Capim braquiaria.

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Novos «critérios refinados» eletrocardiográficos na avaliação de atletas

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fine-scale genetic breaks driven by historical rangedynamics and ongoing density-barrier effects in theestuarine seaweed Fucus ceranoides L.

Factors promoting the emergence of sharp phylogeographic breaks include restricted dispersal, habitat discontinuity, physical barriers, disruptive selection, mating incompatibility, genetic surfing and secondary contact. Disentangling the role of each in any particular system can be difficult, especially when species are evenly distributed across transition zones and dispersal barriers are not evident. The estuarine seaweed Fucus ceranoides provides a good example of highly differentiated populations along its most persistent distributional range at the present rear edge of the species distribution, in NW Iberia. Intrinsic dispersal restrictions are obvious in this species, but have not prevented F. ceranoides from vastly expanding its range northwards following the last glaciation, implying that additional factors are responsible for the lack of connectivity between neighbouring southern populations. In this study we analyze 22 consecutive populations of F. ceranoides along NW Iberia to investigate the processes generating and maintaining the observed high levels of regional genetic divergence. Results Variation at seven microsatellite loci and at mtDNA spacer sequences was concordant in revealing that Iberian F. ceranoides is composed of three divergent genetic clusters displaying nearly disjunct geographical distributions. Structure and AFC analyses detected two populations with an admixed nuclear background. Haplotypic diversity was high in the W sector and very low in the N sector. Within each genetic cluster, population structure was also pervasive, although shallower. Conclusions The deep divergence between sectors coupled with the lack of support for a role of oceanographic barriers in defining the location of breaks suggested 1) that the parapatric genetic sectors result from the regional reassembly of formerly vicariant sub-populations, and 2) that the genetic discontinuities at secondary contact zones (and elsewhere) are maintained despite normal migration rates. We conclude that colonization and immigration, as sources of gene-flow, have very different genetic effects. Migration between established populations is effectively too low to prevent their differentiation by drift or to smooth historical differences inherited from the colonization process. F. ceranoides, but possibly low-dispersal species in general, appear to be unified to a large extent by historical, non-equilibrium processes of extinction and colonization, rather than by contemporary patterns of gene flow.Peer Reviewe

La cultura de la ciberseguridad en las organizaciones portuguesas: un análisis exploratorio

Cybersecurity is currently one of the hottest topics for millions of organizations around the world. They depend on information technology to conduct their business processes that are exposed to wide range of security threats, and Portuguese organizations are no exception. How are these organizations taking a holistic approach to allow them to face and handle those threats with confidence? Are the proper technical mechanisms being put in place and are the appropriate information security skills and awareness programs implemented internally? How is all of this being handled by Portuguese organizations? This are some of the questions tackled on a survey addressed to directors of Portuguese organizations in order to map their current cybersecurity culture and corresponding processesLa ciberseguridad es actualmente uno de los temas más candentes para millones de organizaciones en todo el mundo. Dependen de la tecnología de la información para llevar a cabo sus procesos de negocio que están expuestos a una amplia gama de amenazas a la seguridad, y las organizaciones portuguesas no son una excepción. ¿Cómo estas organizaciones están adoptando un enfoque holístico para permitirles enfrentar y manejar esas amenazas con confianza? ¿Se están implementando los mecanismos técnicos adecuados y se implementan internamente las habilidades de seguridad de la información y los programas de concienciación adecuados? ¿Cómo es todo esto manejado por organizaciones portuguesas? Estas son algunas de las preguntas abordadas en una encuesta dirigida a directores de organizaciones portuguesas para trazar su actual cultura de ciberseguridad y los procesos correspondiente

Automated android malware detection using user feedback

The widespread usage of mobile devices and their seamless adaptation to each user’s needs through useful applications (apps) makes them a prime target for malware developers. Malware is software built to harm the user, e.g., to access sensitive user data, such as banking details, or to hold data hostage and block user access. These apps are distributed in marketplaces that host millions and therefore have their forms of automated malware detection in place to deter malware developers and keep their app store (and reputation) trustworthy. Nevertheless, a non-negligible number of apps can bypass these detectors and remain available in the marketplace for any user to download and install on their device. Current malware detection strategies rely on using static or dynamic app extracted features (or a combination of both) to scale the detection and cover the growing number of apps submitted to the marketplace. In this paper, the main focus is on the apps that bypass the malware detectors and stay in the marketplace long enough to receive user feedback. This paper uses real-world data provided by an app store. The quantitative ratings and potential alert flags assigned to the apps by the users were used as features to train machine learning classifiers that successfully classify malware that evaded previous detection attempts. These results present reasonable accuracy and thus work to help to maintain a user-safe environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Produção de matéria seca de novos germoplasmas forrageiros em quatro idades de corte em São João do Araguaia-PA.

bitstream/item/59274/1/CPATU-ComTec49.pd

Polymorphic microsatellite markers in the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus

Background: Fucus vesiculosus is a brown seaweed dominant on temperate rocky shores of the northern hemisphere and, is typically distributed in the mid-upper intertidal zone. It is an external fertilizer that reproduces sexually, providing an excellent model to address conflicting theories related to mating systems and sexual selection. Microsatellite markers have been reported for several Fucus species, however the genomic libraries from where these markers have been isolated, have originated from two or more species pooled together (F. vesiculosus and F. serratus in one library; F. vesiculosus, F. serratus and Ascophyllum nodosum in a second library), or when the genomic DNA originated from only one species it was from Fucus spiralis. Although these markers cross-amplify F. vesiculosus individuals, the level of polymorphism has been low for relatedness studies. Findings: The microsatellite markers described here were obtained from an enriched genomic library, followed by 454 pyrosequencing. A total of 9 microsatellite markers were tested across 44 individuals from the North of Portugal. The mean number of alleles across loci was 8.7 and the gene diversity 0.67. Conclusions: The high variability displayed by these microsatellite loci should be useful for paternity analysis, assessing variance of reproductive success and in estimations of genetic variation within and between populations.Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologi

Driving south: a multi-gene phylogeny of the brown algal family Fucaceae reveals relationships and recent drivers of a marine radiation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Understanding the processes driving speciation in marine ecosystems remained a challenge until recently, due to the unclear nature of dispersal boundaries. However, recent evidence for marine adaptive radiations and ecological speciation, as well as previously undetected patterns of cryptic speciation is overturning this view. Here, we use multi-gene phylogenetics to infer the family-level evolutionary history of Fucaceae (intertidal brown algae of the northern Pacific and Atlantic) in order to investigate recent and unique patterns of radiative speciation in the genus <it>Fucus </it>in the Atlantic, in contrast with the mainly monospecific extant genera.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We developed a set of markers from 13 protein coding genes based on polymorphic cDNA from EST libraries, which provided novel resolution allowing estimation of ancestral character states and a detailed reconstruction of the recent radiative history. Phylogenetic reconstructions yielded similar topologies and revealed four independent trans-Arctic colonization events by Fucaceae lineages, two of which also involved transitions from hermaphroditism to dioecy associated with Atlantic invasions. More recently, reversion of dioecious ancestral lineages towards hermaphroditism has occurred in the genus <it>Fucus</it>, particularly coinciding with colonization of more extreme habitats. Novel lineages in the genus <it>Fucus </it>were also revealed in association with southern habitats. These most recent speciation events occurred during the Pleistocene glaciations and coincided with a shift towards selfing mating systems, generally southward shifts in distribution, and invasion of novel habitats.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Diversification of the family occurred in the Late-Mid Miocene, with at least four independent trans-Artic lineage crossings coincident with two reproductive mode transitions. The genus <it>Fucus </it>arose in the Pliocene but radiated within a relatively short time frame about 2.5 million years ago. Current species distributions of <it>Fucus </it>suggest that climatic factors promoted differentiation between the two major clades, while the recent and rapid species radiation in the temperate clade during Pleistocene glacial cycles coincided with several potential speciation drivers.</p