Embodied pollution in Spanish household consumption: a disaggregate analysis

In this paper we apply an environmentally extended input-output model to analyse a specific issue related to the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis. The purpose is to study whether the consumption structure ofwealthier households has a positive effect on the reduction of environmental pressures. Combining information from different databases, we analysed the impact of the consumption of Spanish households in 2000 on atmospheric pollution. We considered nine gases: the six greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O, SF6, HFCs, and PFCs) and three other gases (SO2, NOx, and NH3). We classified households by quintiles of per capita expenditure and equivalent expenditure. We found that there was a positive and very high relationship between the level of expenditure and direct and indirect emissions generated by household consumption; however, the emission intensities tended to decrease with the expenditure level for the various atmospheric pollutants, with the exception of SF6, HFCs and PFCs.input-output analysis, atmospheric pollution, environmental, spain, consumption patterns, kuznets curve

Environmental Structural Decomposition Analysis of Italian Emissions, 1995-2005

This study analyses the evolution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and acidification emissions for Italy in the years 1995-2005. Looking at data, while emissions that contribute to the local problem of acidification have been decreasing quite constantly, GHG emissions have been showing a slight increase due to the rise of carbon dioxide. The aim is therefore to highlight how different economic factors have driven the evolution of Italian emissions. The main factors considered are economic growth, the development of a technology allowing a more environment-friendly way of production, and the structure of consumption. The methodology proposed is a structural decomposition analysis (SDA), a method that permits to decompose the changes of the variable of interest among different driving forces and to reveal the relevance of each factor. Moreover, the analysis considers the relevance of international trade and it tries to deal with the problem of responsibility. That is, through international trade relationships a country could be exporting polluting production processes without a real reduction of the pollution implied in its consumption pattern. For this purpose, the SDA is firstly applied to the emissions caused by domestic production. This corresponds to a production-based approach (PBA). Successively, the analysis moves toward a consumption-based approach (CBA) and the decomposition is applied to emissions related to domestic production or foreign production that satisfies domestic demand. In this way the exercise allows a first check of the importance of international trade and it highlights some results at global as well at sector level that can indicate in which direction further analysis should be carried on.problem of responsibility., namea data, structural decomposition analysis

Building a Social Accounting Matrix within the ESA95 Framework: Obtaining a Dataset for Applied General Equilibrium Modelling

This research provides a description of the process followed in order to assemble a Social Accounting Matrix for Spain corresponding to the year 2000 (SAMSP00). As argued in the paper, this process attempts to reconcile ESA95 conventions with requirements of applied general equilibrium modelling. Particularly, problems related to the level of aggregation of net taxation data, and to the valuation system used for expressing the monetary value of input-output transactions have deserved special attention. Since the adoption of ESA95 conventions, input-output transactions have been preferably valued at basic prices, which impose additional difficulties on modellers interested in computing applied general equilibrium models. This paper addresses these difficulties by developing a procedure that allows SAM-builders to change the valuation system of input-output transactions conveniently. In addition, this procedure produces new data related to net taxation information.input-output transactions, esa95 conventions, valuation system, net taxation on products, applied general equilibrium analysis, social accounting matrix

Income Growth and Atmospheric Pollution in Spain: An Input-Output Approach

The relationships between economic growth and environmental pressures are complex. Since the early nineties, the debate on these relationships has been strongly influenced by the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis, which states that during the first stage of economic development environmental pressures increase as per capita income increases, but once a critical turningpoint has been reached these pressures diminish as income levels continue to increase. However, to date such a delinking between economic growth and emission levels has not happened for most atmospheric pollutants in Spain. The aim of this paper is to analyse the relationship between income growth and nine atmospheric pollutants in Spain. In order to obtain empirical outcomes for this analysis, we adopt an input-output approach and use NAMEA data for the nine pollutants. First, we undertake a structural decomposition analysis for the period 1995-2000 to estimate the contribution of various factors to changes in the levels of atmospheric emissions. And second, we estimate the emissions associated with the consumption patterns of different groups of households classified according to their level of expenditure.environmental kuznets curve, income growth, atmospheric pollution, input-output analysis, spain

Dificultad de aprendizaje de Dislexia en alumnos de una institución educativa primaria del distrito de Cotaruse, Aymaraes - Apurimac 2023

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar las dificultades que presentan los niños y niñas con dislexia en una Institución Educativa del Distrito de Cotaruse, la cual comprende como enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, diseño no experimental y nivel descriptivo. La técnica aplicada fue a través de encuestas, los instrumentos empleados fueron cuestionarios escritos dirigidos a docentes de cada grado. La muestra se enfocó a 51 estudiantes de primero y segundo grado de primaria. La información se recogió a través de 2 cuestionarios; el primero compuesto por 10 interrogantes para determinar los problemas de dislexia y el segundo compuesto por 14 interrogantes para determinar los problemas de aprendizaje. Ambos instrumentos debidamente validados por expertos en el tema. La investigación según la estadística descriptiva concluyó que existen dificultades de aprendizaje debido a la dislexia, la cual concuerda con la hipótesis alterna, el cual menciona que la dislexia si incide significativamente en el aprendizaje de los niños y niñas de una institución educativa del distrito de Cotaruse

An ESCRT module is required for neuron pruning

Neural circuits are refined by both functional and structural changes. Structural remodeling by large-scale pruning occurs where relatively long neuronal branches are cut away from their parent neuron and removed by local degeneration. Until now, the molecular mechanisms executing such branch severing events have remained poorly understood. Here, we reveal a role for the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery during neuronal remodeling. Our data show that a specific ESCRT pruning module, including members of the ESCRT-I and ESCRT-III complexes, but not ESCRT-0 or ESCRT-II, are required for the neurite scission event during pruning. Furthermore we show that this ESCRT module requires a direct, in vivo, interaction between Shrub/CHMP4B and the accessory protein Myopic/HD-PTP

Amine grafted mesoporous silica por CO2 capture

Three-aminopropyltriethoxysilane modified MCM-41 mesoporous silicas were synthesized by grafting the organic groups on the support surface, using different molar ratios of SiO2:Aminosilane. The synthesized solids were characterized by N2 adsorption, XRD, FTIR and TG-DTA. MCM-41 has a specific surface area of about 1500 m2/g, while that of the functionalized materials falls around 600 m2/g, showing a tendency to decrease as the content of the functionalizing agent grows. The N2 adsorption isotherms of pure and functionalized materials are characteristic of mesoporous type IV materials. The structural properties were studied by FTIR and XRD. TG-DTA studies allow analyzing the thermal stability of the materials and determining the deposited amine content. The aminosilane modified mesoporous silica materials increase the CO2 adsorption capacity compared to that of the pure MCM-41. The results obtained are well interpreted by Freundlich physicochemical model and the model parameters show a linear correlation with APTES molar content in the samples.Fil: Serrano, Melisa Romina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cuesta Zapata, Pablo Martín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas; ArgentinaFil: Gonzo, Elio Emilio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Parentis, Monica Liliana. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ingeniería. Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química; Argentin

Public Health Campaigns to Change Industry Practices That Damage Health: An Analysis of 12 Case Studies

Industry practices such as advertising, production of unsafe products, and efforts to defeat health legislation play a major role in current patterns of U.S. ill health. Changing these practices may be a promising strategy to promote health. The authors analyze 12 campaigns designed to modify the health-related practices of U.S. corporations in the alcohol, automobile, food and beverage, firearms, pharmaceutical, and tobacco industries. The objectives are to examine the interactions between advocacy campaigns and industry opponents; explore the roles of government, researchers, and media; and identify characteristics of campaigns that are effective in changing health-damaging practices. The authors compared campaigns that operate at different levels of organization and use different strategies. Findings suggest that many campaigns achieve policy or mobilization outcomes that may contribute to improved health; local campaigns may be more effective than national ones; and advocates frequently frame their campaigns on the themes of children\u27s health and social justice