Contribution of sun exposure to the vitamin D dose received by various groups of the Spanish population

[EN] Although the harmful effects of excessive exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation are well known, the recommended dose of UV radiation is beneficial for the synthesis of vitamin D by the skin, in addition to being useful in the treatment of various illnesses and mental problems. Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D performs important functions in the human organism, such as absorbing calciumand phosphorous and contributing to the immune system, among others. Several studies have found that a high percentage of various groups of the Spanish population suffer from vitamin D deficiency, and since very few natural foods contain vitamin D, it was considered important to determine whether groups such as schoolchildren, outdoor workers and athletes, receive enough solar radiation to produce adequate levels of vitamin D in their daily activities. It was found that the amount of vitamin D (in IU) produced by personal effective solar UV doses could exceed the recommended dose of 1000 IU/day in spring and summer, while the winter estimate (about 220 IU/day) is only one quarter of the recommended dose. These results suggest that most people would not receive the recommended daily vitamin D dose in winter from exposure to solar UV radiation, the main source of vitamin D.The study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within Project CGL2010-15931/CLI and by the Generalitat Valenciana in the PROMETEO/2010/064 Project.Serrano, M. (2018). Contribution of sun exposure to the vitamin D dose received by various groups of the Spanish population. The Science of The Total Environment. 619:545-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.036S54555161

Erythemal Ultraviolet Exposure of Cyclists in Valencia, Spain

[EN] UV exposure is considered to be one of the most important risk factors in skin cancers, mainly in outdoor occupational or recreational activities. Outdoor athletes such as cyclists receive regular and significant solar UV erythemal radiation (UVER). The aim of this work was to quantify UVER exposure of amateur cyclists over the course of several days in their training schedules. To quantify UVER exposure of this group, dosimeters (Viospor) were attached at the top of the helmet in the course of their training. The study took place in Valencia, Spain, in June to July 2008 and February to March 2009, and involved a group of five cyclists over a period of 4 days for each period. The mean 2-day personal UV exposure was 32.24 +/- 4.14 SED (standard erythema dose) in summer and 11.30 +/- 5.36 SED in the winter period. One SED is defined as an effective radiant exposure of 100 J m-2 when weighted with the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) erythemal response function. The mean exposure ratio (ER) of cyclists was 0.37 +/- 0.04 in summer and 0.40 +/- 0.11 in winter. The cyclists received the highest UVER exposure in the summer period, but in both training periods UVER exposure was in excess of occupational and recreational guidelines, indicating that protective measures are very necessary.The authors thank the members of the UPV Cycle Club for their cooperation in this study. We also thank the State Agency for Meteorology and the Generalitat Valenciana for providing us with access to their meteorological data. We would like to thank the R&D and innovation Linguistic Assistance Office, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), for granting financial support for the linguistic revision of this paper. The research reported here was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within the research project CGL2007-61813.Serrano, M.; Cañada, J.; Moreno, J. (2010). Erythemal Ultraviolet Exposure of Cyclists in Valencia, Spain. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 86(3):716-721. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00693.xS71672186

Erythemal ultraviolet exposure in two groups of outdoor workers in Valencia, Spain

[EN] UV exposure is considered to be one of the most important risk factors in skin cancers, mainly in outdoor occupational activities. Outdoor workers receive regular and significant solar UV erythemal radiation (UVER). To quantify the UVER exposure of certain groups of workers, dosimeters are used to measure the biologically effective UV radiation received in the course of their daily work. Two groups of outdoor workers, composed of gardeners and lifeguards, were measured for UVER exposure using sensitive spore-film filter-type personal dosimeters (Viospor). The study took place in Valencia, Spain, in June and July 2008, and involved one group of four gardeners and another of five beach lifeguards for a period of 4 and 6 days, respectively. The gardeners' mean UV exposure was 4.13 +/- 0.60 SED day(-1), where 1 SED is defined as effective 100 J m(-2) when weighted with the CIE erythemal response function, whereas the lifeguards received 11.43 +/- 2.15 SED day(-1). The mean exposure ratio (ER) relative to ambient of gardeners was 0.09 +/- 0.01 and for lifeguards was 0.27 +/- 0.05. ER is defined as the ratio between the personal dose on a selected anatomical site and the corresponding ambient dose on a horizontal plane during the same exposure period. The lifeguards received the highest UVER exposure, although both groups had measured UVER exposure in excess of occupational guidelines, indicating that protective measures are necessary.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within the research project CGL2007-61813. The authors thank the gardening staff of the UPV and the lifeguards and staff of the Red Cross for their cooperation in this study. We also thank the State Agency for Meteorology and the Generalitat Valenciana for providing us with access to their meteorological data. We finally thank the R&D&D&I Linguistic Assistance Office, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), for granting financial support for the linguistic revision of this paper.Serrano, MA.; Cañada, J.; Moreno, J. (2009). Erythemal ultraviolet exposure in two groups of outdoor workers in Valencia, Spain. Photochemistry and Photobiology. 85(6):1468-1473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2009.00609.x1468147385

Ultraviolet exposure for different outdoor sports in Valencia, Spain

"This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Serrano, M.-A., Cañada, J. and Moreno, J. C. (2011), Ultraviolet exposure for different outdoor sports in Valencia, Spain. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, 27: 311–317., which has been published in final form at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00620.x. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving."Borrar Background: The purpose of this study is to quantify ultraviolet (UV) exposure of several groups of amateur athletes in their training or recreational schedules. Methods: The athletes were monitored using dosimeters (VioSpor).The study took place in Valencia, Spain, from May to July 2010, and involved a group of 10 mountaineers, four tennis players and five runners. Results: The mean daily personal UV exposure for mountaineers was 9.48±3.23 standard erythema dose (SED). The tennis players received a mean of 10.65±1.57 SED for every 2days of training, and the runners received a mean of 7.62±4.28 SED for every 5days of training. Conclusion: Mountaineers received a higher dose of UV exposure and have a higher exposure ratio than the tennis players, probably because they spent more time outdoors. However, the runners received a low dose of UV exposure, perhaps because their training takes place in the evening. Mean daily UV exposure of the mountaineers and tennis players exceeded 5 SED, which means that, in the case of non-sun-adapted skin type III and the non-use of sun protection, erythema may be induced in these subjects. Accordingly, it is necessary to encourage the use of high protection sunscreens and protective clothing, and to avoid UV exposure in the hottest part of the day.The translation of this paper was funded by the UPV, Spain. This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science as part of research project CGL2010-15931 and the Generalitat Valenciana as part of project PROMETEO/2010/064.Serrano Jareño, MA.; Cañada, J.; Moreno, J. (2011). Ultraviolet exposure for different outdoor sports in Valencia, Spain. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine. 27:311-317. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00620.xS3113172

Erythemal ultraviolet solar radiation doses received by young skiers

Children are a special group since epidemiological evidence indicates that excessive exposure to sunlight at an early age increases the risk of skin cancer in later life. The purpose of this study is to quantify children s UV exposure when skiing, using dosimeters (VioSpor) placed on the shoulders of 10 participants. The children received a median daily Standard Erythema Dose of 2.1 within a range of 4.9 0.71, this being approximately 35% of the calculated 24 h ambient UV radiation on the horizontal plane. According to the results obtained, young skiers are exposed to UV radiation that can potentially cause skin damage and erythema and increase the risk of skin cancer in the course of a lifetime. These findings emphasise the need for adequate protective measures against solar radiation when skiing. The results also suggest that sun-protection campaigns should be undertaken aimed at children engaged in outdoor sports, including winter activities.This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within the research project CGL2010-15931 and the Generalitat Valenciana within project PROMETEO/2010/064.Serrano Jareño, MA.; Cañada, J.; Moreno, J. (2013). Erythemal ultraviolet solar radiation doses received by young skiers. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 12(11):1976-1983. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3pp50154j19761983121

Influencia del litio sobre la secreción adrenomedular de catecolaminas

Tesis doctoral inédita leída en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica. Fecha de lectura: 19 de Diciembre de 1989

Trabajo Fin de Grado, ¿oportunidad o trámite?

La transformación de las antiguas Diplomaturas en Grados plantea una nueva experiencia docente en las Facultades de Educación, el Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG). Aunque se trata de una experiencia relativamente novedosa, la experiencia acumulada durante los dos primeros años permite analizar algunas de las dificultades planteadas, así como las posibilidades que el TFG ofrece para la formación docente. En el caso de las titulaciones de Maestro en Educación Infantil y Primaria que se imparten en la Facultad de Educación de Albacete (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha), de la tutorización de 13 TFGs y de la evaluación de otros 16, se presentan una serie de reflexiones y recomendaciones para que el TFG contribuya a la elaboración de saber docente

Organic acids, sugars, antioxidant activity, sensorial and other fruit characteristics of nine traditional Spanish Citrus fruits

The knowledge of the beneficial health properties of underutilised varieties of fruits is very valuable for the conservation of plant genetic diversity and agricultural development. The colour, weight, morphological parameters and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the edible tissues of nine traditional Citrus fruits, three mandarin varieties, three lemon varieties, ‘Dulce’ lime, ‘Cimboba’ and ‘Blanco’ grapefruit was quantified. In addition, other fruit quality properties, such as organic acids and sugar concentrations in the Citrus juices were analysed, and the evaluation of organoleptic attributes, such as sweetness, aroma, firmness, lack of bitterness, overall impression and notable feature of fruits, was performed by a sensory panel. Results show significant differences among Citrus species and varieties of the analysed parameters. Analysis of the weight of the whole fruit and its edible tissues showed that the relative proportion of each fruit tissue was similar for all the studied Citrus species and varieties. on the other hand, ‘Autóctona’ mandarin and ‘Fino’ and ‘Sanguino’ lemons showed the highest TAA, while the ones most appreciated by consumers according to the sensory panel results were ‘Dulce’ lime followed by ‘Sanguino’ lemon, which could be due to their high fructose concentration and original colour, respectively. The utilisation of certain traditional Citrus species and varieties, such as’Mandarin’ and ‘Autoctona’ mandarins, ‘Sanguino’ lemon and ‘Dulce’ lime, of the south-east of Spain in future breeding programmes to increase agricultural biodiversity. In addition, the consumption of traditional varieties of Citrus fruits with high antioxidant activity would improve the beneficial effect of fruits in human health

Solar UV exposure of Primary Schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain

[EN] To quantify schoolchildren's exposure to ultraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER), personal dosimeters (VioSpor) were used to measure biologically effective ultraviolet (UV) radiation received in the course of their daily school activities. The study took place in two primary schools in Valencia (39 degrees 28'N), Spain, for several weeks from March 2008 until May 2009, with two age groups (6-8 years and 10-11 years) and involved about 47 schoolchildren. The median daily UV exposure values for all age groups and solar height intervals considered in the study ranged from 1.31 to 2.11 standard erythemal doses (SEDs). Individual UV exposure was analyzed as a function of age, gender and dosimeter position. Significant statistical differences were found between different age groups, with the younger age group receiving higher statistically significant UVER exposure. It was also found that boys received significantly higher UVER exposure than girls. It was also noted that shoulder dosimeters registered higher readings than wrist dosimeters. Exposure ratio (ER) is defined as the ratio between the personal dose on a selected anatomical site and the corresponding ambient dose on a horizontal plane. The median ER for all age groups and solar height intervals in the study range from 4.5% to 10.7%, with higher values at lower solar heights.We would like to thank the R&D&I Linguistic Assistance Office, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia (Spain), for granting financial support for the proof-reading of this paper. The research reported here was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within the research project CGL2007-61813.Serrano, M.; Cañada, J.; Moreno Esteve, J. (2011). Solar UV exposure of Primary Schoolchildren in Valencia, Spain. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences. 10(4):1-523. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0PP00153HS1523104IARC, IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans: solar and ultraviolet radiation, Lyon, 2000, 55Armstrong, B. K., & Kricker, A. (2001). The epidemiology of UV induced skin cancer. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology, 63(1-3), 8-18. doi:10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00198-1B. Armstrong , How sun exposure causes skin cancer: an epidemiological perspective, In Prevention of Skin Cancer, ed by D. Hill, J. M. Elwood and D. R. English, Kluwer Academic, 2005, pp. 89-116Østerlind, A., Tucker, M. A., Stone, B. J., & Jensen, O. M. (1988). The Danish case-control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Importance of UV-light exposure. International Journal of Cancer, 42(3), 319-324. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910420303Oliveria, S. A. (2005). Sun exposure and risk of melanoma. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 91(2), 131-138. doi:10.1136/adc.2005.086918Wright, C. Y., & Reeder, A. I. (2005). Youth Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure, Concurrent Activities and Sun-protective Practices: A Review. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 81(6), 1331. doi:10.1562/2005-8-19-ir-655Guy, C., Diab, R., & Martincigh, B. (2003). Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure of Children and Adolescents in Durban, South Africa¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 77(3), 265. doi:10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0772.0.co;2DIFFEY, B. L., GIBSON, C. J., HAYLOCK, R., & McKINLAY, A. F. (1996). Outdoor ultraviolet exposure of children and adolescents. British Journal of Dermatology, 134(6), 1030-1034. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07937.xKimlin, M., & Parisi, A. (2001). Usage of real-time ultraviolet radiation data to modify the daily erythemal exposure of primary schoolchildren. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 17(3), 130-135. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2001.170305.xGies, P., Roy, C., Toomey, S., MacLennan, R., & Watson, M. (1998). Solar UVR Exposures of Primary School Children at Three Locations in Queensland. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 68(1), 78-83. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1998.tb03255.xWright, C. Y., Reeder, A. I., Bodeker, G. E., Gray, A., & Cox, B. (2007). Solar UVR Exposure, Concurrent Activities and Sun-Protective Practices Among Primary Schoolchildren. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 83(3), 749-758. doi:10.1562/2006-08-22-ra-1010Ono, M., Munakata, N., & Watanabe, S. (2005). UV Exposure of Elementary School Children in Five Japanese Cities¶. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 81(2), 437. doi:10.1562/2004-09-06-ra-307.1Thieden, E., Philipsen, P. A., Heydenreich, J., & Wulf, H. C. (2004). UV Radiation Exposure Related to Age, Sex, Occupation, and Sun Behavior Based on Time-Stamped Personal Dosimeter Readings. Archives of Dermatology, 140(2). doi:10.1001/archderm.140.2.197Boldeman, C., Dal, H., & Wester, U. (2004). Swedish pre-school children’s UVR exposure - a comparison between two outdoor environments. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 20(1), 2-8. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0781.2004.00069.xNorval, M., Cullen, A. P., de Gruijl, F. R., Longstreth, J., Takizawa, Y., Lucas, R. M., … van der Leun, J. C. (2007). The effects on human health from stratospheric ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change. Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, 6(3), 232. doi:10.1039/b700018aMoehrle, M., Dennenmoser, B., & Garbe, C. (2003). Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure. International Journal of Cancer, 103(6), 775-778. doi:10.1002/ijc.10884Moehrle, M., & Garbe, C. (2000). Personal UV Dosimetry by Bacillus subtilis Spore Films. Dermatology, 200(1), 1-5. doi:10.1159/000018306Moehrle, M., Heinrich, L., Schmid, A., & Garbe, C. (2000). Extreme UV Exposure of Professional Cyclists. Dermatology, 201(1), 44-45. doi:10.1159/000018428Thieden, E., Agren, M. S., & Wulf, H. C. (2000). The wrist is a reliable body site for personal dosimetry of ultraviolet radiation. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, 16(2), 57-61. doi:10.1034/j.1600-0781.2000.d01-4.xMunakata, N., Ono, M., & Watanabe, S. (1998). Monitoring of Solar-UV Exposure among Schoolchildren in Five Japanese Cities Using Spore Dosimeter and UV-coloring Labels. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research, 89(3), 235-245. doi:10.1111/j.1349-7006.1998.tb00554.xT. B. Fitzpatrick , M.Pathak, and J. A.Parrish, Protection of human skin against the effects of the sunburn ultraviolet (290-320 nm), In Sunlight and Man: Normal and Abnormal Photobiologic Responses, ed. by M. A. Pathak, L. C. Harber, M. Seiji and A. Kukita, University of Tokyo Press, Tokyo, 1974, p. 751Furusawa, Y., Quintern, L. E., Holtschmidt, H., Koepke, P., & Saito, M. (1998). Determination of erythema-effective solar radiation in Japan and Germany with a spore monolayer film optimized for the detection of UVB and UVA - results of a field campaign. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 50(5), 597-603. doi:10.1007/s002530051341World Health Organization, Global Solar UV Index: A Practical guide, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 2002Herlihy, E., Gies, P. H., Roy, C. R., & Jones, M. (1994). PERSONAL DOSIMETRY OF SOLAR UV RADIATION FOR DIFFERENT OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 60(3), 288-294. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1994.tb05106.xHOLMAN, C. D. J., GIBSON, I. M., STEPHENSON, M., & ARMSTRONG, B. K. (1983). Ultraviolet irradiation of human body sites in relation to occupation and outdoor activity: field studies using personal UVR dosimeters. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 8(3), 269-277. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01779.

Solar ultraviolet doses and vitamin D in a northern mid-latitude

Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is one of the most important factors in the development of skin cancer in human, solar erythema and skin aging. Nevertheless, numerous studies have shown the benefits of UV solar radiation in moderate doses, such as the reduction of blood pressure and mental health, treatment of various diseases, and the synthesis of vitamin D in the skin. This paper analyses data from solar ultraviolet erythemal (UVER) irradiance in W/m2 measured in a northern mid-latitude as Valencia (Spain) for the period 2003-2010. To estimate effective solar UV radiation in the production of vitamin D (UVD) we used the relationship proposed by McKenzie et al., 2009. It was obtained for one month for each season the minimum exposure time needed around solar noon and at 9 UTC and 15 UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) to obtain the recommended daily dose of 1000 IU. Also, it has been calculated time for erythema induction around solar noon for the same months. The median UVER daily dose during the summer months was 4000 J/m2day, and 700 J/m2day in winter. With regard to UVD, the median UVD daily dose in summer season was 7700 J/m2day, and in winter it was 1000 J/m2day. Around noon in January it takes more than two hours of solar exposure to obtain the recommended daily dose of vitamin D, whereas the rest of the year range between 7 minutes on July and 31 minutes on October. For the same months around noon, exposure times to produce erythema were obtained, these being of higher value to the previous. The results show that it is difficult to obtain the recommended vitamin D doses in winter in a northern mid-latitude, as the human body is almost entirely covered in this season.The research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science within research project CGL2010-15931/CLI and by the Generalitat Valenciana within the project PROMETEO/2010/064.María-Antonia Serrano; Cañada, J.; Moreno, J.; Gurrea-Ysasi, G. (2017). Solar ultraviolet doses and vitamin D in a northern mid-latitude. Science of the Total Environment. 574:744-750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.102S74475057