Interfaces and the edge percolation map of random directed networks

The traditional node percolation map of directed networks is reanalyzed in terms of edges. In the percolated phase, edges can mainly organize into five distinct giant connected components, interfaces bridging the communication of nodes in the strongly connected component and those in the in- and out-components. Formal equations for the relative sizes in number of edges of these giant structures are derived for arbitrary joint degree distributions in the presence of local and two-point correlations. The uncorrelated null model is fully solved analytically and compared against simulations, finding an excellent agreement between the theoretical predictions and the edge percolation map of synthetically generated networks with exponential or scale-free in-degree distribution and exponential out-degree distribution. Interfaces, and their internal organization giving place from "hairy ball" percolation landscapes to bottleneck straits, could bring new light to the discussion of how structure is interwoven with functionality, in particular in flow networks.Comment: 20 pages, 4 figure

Implementação de uma área de produção de hortícolas em modo de produção biológico na empresa “Quinta da Ribeira”

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica. Universidade de Lisboa, Instituto Superior de AgronomiaAs hortas urbanas têm cada vez um papel mais significante na alimentação da população nas grandes cidades. Um contacto direto com os produtores é mais valorizado, pela qualidade dos produtos e pelos métodos produtivos associados. Procurou-se neste trabalho implementar uma área de hortícolas em modo de produção biológico (MPB) num terreno de 3,75 ha na Ribeira de Sintra, retratando este documento as atividades desenvolvidas nos procedimentos de limpeza do terreno, preparação do solo, instalação do sistema de rega, plantações e sementeiras na época de Primavera-Verão, fertilizações, proteção de plantas e os resultados obtidos para as diferentes culturas, bem como estrangulamentos associados à produção, colheita e comercialização. Os principais problemas identificados prenderam-se com a limpeza e preparação do terreno, com o sistema de rega, e com o controlo fitossanitário. O primeiro obrigou a um esforço intensivo, envolvendo uma desmatação, uma limpeza de materiais plásticos e lenhosos e posteriormente uma mobilização de solo. A instalação do sistema de rega consistiu na criação de duas fontes de água, e duas zonas de rega, por aspersão e por gota-a-gota, mas a eficiência do sistema foi sempre baixa, causando irregularidade no fornecimento de água. O controlo de pragas como a áltica-da-couve ou de doenças como a Sclerotinia foi pouco eficaz, devido à reduzida diversidade de substâncias homologadas em MPB. As culturas hortícolas instaladas incluíram predominantemente brássicas, solanáceas, cucurbitáceas e asteráceas. A comercialização dos produtos foi realizada através de quatro canais principais de venda: restauração, alojamento local, mercearias e, a mais relevante, destinada ao consumidor final através da venda de cabazes e entrega ao domicílio ou num mercado construído no próprio terreno. As culturas com menos problemas fitotécnicos foram as cucurbitáceas e a alface, as que tiveram maior procura por parte do consumidor foram as cucurbitáceas, com destaque para a melancia e a abóbora, e solanáceas.Urban gardens are playing an increasingly significant role in the diet of the population in large cities. A direct contact with the producers is more valued, for the quality of the products and the associated production methods. The aim of this work was to establish an area of horticultural crops in organic production mode on a 3.75 ha plot in Ribeira de Sintra, showing this document the activities carried out in all the procedures for cleaning the land, soil preparation, installation of the irrigation system, planting and sowing in the spring-summer season, fertilization, plant protection and the results obtained for the different crops, as well as the main bottlenecks associated with production, harvesting and marketing. The main problems identified were related to cleaning and preparation of the land, with the irrigation system installed, and with phytosanitary control. The first required a very intensive effort that involved deforestation, cleaning of plastic and woody materials and later soil mobilization. The irrigation system was created from two water sources, and with two irrigation zones, by sprinkler and by drip, but the efficiency of the system was low, causing irregularities in the water supply. The control of pests such as cabbage altica or diseases such as Sclerotinia was not very effective, due to the reduced diversity of substances approved in organic production. The horticultural crops predominantly included were brassica, solanaceae, cucurbitaceae and asteraceae. The marketing of products was carried out through four main sales channels: restaurants, local accommodation, grocery stores and, most importantly, directed to the final consumer through the sale of vegetable baskets and home delivery or in a market settled on the land. The crops that presented fewer agronomical problems were cucurbits and lettuce, the crops that had the greatest demand by the consumer were cucurbits, especially watermelon and pumpkin, and solanaceous.N/

Caracterización del flujo del río moche en la desembocadura con el océano pacífico

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene el objetivo de Caracterizar el flujo del río moche en la desembocadura con el océano pacifico ante una avenida extraordinaria para así determinar el rango de daños en las posibles áreas de inundación. Teniendo en cuenta el estado actual y pasado de rio moche, su topografía en el tramo aguas abajo del rio moche desde el puente moche hasta la desembocadura del rio, su estudio de suelos, los caudales y su modelamiento en el programa Iber. Para esto se realizó una visita de campo al sector conociendo el estado actual del rio moche además de hacer de la recopilación fotográfica de los diferentes estados del rio a través del tiempo. Mediante el uso de un dron y GPS diferencial se hizo el levantamiento topográfico el cual nos dio una pendiente de 0.003 m/m, se hicieron calicatas para obtener la granulometría y el d 50 = 0.39 del estudio de suelos, se obtuvieron datos de caudales del rio moche registrados desde el año 1950 procesándolos en el programa Hidroesta para así obtener un caudal de diseño con respecto a diferentes periodos de retorno (50,100,500 años) posteriormente realizamos un modelamiento bidimensional a través del programa Iber. Con lo antes misionado se concluye que el modelamiento numérico que se realizó con el Software Iber, en el cual se verifico que en la zona de estudio el flujo no tiende a irse a la margen izquierda, asimismo no genera una zona de inestabilidad cerca a la desembocadura además que al aplicarle los diques al modelo no presenta inundación para ningún caudal de los diferentes periodos de retorno.The present research work has the objective of characterizing the flow of the moche river in the mouth with the pacific ocean before an extraordinary avenue to determine the range of damages in the possible flood areas. Taking into account the current and past state of Rio Moche, its topography in the stretch downstream of the river Moche from the Moche bridge to the mouth of the river, its study of soils, flows and modeling in the Iber program. For this, a field visit was made to the sector knowing the current state of the Moche river as well as making the photographic compilation of the different states of the river through time. Through the use of a drone and differential GPS, the topographic survey was made, which gave us a slope of 0.003 m / m, pits were made to obtain the granulometry and d 50 = 0.39 of the soil study, data of water flow were obtained rio moche registered since 1950, processing them in the Hidroesta program in order to obtain a design flow with respect to different return periods (50,100,500 years) later, we carried out a twodimensional modeling through the Iber program. With the previous mission, it is concluded that the numerical modeling was done with the Iber Software, in which it was verified that in the study area the flow does not tend to go to the left margin, also does not generate an area of instability near the In addition, when the levees are applied to the model, there is no flood for any flow of the different return periods.Tesi

Association of high-sensitive C-reactive protein with advanced stage beta-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. One laboratory marker for cardiovascular risk assessment is high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods: This cross-sectional study attempted to analyze the association of hsCRP levels with insulin resistance, beta-cell dysfunction and macrovascular disease in 4270 non-insulin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes {[}2146 male, 2124 female; mean age +/- SD, 63.9 +/- 11.1 years; body mass index (BMI) 30.1 +/- 5.5 kg/m(2); disease duration 5.4 +/- 5.6 years; hemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) 6.8 +/- 1.3% ]. It consisted of a single morning visit with collection of a fasting blood sample. Observational parameters included several clinical scores and laboratory biomarkers. Results: Stratification into cardiovascular risk groups according to hsCRP levels revealed that 934 patients had low risk (hsCRP < 1 mg/L), 1369 patients had intermediate risk (hsCRP 1-3 mg/L), 1352 patients had high risk (hsCRP > 3-10 mg/ L), and 610 patients had unspecific hsCRP elevation ( > 10 mg/ L). Increased hsCRP levels were associated with other indicators of diabetes-related cardiovascular risk (homeostatic model assessment, intact proinsulin, insulin, BMI, beta-cell dysfunction, all p < 0.001), but showed no correlation with disease duration or glucose control. The majority of the patients were treated with diet (34.1%; hsCRP levels 2.85 +/- 2.39 mg/L) or metformin monotherapy (21.1%; 2.95 +/- 2.50 mg/L hsCRP). The highest hsCRP levels were observed in patients treated with sulfonylurea (17.0%; 3.00 +/- 2.43 mg/ L). Conclusions: Our results indicate that hsCRP may be used as a cardiovascular risk marker in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and should be evaluated in further prospective studies

Curiosidades y anécdotas de la historia de México : compilación de anécdotas

1 archivo PDF (198 páginas) : incluye ilustracionesEl Área y Cuerpo Académico de Historia y Cultura en México presenta Curiosidades y anécdotas de la historia de México, obra constituida por una recopilación de relatos breves sobre la historia de México de los siglos XIX y XX. Los textos que la integran pueden situarse en el terreno de la historia, pero de aquella historia que refiere pequeños detalles relacionados con personajes, circunstancias, costumbres o curiosidades, los cuales ofrecen nuevas perspectivas sobre diversos temas de la historia nacional. La dispersión de temas y variaciones de los microrrelatos que componen la obra es amplia: comprende aspectos biográficos de personas preeminentes, aunque también de individuos anónimos, asuntos relacionados con usos y costumbres, así como descripciones de cuestiones que podrían catalogarse de triviales, pero que no dejan de proporcionar información sobre alguna etapa del suceder histórico nacional. Como su título lo menciona, Curiosidades y anécdotas de la historia de México incluye tanto curiosidades como anécdotas históricas. Las curiosidades remiten a relatos interesantes por raros o poco conocidos y pueden estar insertas en diversos tipos de géneros. Las anécdotas forman la parte más sobresaliente en la obra; por su naturaleza, se mueven entre la literatura y la historia, y vienen a ser fuente de motivación para cualquier lector

Outcomes, controversies and gastric volume after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the treatment of obesity

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a surgical procedure for the treatment of morbid obesity. However, there are still controversies regarding its efficiency in terms of weight reduction and incidence of complications. In this prospective study, the experience is presented of a referral centre for the treatment of morbid obesity with laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.Material and methodsA prospective study on 73 patients subjected to laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from February 2009 to September 2013. Patients were followed-up for a period of 12 months, evaluating the development of complications, reduction of gastric volume, and the weight loss associated with the surgery, as well as their impact on the improvement of comorbidities present at beginning of the study.ResultsThere was a statistically a significantly reduction between the preoperative body mass index (BMI) and the BMI at 12 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (p<0.001), despite there being an increase in the gastric volume during follow-up, measured at one month and 12 months after surgery (p<0.001). Five patients (6.85%) had complications, with none of them serious and with no deaths in the whole series.ConclusionsLaparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a safe and effective technique for the treatment of morbid obesity. Its use is associated with a significant reduction in the presence of comorbidities associated with obesity. Multicentre studies with a longer period of monitoring are required to confirm the efficacy and safety of this surgical technique

Circulating miR-141-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-200c-3p are differentially expressed in colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the prominent causes of cancer related deaths because, in part, there is not an early, non-invasive, effective detection strategy. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been proposed as potential non-invasive biomarkers for CRC. In this study, we evaluated the miRNA profile in sixteen CRC tissues by Next‑Generation‑Sequencing and compared the circulating expression levels of 22 miRNAs among 45 CRC, 14 hyperplastic polyps, 11 advanced adenoma patients and 45 control subjects, by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR, to search for miRNAs which could be potential biomarkers. In total, nine of them represented 70% of total read counts (miR‑10a‑5p, miR‑192‑5p, miR‑10b‑5p, miR‑22‑3p, miR‑26a‑5p, miR‑148a‑3p, miR‑181a‑5p, miR‑92a‑3p and miR‑143‑5p). In silico analysis found eight candidates to mature miRNAs. With respect to circulating miRNA, we found higher serum expression levels of miR‑143‑3p, miR‑141‑3p and miR‑200c‑3p in the CRC and adenoma groups compared with controls (P<0.002), and we also found significant higher levels of miR‑141‑3p and miR‑200c‑3p in serum of adenoma patients compared with the CRC group. In conclusion, the measurement of miRNAs in the blood could complement current screening methods for CRC and might provide new insights into mechanisms of tumorigenesis. miR‑143‑3p, miR‑141‑3p and miR‑200c‑3p could be interesting miRNAs to study as potential biomarkers for CRC