Application of chemography for evaluating the workability of hard alloy cutting plates

Abstract: An approach to assessing the performance of carbide cutting inserts based on fixing changes in the defectiveness of its structure is proposed. The assessment is based on the phenomenon of activation of inhomogeneous chemical processes at extremely low concentrations of substances that occur in places of excessive surface activity in the structure of the material. The effect is determined by the initial imperfection of the structure of the surface layer of the material and the increase in the defectiveness of the carbide material under the influence of thermobaric loading during the operation of the tool. It is proposed to use the black index of the chemographic image of the studied object as a criterion for the array of structural defects, the value of which indicates the level of structural violations and internal defects in the material

Application of chemography for evaluating the workability of hard alloy cutting plates

Abstract. An approach to assessing the performance of carbide cutting inserts based on fixing changes in the defectiveness of its structure is proposed. The assessment is based on the phenomenon of activation of inhomogeneous chemical processes at extremely low concentrations of substances that occur in places of excessive surface activity in the structure of the material. The effect is determined by the initial imperfection of the structure of the surface layer of the material and the increase in the defectiveness of the carbide material under the influence of thermobaric loading during the operation of the tool. It is proposed to use the black index of the chemographic image of the studied object as a criterion for the array of structural defects, the value of which indicates the level of structural violations and internal defects in the material.Abstract: An approach to assessing the performance of carbide cutting inserts based on fixing changes in the defectiveness of its structure is proposed. The assessment is based on the phenomenon of activation of inhomogeneous chemical processes at extremely low concentrations of substances that occur in places of excessive surface activity in the structure of the material. The effect is determined by the initial imperfection of the structure of the surface layer of the material and the increase in the defectiveness of the carbide material under the influence of thermobaric loading during the operation of the tool. It is proposed to use the black index of the chemographic image of the studied object as a criterion for the array of structural defects, the value of which indicates the level of structural violations and internal defects in the material

Allelic Imbalances in Radiation—Associated Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) can develop as a secondary malignancy following radiotherapy, but also following low-dose environmental or occupational radiation exposure. Therapy-related AML frequently carries deletions of chromosome 5q and/or 7, but for low-dose exposure associated AML this has not been described. For the present study we performed genome-wide screens for loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) in a set of 19 AML cases that developed after radiation-exposure following the Chernobyl accident. Using Affymetrix SNP arrays we found large regions of LOH in 16 of the cases. Eight cases (42%) demonstrated LOH at 5q and/or 7, which is a known marker of complex karyotypic changes and poor prognosis. We could show here for the first time that exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation induces AML with molecular alterations similar to those seen in therapy-related cases

Systematic review and meta-analysis of circulatory disease from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation and estimates of potential population mortality risks.

BACKGROUND: Although high doses of ionizing radiation have long been linked to circulatory disease, evidence for an association at lower exposures remains controversial. However, recent analyses suggest excess relative risks at occupational exposure levels. OBJECTIVES: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize information on circulatory disease risks associated with moderate- and low-level whole-body ionizing radiation exposures. METHODS: We conducted PubMed/ISI Thomson searches of peer-reviewed papers published since 1990 using the terms radiation AND heart AND disease, OR radiation AND stroke, OR radiation AND circulatory AND disease. Radiation exposures had to be whole-body, with a cumulative mean dose of < 0.5 Sv, or at a low dose rate (< 10 mSv/day). We estimated population risks of circulatory disease from low-level radiation exposure using excess relative risk estimates from this meta-analysis and current mortality rates for nine major developed countries. RESULTS: Estimated excess population risks for all circulatory diseases combined ranged from 2.5%/Sv [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.8, 4.2] for France to 8.5%/Sv (95% CI: 4.0, 13.0) for Russia. CONCLUSIONS: Our review supports an association between circulatory disease mortality and low and moderate doses of ionizing radiation. Our analysis was limited by heterogeneity among studies (particularly for noncardiac end points), the possibility of uncontrolled confounding in some occupational groups by lifestyle factors, and higher dose groups (> 0.5 Sv) generally driving the observed trends. If confirmed, our findings suggest that overall radiation-related mortality is about twice that currently estimated based on estimates for cancer end points alone (which range from 4.2% to 5.6%/Sv for these populations)

Кластерна політика інноваційного розвитку національної економіки: інтеграційний та інфраструктурний аспекти

В монографії розглянуто теоретико-концептуальні, методологічні та практичні аспекти іннова- ційного розвитку національних економік на основі кластерного підходу. На підставі узагальнення світового та європейського досвіду доводиться стратегічна роль кластерних структур для економіч- ного зростання та забезпечення конкурентоспроможності національних економік на глобальному рівні. Розглянуто особливості формування кластерної політики країн ЄС в умовах розвитку мереже- вої та інтелектуальної економіки, визначені проблеми та перспективи розвитку кластерів в Україні та запропоновані певні критеріальні вимоги до формування українських кластерних об’єднань згідно з кращими практиками ЄС. Запропонована концептуально-методологічна модель оціню- вання синергетичних ефектів кластерних структур. Проаналізовано інноваційні та інституаційні передумови формування та розвитку кластерних структур в Україні з урахуванням економічної політики кластеризації Європейського Союзу. На основі сегментного аналізу галузевих кластерних ініціатив в Україні запропонована кластерна модель структурної трансформації та конкурентного розвитку стратегічно важливих для економіки країни галузей. На основі дослідження стану та перспектив розвитку регіональних кластерів, розроблено рекомендації щодо використання клас- терного підходу при формуванні регіональної політики, зокрема, в українському Причорномор’ї та в Одеській області. Розроблено комплекс заходів щодо формування та розвитку транспортно-ло- гістичних кластерів, які належать до кластерів інфраструктурного типу та мають першочергове значення для розвитку національної економіки. Надані рекомендації щодо побудови ефективної системи доставки на основі кластеризації міської території. Запропонована еколого-інноваційна модель кластерної взаємодії транспорту та промисловості в умовах інформаційної економіки. Призначається для науковців, викладачів, студентів економічних спеціальностей, підприємців, представників органів державної та регіональної влади та інших зацікавлених осіб.The monograph deals with theoretical and conceptual, methodological and practical aspects of innovative development of national economies based on the cluster approach. Based on the generalisation of the world and European experience, the strategic role of cluster structures for economic growth and ensuring the competitiveness of national economies at the global level is proven. The features of cluster policy formation of the EU countries in the conditions of the network and intellectual economy develop- ment are considered. The problems and prospects of clusters development in Ukraine are defined. Specific criteria for the formation of Ukrainian cluster associations accord- ing to the best EU practices are proposed. A conceptual and methodological model for evaluating the synergetic effects of cluster structures is proposed. The innovative and institutional prerequisites for the formation and development of cluster structures in Ukraine, taking into account the economic policy of the European Union’s clustering, are analysed. Based on the segmental analysis of industry clusters initiatives in Ukraine, a cluster model of structural transformation and competitive development of strategi- cally important industries for the country’s economy is proposed. Based on the study of state and prospects of regional clusters’ development, developed recommendations for the use of the cluster approach in the formation of regional policy, in particular, in the Ukrainian black sea region and the Odesa region. A set of measures developed for the formation and development of transport and logistics clusters, which are related to infrastructure-type clusters and are of primary importance for the development of the national economy. Recommendations for building an effective delivery system based on clustering of the city territory are given. An ecological and innovative model of clus- ter interaction between transport and industry in the information economy is proposed. This monograph is for scientists, teachers, students of economic specialities, entre- preneurs, state and regional authorities’ representatives and other interested persons