Cyclic nucleotides in tissues during long-term hypokinesia

Male Wistar rates were kept hypokinetic by placing them in small containers for 22 days. Blood plasma cAMP content was subsequently found increased, and cGMP content decreased, in the experimental animals. Liver and thymus cAMP content was similar in the control and experimental animals. There was a 20 and 38% decrease of cAMP content in the kidneys and spleen, respectively. Hypokinesia's reduction of cyclic nucleotides seems to inhibit RNA and protein synthesis

TENOTEN IN COMPLEX THERAPY FOR CEREBROVASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

Objective: to study the clinical efficacy and tolerability of tenoten versus cavinton in patients with organic central nervous system pathology.Subjects and methods. The study was conducted by the neurology and therapeutics clinics, Russian Gerontology Research and Clinical Center, and included 50 patients (42 females and 8 males; mean age 75,5±1,8 years) diagnosed as having dyscirculatory encephalopathy in the presence of cerebrovascular atherosclerosis, sequels of prior acute ischemic attacks, and posttraumatic encephalopathy. The patients were divided into 2 matched groups. The study group comprised 30 patients; the control consisted of 20 patients. During 28 days, the study group patients received tenoten as a tablet thrice daily and basic therapy (antiaggregatory, antihypertensive, sugar-reducing drugs, etc.); the control group had cavinton as a tablet (5 mg) thrice daily and a basic therapy.Results. Depressed mood, headache, dizziness, tinnitus cerebri, and sleep disorders were found to be alleviated in the tenoten-treated patients by day 28 of therapy. The results of Schulte's test suggested that tenoten exerted the same positive effect on cognitive functions as cavinton. With tenoten, attention concentration was also improved. There was a significant reduction in the symptoms of anxiety, as shown by the Hamilton anxiety rating scale. The serial counting and word-memorization tests showed positive changes in the all indices under study during tenoten treatment.Conclusion. The findings suggest that tenoten is effective in elderly patients with cerebrovascular diseases

Experiment K-6-16. Morphological examination of rat testes. The effect of Cosmos 1887 flight on spermatogonial population and testosterone level in rat testes

Testes from rats flown on Cosmos 1887 for twelve and a half days were compared to basal control, synchronous control and vivarium maintained rats. When the mean weights of flight testes, normalized for weight/100 gms, were compared to the vivarium controls they were 6.7 percent lighter. Although the flight testes were lighter than the synchronous, the difference is not significant. Counts of spermatogonial cells from 5 animals in each group revealed a 4 percent decrease in flight compared to vivarium controls. In both cases the t-Test significance was less than 0.02. The serum testosterone levels of all animals (flight, synchronous and vivarium) were significantly below the basal controls

Changes of the body functions during long-term hypokinesia

Prolonged hypokinesis (100-170 days) studied in 2000 rats kept in cages limiting their mobility provoked considerable changes in the gaseous and energetic metabolism: an elevation of the total gaseous metabolism and of the rate of O2 requirement by the muscles (in the late periods of hypokinesis) and a change in the intensity of tissue respiration of the liver and myocardium. There also proved to be a reduction in the level of phosphorylation and separation of oxidative phosphorylation in the myocardium, liver, and partially in the skeletal muscle. Prolonged hypokinesia led to changes in tissue metabolism: a disturbance of development of the animals, a marked delay and an increase in the weight of the organism and the muscular system, and disturbances of the mineral and protein metabolism. Prolonged hypokinesis also lead to exhaustion of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-adrenal cortex system

About Culture of Inclusion and Perspective of Development in the Sphere of Higher Education

An inclusive approach is aimed at more complete participation of students and staff in the educational process. The practical basis of the work was the joint cooperation carried out in the life of employees who wanted to create an environment and culture in which absolutely everyone will be equal and involved.Инклюзивный подход в образовании направлен на глубокое вовлечение студентов, преподавателей и персонала в образовательный процесс. Практической основой работы стало совместное сотрудничество студентов и сотрудников, которые желали создать среду и культуру, где абсолютно все были бы равноценны

Single Prolonged Stress as a Prospective Model for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Females

Sex plays an important role in susceptibility to stress triggered disorders. Posttraumatic Stress disorder (PTSD), a debilitating psychiatric disorder developed after exposure to a traumatic event, is two times more prevalent in women than men. However, the vast majority of animal models of PTSD, including single prolonged stress (SPS), were performed mostly with males. Here, we evaluated SPS as an appropriate PTSD model for females in terms of anxiety, depressive symptoms and changes in gene expression in the noradrenergic system in the brain. In addition, we examined intranasal neuropeptide Y (NPY) as a possible treatment in females. Female rats were subjected to SPS and given either intranasal NPY or vehicle in two separate experiments. In the first experiment, stressed females were compared to unstressed controls on forced swim test (FST) and for levels of expression of several genes in the locus coeruleus (LC) 12 days after SPS exposure. Using a separate cohort of animals, experiment two examined stressed females and unstressed controls on the elevated plus maze (EPM) and LC gene expression 7 days after SPS stressors. SPS led to increased anxiety-like behavior on EPM and depressive-like behavior on FST. Following FST, the rats displayed elevated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), CRHR1 and Y1R mRNA levels in the LC, consistent with increased activation of the noradrenergic system. The expression level of these mRNAs was unchanged following EPM, except Y1R. Intranasal NPY at the doses shown to be effective in males, did not prevent development of depressive or anxiety-like behavior or molecular changes in the LC. The results indicate that while SPS could be an appropriate PTSD model for females, sex differences, such as response to NPY, are important to consider

The Use of Reproductive Technologies to Produce Transgenic Goats

Recombinant DNA technology has revolutionized the production of therapeutic proteins. Thus, genes of a great number of human proteins have already been identified and cloned. The use of farm animals as bioreactors may be the better choice to produce recombinant therapeutic proteins. For this activity, the term “pharming” was created, referring to the use of genetic engineering to obtain a transgenic or genetically modified animal. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of livestock species, goats appear as a very good model. In addition, the first human commercially approved biological drug (antithrombin (AT)) was produced from the milk of transgenic goats. The aim of this chapter is to present various reproductive technologies used to obtain transgenic goats secreting recombinant proteins in milk. Initially, this chapter presents the methods for embryo production (in vivo and in vitro) to realize the DNA microinjection in pronuclear embryos. Thus, the techniques of superovulation of donors (in vivo embryo production) and ovarian stimulation for oocyte recovery (in vitro embryo production) are described. Also, the methods for DNA microinjection and embryo transfer are detailed in this chapter. Finally, this chapter describes the reproductive procedures used for obtaining transgenic goats by cloning

Клиническое наблюдение успешной фотодинамической терапии пациентки с тяжелой дисплазией вульвы

A case of successful photodynamic therapy (PDT) of the patient with grade 3 vulvar dysplasia. One course of treatment with photolon was performed. The photosensitizer was administered intravenously as 30 min infusion in dose of 1.0 mg/kg body weight. The PDT session was performed 3h after infusion of photolon, the light dose was 350 J/cm2. The treatment was well tolerated. Due to PDT a complete tumor regression was achieved. The patient received a strict follow-up schedule, for 8 months after PDT no recurrence was observed. Описан клинический случай успешного применения фотодинамической терапии (ФДТ) для лечения больной с дисплазией III ст. вульвы. Проведен 1 курс лечения с препаратом фотолон. Фотосенсибилизатор вводили внутривенно посредством 30-минутной инфузии в дозе 1,0 мг/кг массы тела. Сеанс ФДТ проводили через 3 ч после введения фотолона, плотность энергии лазерного облучения – 350 Дж/см2. Лечение пациентка перенесла удовлетворительно. В результате ФДТ получена полная регрессия опухоли. После лечения больная находилась под строгим динамическим наблюдением, в течение 8 месяцев с момента проведения ФДТ – без рецидива заболевания.