Employment and Problems in Turkish Aquaculture Industry

Technical staff employment at fish farms is regulated by legislations and circulars in Turkey. However, it is frequently observed that those rules are not followed. This study deals with the resources of aquaculture production in Turkey and the actual employment situation in this area. Besides, current and ideal employees’ numbers were compared and current and ideal aquaculture engineers’ numbers in aquaculture industry were quoted. In this context, actual production, costs and fixed capital investment and sales over the last decade were assessed in relation to employment. The conclusion is that the employment problems related to the qualified workers will continue to increase in the coming years

Relationship between intracellular pathogens Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi infections and migraine

Aim: In this study, the serological values of our patients followed up with a diagnosis of migraine were compared with the results of healthy controls in terms of possible association with intracellular pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii and Borrelia burgdorferi. Methods: Fifty patients with migraine, randomly selected among migraine patients without any additional disease, who applied to Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital between January 1, 2015 and August 31, 2019 were included in the study. Fifty subjects without headache were included as control group. The history of infectious diseases of the patient and control groups (Toxoplasma gondii, Borrelia burgdorferi- causing Lyme disease) was determined by serological diagnostic methods. Results: The study group consisted of 64 women with a mean age of 45.5±13.1 (15-76) years. Migraine and control groups were found to be similar in terms of age (p=0.059) and gender (p=0.211) distributions. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii positivity in the migraine group was 28% (n=14) and 10% (n=5) in the control group. The frequency of Lyme was 19.6% (n=11) in the migraine group and 14.3% (n=8) in the control group. The frequency of Toxoplasma gondii positivity was statistically significantly higher in the migraine group (p=0.022), while the frequency of Lyme was found to be similar in the migraine and control groups (p=0.450). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that there are statistically significant differences between migraine and control groups only in terms of Toxoplasma gondii positivity rates, not Lyme. However, we believe that larger sample studies are needed to determine the detailed relationship between migraine and Toxoplasma gondii infection

Assessment of Fishery Products Consumption Behavior: the Case of Turkey

From the early history of humanity until today, fish and other fishery products have always been involved in human diet. The intake of a sufficient number of proteins has been enabled through high-quality fish meat containing a significant quantity of essential amino acids as well as omega-3 fatty acids. According to the studies, 150 grams of fish, meets the needs of a 50-60% of daily protein intake for an adult. A large part of fishery production in Turkey (86%), is consumed fresh. Turkey, within the scope of Common Fisheries Policy is trying to harmonize fisheries with the EU. A failure to update the 1380 coded Fisheries Law and rapid issuing of EU compatible regulations, safe food for consumers, high quality products along the year for processing industry and marketers, as well as the inability to ensure sustainable price development for the producers, prevent the success of the sector. The aim of this study was to determine the consumption behavior when taking fishery products in terms of food safety, reliability, product quality as well as the level of income and education

Median Distance Model for Likert-Type Items in Contingency Table Analysis

Likert-type items (questions) are a widely used scale in questionnaire design. The “neutral” or “undecided” option may lead to misinterpretation and confusion about the results. This paper proposes two novel log-linear models to measure how much accumulation of the neutral option over the contingency tables at any question levels. These models also test the odds that a respondent’s level how far from the median. These models will help the researchers how to incorporate the neutral option in conceptual frameworks

Association of myasthenia gravis and Behçet's disease: A case report

Myasthenia gravis is a disease of neuromuscular junction due to auto-immune destruction of the acetylcholine receptors. Behçet's disease, on the other hand, is a multisystemic vascular-inflammatory disease. Both conditions are not common in the general population although their association has not been reported in the literature. We wanted to present our patient who developed clinical course of myasthenia gravis following discontinuation of medications due to complications of corticosteroid for Behçet's disease. It was observed that clinical findings of myasthenia gravis recovered following restarting steroid treatment and he did not experience attacks of both conditions. Although Myasthenia gravis and Behçet's disease are distinct entities clinically as well as in terms of pathogenesis, they share common physiopathological features and their treatment is based on their common features

Immunohistochemical assessment of mda and 8-ohdg expression in the skin, lungs and kidneys of lambs naturally infected with sheeppox virus confirmed with pcr

This study aimed to assess the role of free radicals in the pathogenesis and progression of sheeppox with the immunohistochemical investigation of MDA and 8-OhdG expressions. The study material comprised of 24 lamb carcasses (suspected of being infected with sheeppox), which were referred to the Pathology Department for routine diagnosis, and 6 healthy lambs used for control purposes. Commercial MDA and 8-OHdG were used for labeling with the avidin-biotin-Peroxidase complex technique by the manufacturer"s instructions. By using PCR the correct-sized amplicon was obtained from eight of the samples. Characteristic pock nodules were detected in the skin, lung, and liver tissues. In histopathological examinations, sheeppox cells and Guarneri bodies, which are quite typical for the diagnosis of the disease, were found in the internal organs. All of the sheeppox-infected cases yielded positive results for MDA and 8-OHdG immunostainings. When compared to the control group, the sheeppoxinfected group displayed statistically higher levels of MDA and 8-OHdG expressions. In conclusion, increased MDA and 8-OHdG expressions in the visceral organs of lambs naturally infected with the sheeppox virus demonstrated that sheeppox is associated with the disruption of the antioxidant/oxidant balance and the occurrence of significant oxidative stress-induced damage to macromolecules such as lipids and the DNA. The positive correlation detected between the severity of the disease and the expression of these biomarkers showed that free radicals are actively involved in the development of pox lesions

Heterozygous Cc2d1a mice show sex-dependent changes in the Beclin-1/p62 ratio with impaired prefrontal cortex and hippocampal autophagy

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behaviors, lack of social interaction and communication. CC2D1A is identified in patients as an autism risk gene. Recently, we suggested that heterozygous Cc2d1a mice exhibit impaired autophagy in the hippocampus. We now report the analysis of autophagy markers (Lc3, Beclin and p62) in different regions hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus and cerebellum, with an overall decrease in autophagy and changes in Beclin-1/p62 ratio in the hippocampus. We observed sex-dependent variations in transcripts and protein expression levels. Moreover, our analyses suggest that alterations in autophagy initiated in Cc2d1a heterozygous parents are variably transmitted to offspring, even when the offspring's genotype is wild type. Aberration in the autophagy mechanism may indirectly contribute to induce synapse alteration in the ASD brain

Sex difference and intra-operative tidal volume: Insights from the LAS VEGAS study

BACKGROUND: One key element of lung-protective ventilation is the use of a low tidal volume (VT). A sex difference in use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) has been described in critically ill ICU patients.OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether a sex difference in use of LTVV also exists in operating room patients, and if present what factors drive this difference.DESIGN, PATIENTS AND SETTING: This is a posthoc analysis of LAS VEGAS, a 1-week worldwide observational study in adults requiring intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery in 146 hospitals in 29 countries.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Women and men were compared with respect to use of LTVV, defined as VT of 8 ml kg-1 or less predicted bodyweight (PBW). A VT was deemed 'default' if the set VT was a round number. A mediation analysis assessed which factors may explain the sex difference in use of LTVV during intra-operative ventilation.RESULTS: This analysis includes 9864 patients, of whom 5425 (55%) were women. A default VT was often set, both in women and men; mode VT was 500 ml. Median [IQR] VT was higher in women than in men (8.6 [7.7 to 9.6] vs. 7.6 [6.8 to 8.4] ml kg-1 PBW, P < 0.001). Compared with men, women were twice as likely not to receive LTVV [68.8 vs. 36.0%; relative risk ratio 2.1 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.1), P < 0.001]. In the mediation analysis, patients' height and actual body weight (ABW) explained 81 and 18% of the sex difference in use of LTVV, respectively; it was not explained by the use of a default VT.CONCLUSION: In this worldwide cohort of patients receiving intra-operative ventilation during general anaesthesia for surgery, women received a higher VT than men during intra-operative ventilation. The risk for a female not to receive LTVV during surgery was double that of males. Height and ABW were the two mediators of the sex difference in use of LTVV.TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01601223