Salivary Oxidative Status and the Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Multiple Sclerosis

Objective: To compare the oxidative status in saliva between patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and systemically healthy controls in the context of periodontal health and to evaluate whether salivary oxidative status correlates with the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Materials and Methods: A total of 184 volunteers, 92 with MS and 92 systemically healthy volunteers, participated in the study. Each person underwent medical, neurological, and oral examinations. Saliva samples were taken, and myeloperoxidase (MPO), lactoferrin (LF), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were determined. Results: There were no differences in the periodontal parameters between the patients with MS and the healthy volunteers (P > 0.05). The NLR was higher in the patients with MS than in the controls (P = 0.000). However, patients with MS had non-significantly lower MPO levels and higher LF, TOS, and OSI levels than the controls (P > 0.050). There was a significant decrease in TAOC levels in the MS group (P = 0.016). There were higher TOS levels in the periodontally healthy patients with MS and higher OSI levels in the periodontitis - stage 2 patients with MS than those in the matched controls. There were also higher TAOC levels in the periodontitis - stage 3 MS group (P < 0.050). There were positive correlations between MPO, TAOC levels and the probing depths, the clinical attachment levels (CALs) in the MS and control groups. While higher periodontal parameters and MPO levels were associated with increased disability factors, the CALs and the TAOC and MPO levels were elevated in those with longer disease durations (P < 0.050). Conclusion: The periodontal findings in the patients with MS are not different from those in healthy controls; however, increased MPO and decreased TAOC levels in saliva and higher NLRs in patients with MS indicate a prominent ongoing systemic inflammation despite altered immune surveillance

Synthesis and biological activity studies of some new hybrid compounds derived from antipyrine

WOS: 000377552600005N-Benzyl-N'-(1,5-dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl) urea (1) was obtained from antipyrine. The reaction of 1 with ethyl bromoacetate produced the 1,3-oxazole derivative 2. Compounds 5a-c were obtained from antipyrine by three steps via intermediary of the ester 3 and hydrazide 4. The microwave supported cyclocondensation of 5a-c with 4-chlorophenacyl bromide and ethyl bromoacetate afforded the corresponding 1,3-thiazoles 6 or 1,3-thia(oxa) zolidines 7. The intramolecular cyclization of 5a-c in the presence of NaOH produced the corresponding triazoles 8a-c. The synthesis of the hybrid compound 9 containing a penicillin skeleton was carried out by the treatment of 8a with (+)-6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-apa) in the presence of formaldehyde. The structural assignments of new compounds were based on their elemental analysis and spectral (IR, H-1-NMR, C-13-NMR and LC-MS) data. All compounds except 1 and 7b show moderate antimicrobial activity.Karadeniz Technical University, BAP, TurkeyKaradeniz Teknik University [8663, 8623]This work was supported by Karadeniz Technical University, BAP, Turkey (Ref. No. 8663 and 8623)

Synthesis of thiazole derivatives as antimicrobial agents by green chemistry techniques

Amines (2) and (26) were obtained from the condensation of the corresponding amines with 3,4-difluoronitrobenzene. The reduction of nitro group produced the corresponding amines (3 and 27). The synthesis of esters (7, 12, 19, 28) was carried out from the treatment of the amines, (1, 3, 18, 27) with ethyl bromoacetate, then these compounds were converted to the corresponding hydrazides (8, 13, 29) by the treatment with hydrazine hydrate. The triazole was obtained from the intramolecular cyclisation of the corresponding carbothioamide in basic media and this compound was then converted to the morpholine-triazole-penicillin hybrid by a mannich reaction. The cyclocondensation of hydrazine carbothioamides (9b, 14, 21) or urea (4) with 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenone generated the thiazole derivatives. On the other hand, the treatment of 4, 9b, and 14 with ethyl bromoacetate yielded 4-oxo-1,3-thiazolidines (6, 11, 16). Three methods containing conventional, microwave, and ultrasound-mediated techniques were applied. Best results were assessed using microwave-and ultrasound-promoted procedures. The structures of the newly synthesised compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques, and the antimicrobial activity screening studies were also performed. Some of them exhibited good to moderate activity on the test bacteria. © 2018, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved

AN ETHNOBOTANICAL STUDY IN KAHRAMANMARAS (TURKEY); WILD PLANTS USED FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSE IN ANDIRIN, KAHRAMANMARAS

In this study, 92 wild plant taxa belonging to 41 families that are used as medicine are documented in Andırın (Kahramanmaraş). The most encountered medicinal plant families were Labiatae (16 taxa), Compositae (15 taxa), Rosaceae (6 taxa), Liliaceae (4 taxa); the most common preparations were infusion and decoction. These folk medicinal plants are mostly used for treatment of kidney stones, colds and flu, analgesic, for skin diseases, cough and diabetes diseases. All settlements in Andırın township (52 villages) were visited during the field works. The plants that collected with folk medicinal plant user were identified and prepared voucher specimens were kept in the Herbarium of Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy (ISTE

Ethnobotanical studies of some Apiaceae plants in Kahramanmaras and a review of their phytochemical studies

Kahramanmaras is located in the South- East Anatolia Region of Turkey. It has a very rich flora, ca 2500 taxa 20% of which are endemic. This study is a master thesis which aims to identify the various folk usage of the plants in the Andirin (Kahramanmaras) district. As a result of this study, several ethnobotanical usages of 147 taxa, 10 of which are endemic, have been determined. Among them, 8 taxa (Apium nodiflorum (L.) Lag., Bunium paucifolium DC. var. junceum (Boiss.) Hedge & Lamond, Eryngium campestre L. var. virens Link., Ferula longipedunculata Pesmen, Ferulago cassia Boiss., Laser trilobum (L.) Borkh., Lecokia cretica (Lam.) DC., Smyrnium connatum Boiss & Kotschy) belong to Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family and are being used for medicinal purpose and food. Many phytochemical and biological activity studies of some of these species are exist. In the review part of this study the results of these studies were summarized

Herbal Drugs for Therapeutic Purposes, Which Sold in Herbalists in Adana, Turkey

WOS: 000467877800004Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used as a drug to prevent disease, maintain health and wellness in traditional and modern medicine for many years. Complementary medicine practices (Traditional, alternative, and supportive medicines) are still exist despite the developing modern medicine in the world at the present time. The patients have generally prepared their own formulations by using the medicinal plants obtained from herbalist. In addition, they can collect the medicinal plants from the nature or they can purchase it from the internet, tv channels, and call centers. In this study, 20 different herbal stores were visited in/around Adana. Overall, 142 different type of medicinal plant species was found being sold in these stores. The samples obtained from the herbal stores were examined under the stereo microscope to identify the scientific names and the using parts of the medicinal plants. We clarified that the samples have mostly been used to treat rheumatism, diabetes, heart diseases, urinary system diseases, cancer, and obesity. The results of the study showed that medicinal plants sold in herbal stores were kept under unsuitable storage conditions such as optimum temperature and humidity, without a standard packaging and label. As a conclusion, current conditions in the herbal stores and selling of the medicinal plants without any inspection are potential risk for public health

The ethnobotanical uses of Hyacinthaceae species growing in Turkey and a review of pharmacological activities

The Hyacinthaceae families have long been used in traditional medicine for a wide range of medicinal. applications. This, together with some significant toxicity to livestock has led to the chemical composition of many of the species being investigated. The Hyacinthaceae family has represented 9 genera and 140 taxa of which 77 are endemic to Turkey. Especially species of Hyacinthaceae family have been mostly used as medicinal, for the treatment of rheumatism, cardiac, urinary infection, dermatological, stomach, hemorrhoid and prostate disease. An overview of the accessible 59 ethnobotany articles and 27 phytochemistry articles published since 1979 up to 2015 has been carried out. The most important databases have been consulted. All related works have been examined. This study is a review having traditional uses belonging to Turkish species and pharmacological activities of the Hyacinthaceae family in the world

Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in a patient with bilateral optic disc drusen

Optic disc drusen (ODD) is the accumulations of calcified hyaline-like material within the substance of the optic nerve head. Optic disc drusen, especially if it is bilateral, may mimic the clinical presentation of papilledema. Usually retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning can be present in ODD. In this report we present uncommon RNFL changes in a patient with bilateral ODD. A 17-year-old male was referred by another center with a diagnosis of optic disc edema. The patient&#8217;s visual acuity, the slit-lamp examination and the intraocular pressures were normal in both eyes. On fundus examination, there were irregularly elevated discs bilaterally and the optic nerves appear with hazy disk margins. He did not have visual field defects in automated perimetry. Bilateral ODD were identified and confirmed by B-scan ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated 4 clock hours of RNFL thickening. Optic disc drusen may be misdiagnosed as papilledema. Thus, clinical suspicion of ODD is important in order to diagnose papilledema and prevents unnecessary interventions. Although most of eyes with ODD have normal or thinner RNFL thickness, some of these eyes can have thicker RNFL thickness