14 research outputs found
Autonomous and Environmentally Comfortable Type of Housing for the Development of the Arctic
Factors that impede the development of the Arctic are: 1) long frosts; 2) low quality of indoor air; 3) an unsanitary surroundings due to low activity of biota; 4) deficiency of fresh vitamin-containing food; 5) high dependency of settlements on external supply. The concept of the Arctic Ecological- Energy Autonomous Dwelling (AEEAD) designed to solve the problems is grounded on: 1) the optimal configuration of housing and heat savings; 2) closure of the flows of substances; 3) the use of autonomous energy sources. To ensure energy savings and maintain a high quality of life air revitalization is required. Air revitalization is provided by household greenhouses, which perform additional functions β heating the living quarters, lighting it, moistening the winter overdried air, growing food, decorating house interior, providing psychological support. New technologies for growing a variety of plants and organic wastes decomposition are discussed. Energetic autonomy is provided by means coupling wind generator with high-heat accumulators based on cheap solid heat-storage materials coupled, in its turn, with Stirling engine/electrical generator unit. Due to βmacro-compositeβ structure of heat exchanger it can be achieved: almost zero heat loss in the absence of thermal insulation; a significant stabilization of the temperature at the output of the thermal battery, over the whole period of the discharg
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ: ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅
The existence of the biosphere is determined by the presence of a constant circulation of substances, carried out by a highly branched trophic network of mainly closed material loops. How this largely self-contained system formed remains unclear. The theory of evolution cannot help answer this question since the closure of the biosphere is not an adaptive trait of an individual β this is the essence of the Vernadsky-Darwin paradox. The present paper discusses stages of the formation of the biosphere in the context of closure β a key property and parameter of the biosphere β and possible approaches to resolving the paradox. The authors assume that the appearance of the first living organisms did not mean the appearance of the biosphere as a system of interacting components. The formation of the biosphere in the true sense of the word was associated with the appearance of predation approximately 500 million years ago and the emergence of a highly branched trophic network. The authors obtain simple estimates showing that, on the one hand, living organisms are potentially capable of changing their environment at the global level in a negligible geological time period but, on the other hand, are capable of maintaining an accurate balance of global material cycling for several tens of thousands of years. A simple model was used to show the effect of stoichiometric constraints on the formation of closed material flow in simple ecosystems and to demonstrate the need for increased diversity at trophic levels to overcome these stoichiometric constraintsΠ‘ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ, Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΡΠΎΠ³Π»Π°ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Ρ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈ β Π² ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ° ΠΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Π΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ-ΠΠ°ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΈ β ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΎ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 500 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π»Π΅Ρ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅, ΡΡΠΎ, Ρ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ Π³Π΅ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Π°ΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎ, Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Ρ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½Ρ Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠΊΠ° Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Stability of the Biosphere and Sustainable Development: a Challenge to Biospherics
The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment β βThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generationsβ β contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating βresilienceβ of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact β a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations β has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makers
Stability of the Biosphere and Sustainable Development: a Challenge to Biospherics
The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment β βThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generationsβ β contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating βresilienceβ of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact β a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations β has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makers
Π‘ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅: Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment β βThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generationsβ β contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating βresilienceβ of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact β a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations β has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makersΠ¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ β Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ», ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: 1) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ βΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈβ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ; 2) ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ; 3) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² β ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π.Π. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ±, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
Unanimous Model for Describing the Fast Bioluminescence Kinetics of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-regulated Photoproteins of Different Organisms
Upon binding their metal ion cofactors, Ca2+-regulated photoproteins display a rapid increase of light signal, which reaches its peak within milliseconds. In the present study, we investigate bioluminescence kinetics of the entire photoprotein family. All five recombinant hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins-aequorin from Aequorea victoria, clytin from Clytia gregaria, mitrocomin from Mitrocoma cellularia and obelins from Obelia longissima and Obelia geniculata-demonstrate the same bioluminescent kinetics pattern. Based on these findings, for the first time we propose a unanimous kinetic model describing the bioluminescence mechanism of Ca2+-regulated photoproteins
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄
Problems related to the control of complex biotechnological processes were considered on the example
of biooxidation of refractory gold-arsenic sulphide concentrates for the subsequent gold recovery. Two
possible approaches to the problem were considered: a) building βmechanisticβ mathematical model
and b) applying neural network model. An attempt to construct a mixed mechanistic-phenomenological
model using various combinations of formulas given in literature and general description of
bioleaching processes has given not satisfactory result. The models were able to describe only the
general properties and trends of the process. Neural network analysis of time series of the bioleaching
process has revealed dependences between the process, control parameters, and feed composition.
Obtained 10% level of the forecast error (MAPE) is quite satisfactory if compare with the forecasts of
any natural ecosystem. It can be argued that the relatively low complexity of neural network indicates
the possibility of developing a fairly simple mechanistic model of the bioleaching processΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅:
Π°) ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±) ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ», ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ 10%-Π½ΡΠΉ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° (MAPE) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ
Π‘ΡΠ°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅: Π²ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅
The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment β βThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generationsβ β contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating βresilienceβ of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact β a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations β has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makersΠ¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΡΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ β Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ
ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½ΡΠ½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ», ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ΅Π±Π΅ Π·Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±Π΅Π· ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ, Π½Π΅ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ»ΠΈΠΊΡΠ° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡΡ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π°Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ: 1) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ βΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈβ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ; 2) ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ°Ρ
Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ: ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡ; 3) ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. Π‘Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ β ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² β ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠ°, ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π.Π. ΠΠ΅ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠΌ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ±, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅, ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠ°, ΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ
ΠΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠ΄
Problems related to the control of complex biotechnological processes were considered on the example
of biooxidation of refractory gold-arsenic sulphide concentrates for the subsequent gold recovery. Two
possible approaches to the problem were considered: a) building βmechanisticβ mathematical model
and b) applying neural network model. An attempt to construct a mixed mechanistic-phenomenological
model using various combinations of formulas given in literature and general description of
bioleaching processes has given not satisfactory result. The models were able to describe only the
general properties and trends of the process. Neural network analysis of time series of the bioleaching
process has revealed dependences between the process, control parameters, and feed composition.
Obtained 10% level of the forecast error (MAPE) is quite satisfactory if compare with the forecasts of
any natural ecosystem. It can be argued that the relatively low complexity of neural network indicates
the possibility of developing a fairly simple mechanistic model of the bioleaching processΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ², Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ
Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎ-ΠΌΡΡΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π»Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΡΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅:
Π°) ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Β«ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉΒ» ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±) ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ», ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠ΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ³Π»ΠΈ
ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°
Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ» Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ 10%-Π½ΡΠΉ
ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° (MAPE) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ
Π΅Π³ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»ΡΠ±ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ
Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΉ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ