way similar to those in plants overexpressing CO. In the microalga, expression of CrCO is influenced by day length and the circadian clock, being higher in short photoperiods. Reduction of CrCO expression in Chlamydomonas by RNA interference induces defects in culture growth, whereas algae induced to express high levels of CrCO show alterations in several circadian output processes, such as starch accumulation and the onset of expression of genes that regulate the cell cycle.[Conclusions] The effects observed may reflect a conserved role for CrCO in the coordination of processes regulated by photoperiod and the circadian clock. Our data indicate that CO orthologs probably represent ancient regulators of photoperiod-dependent events and that these regulators arose early in the evolutionary lineage that gave rise to flowering plants.Work in F.V.'s laboratory is funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under a “Ramón y Cajal” contract and project grant BIO2007-61837, and J.M.R. is funded by project grant BIO2005-04916, which is partially funded by the EDRF (EU) program. The financial support of the Andalusian Regional Government (groups BIO-261 and BIO-281) is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe

CONSTANS–FKBP12 interaction contributes to modulation of photoperiodic flowering in Arabidopsis

Flowering time is a key process in plant development. Photoperiodic signals play a crucial role in the floral transition in Arabidopsis thaliana, and the protein CONSTANS (CO) has a central regulatory function that is tightly regulated at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The stability of CO protein depends on a light-driven proteasome process that optimizes its accumulation in the evening to promote the production of the florigen FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and induce seasonal flowering. To further investigate the post-translational regulation of CO protein we have dissected its interactome network employing in vivo and in vitro assays and molecular genetics approaches. The immunophilin FKBP12 has been identified in Arabidopsis as a CO interactor that regulates its accumulation and activity. FKBP12 and CO interact through the CCT domain, affecting the stability and function of CO. fkbp12 insertion mutants show a delay in flowering time, while FKBP12 overexpression accelerates flowering, and these phenotypes can be directly related to a change in accumulation of FT protein. The interaction is conserved between the Chlamydomonas algal orthologs CrCO–CrFKBP12, revealing an ancient regulatory step in photoperiod regulation of plant development

Evolution of photoperiod sensing in plants and algae

Measuring day length confers a strong fitness improvement to photosynthetic organisms as it allows them to anticipate light phases and take the best decisions preceding diurnal transitions. In close association with signals from the circadian clock and the photoreceptors, photoperiodic sensing constitutes also a precise way to determine the passing of the seasons and to take annual decisions such as the best time to flower or the beginning of dormancy. Photoperiodic sensing in photosynthetic organisms is ancient and two major stages in its evolution could be identified, the cyanobacterial time sensing and the evolutionary tool kit that arose in green algae and developed into the photoperiodic system of modern plants. The most recent discoveries about the evolution of the perception of light, measurement of day length and relationship with the circadian clock along the evolution of the eukaryotic green lineage will be discussed in this review.Peer reviewe