SELETIVIDADE DE CLETODIM, QUIZALOFOPE E IOXINILA APLICADOS ISOLADAMENTE OU EM MISTURA NA CEBOLA EZ5605

Knowledge of the selectivity of herbicides is fundamental for recommending of these products for weed control, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil, applied alone or in a mixture in the cultivar EZ5605 of onion. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design. The treatments applied in post-emergence were clethodim, quizalofop, ioxynil, clethodim + quizalofop, quizalofop + ioxynil and clethodim + quizalofop + ioxynil, with four pills. we know the phytotoxicity in plants, the height and dry mass of the leaves; and diameter and fresh mass in the bulbs. The herbicides caused symptoms of phytotoxicity in the cultivar, but at 28 days after application they were no longer present. No treatment affected shoot height and dry mass and bulb diameter and fresh mass, no treatment affected the height and dry mass of the aerial part and the diameter and fresh mass of the bulbs, indicating that the cultivar was tolerant to clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, ioxynil alone or in combination mixtures with each other, when applied in post-emergence. It is concluded that the evaluated herbicides and mixtures are selective for the onion cultivar EZ5605.O conhecimento da seletividade de herbicidas é fundamental para a recomendação desses produtos para o controle de plantas daninhas, desta forma objetivou-se com esse estudo avaliar a seletividade do cletodim, quizalofope e ioxinila, aplicados isoladamente ou em mistura na cultivar EZ5605 de cebola. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados. Os tratamentos aplicados em pós-emergência foram cletodim, quizalofope, ioxinila, cletodim + quizalofope, quizalofope + ioxinila e cletodim + quizalofope + ioxinila, com quatro repetições. Avaliou-se a fitotoxicidade nas plantas, a altura e massa seca das folhas; diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos. Os herbicidas causaram sintomas leves de fitotoxicidade na cultivar, porém aos 28 dias após aplicação os mesmos não estavam mais presentes. Nenhum tratamento afetou altura e massa seca da parte aérea e o diâmetro e massa fresca dos bulbos, indicando que a cultivar foi tolerante ao cletodim, quizalofope, ioxinila isoladamente ou em misturas de combinações entre si, quando aplicados em pós-emergência. Conclui-se que os herbicidas e misturas avaliados são seletivos para a cultivar EZ5605 de cebola. Palavras-chave: Allium cepa; controle químico; herbicida; tolerância.   Selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil applied alone or in mixture on onion EZ5605   ABSTRACT: Knowledge of the selectivity of herbicides is fundamental for recommending of these products for weed control, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the selectivity of clethodim, quizalafop and ioxynil, applied alone or in a mixture in the cultivar EZ5605 of onion. The experiment was carried out in the field, in a randomized block design. The treatments applied in post-emergence were clethodim, quizalofop, ioxynil, clethodim + quizalofop, quizalofop + ioxynil and clethodim + quizalofop + ioxynil, with four pills. we know the phytotoxicity in plants, the height and dry mass of the leaves; diameter and fresh mass in the bulbs. The herbicides caused symptoms of phytotoxicity in the cultivar, but at 28 days after application, they were no longer present. No treatment affected shoot height and dry mass and bulb diameter and fresh mass, no treatment affected the height and dry mass of the aerial part and the diameter and fresh mass of the bulbs, indicating that the cultivar was tolerant to clethodim, quizalofop-p-ethyl, ioxynil alone or in combination mixtures with each other, when applied in post-emergence. It is concluded that the evaluated herbicides and mixtures are selective for the onion cultivar EZ5605. Keywords: Allium cepa; chemical control; herbicide; tolerance

APLICAÇÃO DE CLOMAZONE E SULFENTRAZONE NO CONTROLE EM PÓS-EMERGÊNCIA TARDIA DE Merremia aegyptia E Panicum maximum

As espécies Merremia aegyptia e Panicum maximum são plantas daninhas extremante competidoras com as plantas cultivadas, assim necessitam de estratégias no seu controle me pós-emergência. Objetivo do trabalho foi testar a eficácia de doses de aplicações isoladas e em mistura de clomazone e/com sulfentrazone no controle de M. aegyptia e P. maximum em pós-emergência tardia. O experimento foi conduzido estufa, e o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2 x 8, sendo o primeiro fator duas espécies de plantas daninhas, M. aegyptia e P. maximum, e o segundo fator sete tratamentos de herbicidas isolados ou em mistura mais uma testemunha, sendo: T1 como testemunha; T2 - sulfentrazone 0,8 kg/ha; T3 - clomazone 1,26 kg/ha; T4 - sulfentrazone 0,4 kg/ha; T5 - clomazone 0,63 kg/ha; T6 - clomazone + sulfentrazone (0,63+0,4 kg/ha); T7 - clomazone + sulfentrazone (0,94 + 0,6 kg/ha) e T8 - clomazone + sulfentrazone (1,26 + 0,8 kg/ha), com quatro repetições, totalizando 64 parcelas, constituída por um vaso de cinco litros. Os efeitos dos tratamentos foram avaliados aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 DAA pela porcentagem de controle e determinação da massa seca das plantas. Os resultados demonstram que a mistura formulada dos herbicidas clomazone e sulfentrazone (0,94 + 0,6; 1,26 + 0,8 kg/ha) apresentaram efeito positivo no controle das espécies de plantas daninhas estudadas, com controle respectivamente aos 28 DAA, em média de 75,4% e 88%. A mistura, clomazone + sulfentrazone (1,26 + 0,8 kg/ha) controla as espécies Merremia aegyptia (76,5%, 28 DAA) como Panicum maximum (100%, 28 DAA). O clomazone isolado não é eficiente para o controle de ambas espécies

Spatial distribution of nymphs and adults of Euschistus heros (Fabricius, 1794) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles

The neotropical stink bug Euschistus heros is the predominant and most important insect pest affecting soybean cultivation. Knowledge of the spatial pattern of the pest in an area is critical to understanding its behavior. The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution of E. heros in transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles. The experiments were conducted in the seasons 2013/14 and 2014/15 in FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal, SP. Three fields were selected, and each was marked an area of 8.000 m2 (0.8 ha), with each area divided into 80 portions of 100 m2 (10 m x 10 m). The transgenic soybean cultivars of different maturing cycles were: SYN 1365 RR (early), M 7908 RR (average), and BRS Valiosa RR (late). Samples were taken weekly using a beat sheet, registering the number of nymphs and adults of E. heros. To study the dispersion of E. heros, the following indices were used: variance/mean ratio, Morisita index, Green coefficient, and the exponent k of the negative binomial distribution. For studies of special distribution models of E. heros, adjustments of Poisson distribution and negative binomial distribution were tested. The spatial distribution of nymphs and adults was aggregated for all the cultivars studied, indicating that cultivars did not alter the distribution behavior of E. heros

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

男女間の不平等と脳の性差 --男女間の不平等は脳構造の性差と関連する--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2023-05-10.Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women’s worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7, 876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women’s brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality

Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men

Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women's brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality

Concepts for the Development of Person-Centered, Digitally Enabled, Artificial Intelligence–Assisted ARIA Care Pathways (ARIA 2024)

Funding Information: This work has received funding from ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact of Asthma); CATALYSE (Climate Action To Advance HeaLthY Societies in Europe), the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 101057131; FRAUNHOFER Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Immunology and Allergology, Berlin, Germany; University of Porto, Portugal; and MASK-air, which has been supported by EU grants (Impact of air Pollution on Asthma and Rhinitis [POLLAR] project of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology Health; Structural and Development Funds, R\u00E9gion Languedoc Roussillon and Provence-Alpes-C\u00F4te d\u2019Azur; Twinning, European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing, DG Sant\u00E9 and DG Connect); educational grants from Mylan-Viatris, Allergologisk Laboratorium K\u00F8benhavn, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Stallerg\u00E8nes-Greer, and Noucor; and funding from Breathing Together Onlus Association (Associazione Respiriamo Insieme Onlus), Italy; Esp\u00EDritu Santo University, Samborond\u00F3n, Ecuador; Finnish Anti-Tuberculosis Association Foundation and Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation; GA 2 LEN; German Allergy Society AeDA (\u00C4rzteverband Deutscher Allergologen); IPOKRaTES (International Postgraduate Organization for Knowledge transfer, Research and Teaching Excellent Students) Lithuania Fund; Polish Society of Allergology (POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO ALLERGOLOGICZNE); and University of Li\u00E8ge, Belgium. Funding Information: Conflicts of interest: J. Bousquet reports personal fees from Cipla, Menarini, Mylan, Novartis, Purina, Sanofi-Aventis, Teva, Noucor, other from KYomed-Innov, and other from Mask-air-SAS, outside the submitted work. M. Blaiss reports personal fees from Sanofi, personal fees from Regeneron, personal fees from ALK, personal fees from Merck, personal fees from AstraZeneca, personal fees from GSK, personal fees from Prollergy, personal fees from Lanier Biotherapeutics, and nonfinancial support from Bryn Phama, outside the submitted work. J. Lity\u0144ska reports personal fees from Evidence Prime Sp. z o.o., outside the submitted work. T. Iinuma reports grants from Sanofi, outside the submitted work. P. Tantilipikorn reports grants from Abbott, other from GSK, and other from Sanofi Aventis, outside the submitted work. T. Haahtela reports personal fees from Orion Pharma, outside the submitted work. Publisher Copyright: © 2024 The AuthorsThe traditional healthcare model is focused on diseases (medicine and natural science) and does not acknowledge patients’ resources and abilities to be experts in their own lives based on their lived experiences. Improving healthcare safety, quality, and coordination, as well as quality of life, is an important aim in the care of patients with chronic conditions. Person-centered care needs to ensure that people's values and preferences guide clinical decisions. This paper reviews current knowledge to develop (1) digital care pathways for rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity and (2) digitally enabled, person-centered care.1 It combines all relevant research evidence, including the so-called real-world evidence, with the ultimate goal to develop digitally enabled, patient-centered care. The paper includes (1) Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA), a 2-decade journey, (2) Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE), the evidence-based model of guidelines in airway diseases, (3) mHealth impact on airway diseases, (4) From guidelines to digital care pathways, (5) Embedding Planetary Health, (6) Novel classification of rhinitis and asthma, (7) Embedding real-life data with population-based studies, (8) The ARIA-EAACI (European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology) strategy for the management of airway diseases using digital biomarkers, (9) Artificial intelligence, (10) The development of digitally enabled, ARIA person-centered care, and (11) The political agenda. The ultimate goal is to propose ARIA 2024 guidelines centered around the patient to make them more applicable and sustainable.proofinpres

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival