14 research outputs found

    Autonomous and Environmentally Comfortable Type of Housing for the Development of the Arctic

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    Factors that impede the development of the Arctic are: 1) long frosts; 2) low quality of indoor air; 3) an unsanitary surroundings due to low activity of biota; 4) deficiency of fresh vitamin-containing food; 5) high dependency of settlements on external supply. The concept of the Arctic Ecological- Energy Autonomous Dwelling (AEEAD) designed to solve the problems is grounded on: 1) the optimal configuration of housing and heat savings; 2) closure of the flows of substances; 3) the use of autonomous energy sources. To ensure energy savings and maintain a high quality of life air revitalization is required. Air revitalization is provided by household greenhouses, which perform additional functions – heating the living quarters, lighting it, moistening the winter overdried air, growing food, decorating house interior, providing psychological support. New technologies for growing a variety of plants and organic wastes decomposition are discussed. Energetic autonomy is provided by means coupling wind generator with high-heat accumulators based on cheap solid heat-storage materials coupled, in its turn, with Stirling engine/electrical generator unit. Due to β€œmacro-composite” structure of heat exchanger it can be achieved: almost zero heat loss in the absence of thermal insulation; a significant stabilization of the temperature at the output of the thermal battery, over the whole period of the discharg

    Π—Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π·Π΅ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ биосфСры: ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΊΡƒΡ‰Π΅Π΅ состояниС

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    The existence of the biosphere is determined by the presence of a constant circulation of substances, carried out by a highly branched trophic network of mainly closed material loops. How this largely self-contained system formed remains unclear. The theory of evolution cannot help answer this question since the closure of the biosphere is not an adaptive trait of an individual – this is the essence of the Vernadsky-Darwin paradox. The present paper discusses stages of the formation of the biosphere in the context of closure – a key property and parameter of the biosphere – and possible approaches to resolving the paradox. The authors assume that the appearance of the first living organisms did not mean the appearance of the biosphere as a system of interacting components. The formation of the biosphere in the true sense of the word was associated with the appearance of predation approximately 500 million years ago and the emergence of a highly branched trophic network. The authors obtain simple estimates showing that, on the one hand, living organisms are potentially capable of changing their environment at the global level in a negligible geological time period but, on the other hand, are capable of maintaining an accurate balance of global material cycling for several tens of thousands of years. A simple model was used to show the effect of stoichiometric constraints on the formation of closed material flow in simple ecosystems and to demonstrate the need for increased diversity at trophic levels to overcome these stoichiometric constraintsБущСствованиС биосфСры опрСдСляСтся Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ постоянного ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π° вСщСств, осущСствляСмого высокоразвСтвлСнной трофичСской ΡΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒΡŽ, с высокой ΡΡ‚Π΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡŒΡŽ замкнутости вСщСствСнных ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ². Каким ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° сформирована ΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ согласованная систСма с высоким ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ замкнутости, остаСтся нСясным. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ Ρ‚Π΅ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡŽΡ†ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‡ΡŒ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚, ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΡƒ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ биосфСры Π½Π΅ являСтся ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΌ особи – Π² этом ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡŒ парадокса ВСрнадского-Π”Π°Ρ€Π²ΠΈΠ½Π°. Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ этапы формирования биосфСры Π² контСкстС замкнутости – ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ свойства ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π° биосфСры, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡƒΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ парадокса. Π’Ρ‹Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ тСзис ΠΎ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ появлСниС ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΆΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ появлСния биосфСры ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ систСмы Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π“ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΎ биосфСрС Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠΌ смыслС этого слова ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ послС появлСния хищничСства ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 500 ΠΌΠ»Π½ Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π°Π·Π°Π΄ ΠΈ возникновСния Ρ€Π°Π·Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ трофичСской сСти. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ простыС ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ, с ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΆΠΈΠ²Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ способны ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ срСду обитания Π½Π° глобальном ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Π·Π° Π½ΠΈΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ гСологичСским ΠΌΠ°ΡΡˆΡ‚Π°Π±Π°ΠΌ врСмя. Но, с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΉ стороны, ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ дСсятки тысяч Π»Π΅Ρ‚ способны ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ баланс глобального ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π° вСщСств. На простой ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ влияниС стСхиомСтричСских ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ формирования Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½ΡƒΡ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΊΠ° вСщСств Π² простых экосистСмах ΠΈ продСмонстрирована Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ увСличСния разнообразия Π½Π° трофичСских уровнях для прСодолСния этих стСхиомСтричСских ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°Π½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈ

    Stability of the Biosphere and Sustainable Development: a Challenge to Biospherics

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    The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment – β€œThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations” – contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating β€œresilience” of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact – a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations – has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makers

    Stability of the Biosphere and Sustainable Development: a Challenge to Biospherics

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    The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment – β€œThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations” – contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating β€œresilience” of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact – a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations – has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makers

    Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ биосфСры ΠΈ устойчивоС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅: Π²Ρ‹Π·ΠΎΠ² биосфСрикС

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    The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment – β€œThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations” – contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating β€œresilience” of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact – a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations – has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makersΠ¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ устойчивого развития, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ для прСодолСния Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² состоянии ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды – Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ срСды обитания ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов для ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ обСспСчСнии Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ качСства ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Ρ‹Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ», содСрТит Π² сСбС Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ чСловСчСство Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π· инфраструктуры, Π·Π°Π³Ρ€ΡΠ·Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСду обитания, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ, Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, Π½Π΅ смогут ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ поколСния. ΠžΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ссли ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ инфраструктурС, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ уровня Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ воздСйствия Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ экосистСмы Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΈΡ… устойчивости. Для этого Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ: 1) Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ β€œΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈβ€ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… экосистСм ΠΈ биосфСры; 2) Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, производящиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ экологичСским воздСйствиСм Π½Π° всСх этапах Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ: производство, эксплуатация ΠΈ утилизация; 3) Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ проСктирования структур ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² с Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ критСрия ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. БлоТности, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ этих Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° достаточно простых ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ…. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ экосистСмы Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡƒΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ воздСйствиС ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ приблиТСния ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ катастрофы ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ воздСйствиС – рост ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² – ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ биосфСры. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ элСктричСских Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ продСмонстрировано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ссли ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ с модСлью мСТотраслСвого баланса, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π’.Π’. Π›Π΅ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ прямой ΠΈ косвСнный экологичСский ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Ρ€Π±, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ производствС, эксплуатации ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎ получСнная ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° экологичСского Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. На простых ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ конфигурация ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ инфраструктуры сущСствСнно зависит ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ

    Unanimous Model for Describing the Fast Bioluminescence Kinetics of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-regulated Photoproteins of Different Organisms

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    Upon binding their metal ion cofactors, Ca2+-regulated photoproteins display a rapid increase of light signal, which reaches its peak within milliseconds. In the present study, we investigate bioluminescence kinetics of the entire photoprotein family. All five recombinant hydromedusan Ca2+-regulated photoproteins-aequorin from Aequorea victoria, clytin from Clytia gregaria, mitrocomin from Mitrocoma cellularia and obelins from Obelia longissima and Obelia geniculata-demonstrate the same bioluminescent kinetics pattern. Based on these findings, for the first time we propose a unanimous kinetic model describing the bioluminescence mechanism of Ca2+-regulated photoproteins

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… матСматичСских ΠΈ нСйросСтСвых ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ для управлСния биотСхнологичСскими процСссами Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ окислСния ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄

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    Problems related to the control of complex biotechnological processes were considered on the example of biooxidation of refractory gold-arsenic sulphide concentrates for the subsequent gold recovery. Two possible approaches to the problem were considered: a) building β€œmechanistic” mathematical model and b) applying neural network model. An attempt to construct a mixed mechanistic-phenomenological model using various combinations of formulas given in literature and general description of bioleaching processes has given not satisfactory result. The models were able to describe only the general properties and trends of the process. Neural network analysis of time series of the bioleaching process has revealed dependences between the process, control parameters, and feed composition. Obtained 10% level of the forecast error (MAPE) is quite satisfactory if compare with the forecasts of any natural ecosystem. It can be argued that the relatively low complexity of neural network indicates the possibility of developing a fairly simple mechanistic model of the bioleaching processΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, связанныС с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ слоТных биотСхнологичСских процСссов, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ рассмотрСны Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ биоокислСния Ρ‚ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ извлСчСния Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅: Π°) построСниС «мСханистичСской» матСматичСской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСйросСтСвой ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ мСханистичСско-Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ модСль с использованиСм Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ», ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ описания процСссов биовыщСлачивания Π΄Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚. МодСли смогли ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ свойства ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ процСсса. Анализ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рядов процСсса биовыщСлачивания с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сСти выявил зависимости ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ процСсса, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ управлСния ΠΈ составом ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ субстрата. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ 10%-Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ошибки ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° (MAPE) являСтся Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ссли ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ любой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ экосистСмы. МоТно ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ низкая ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сСти ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ довольно простой мСханистичСской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ процСсса Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ‰Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ

    Π‘Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΈΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ биосфСры ΠΈ устойчивоС Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΠ΅: Π²Ρ‹Π·ΠΎΠ² биосфСрикС

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    The central point of the concept of sustainable development proposed for overcoming unwelcome trends in the development of the environment – β€œThe right to development must be fulfilled so as to equitably meet developmental and environmental needs of present and future generations” – contains certain conflict. The bottom line is that modern human beings cannot live without the infrastructure that pollutes the environment, and the future generations will not be able to live without this environment. The conflict can be mitigated by switching to the optimal infrastructure, which will maintain human impact on regional ecosystems at levels that fall within the range of their resilience. To achieve this goal, the following objectives must be fulfilled: 1) to develop methods for evaluating β€œresilience” of local ecosystems and the biosphere; 2) to develop technologies for production of goods that have the lowest possible environmental impact in all stages of their lifecycle: production, use, and disposal; 3) to develop methods for designing systems of optimal environmental management at regional levels and formulate an adequate optimality criterion. Difficulties arising in achieving these objectives have been illustrated by using rather simple examples. In some instances, the ecosystem shows a threshold response to upsetting impact, and on the way to the threshold, there may be no indications of the pending disaster. The possibility of the threshold response to the gradually increasing impact – a rise in the greenhouse gas concentrations – has been shown by using a low-dimensional model of the biosphere. An example of electric vehicles is used to show that if, by analogy with the input-output model (IOM) developed by W. Leontief, one takes into account the direct and indirect ecological damage caused by production, use, and disposal of the product, the resulting assessment of the environmental harm may be drastically different from the claimed one. Simple examples demonstrate dramatic dependence of the configuration of the optimal infrastructure on optimality criteria used by decision makersΠ¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΏΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ‚ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅ΠΏΡ†ΠΈΠΈ устойчивого развития, ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ для прСодолСния Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Π² состоянии ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды – Β«Π‘ΠΎΡ…Ρ€Π°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ срСды обитания ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рСсурсов для ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ обСспСчСнии Ρ…ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ качСства ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π½Ρ‹Π½Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉΒ», содСрТит Π² сСбС Π·Π΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π² Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ чСловСчСство Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π· инфраструктуры, Π·Π°Π³Ρ€ΡΠ·Π½ΡΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСду обитания, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ, Π² свою ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡŒ, Π½Π΅ смогут ΡΡƒΡ‰Π΅ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ поколСния. ΠžΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΡ‚Ρƒ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ„Π»ΠΈΠΊΡ‚Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ»Π°Π±ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ссли ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ΠΉΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊ ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ инфраструктурС, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ уровня Π°Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ воздСйствия Π½Π° Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ экосистСмы Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… ΠΈΡ… устойчивости. Для этого Π½ΡƒΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡ΠΈ: 1) Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ β€œΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ‚ΠΈΡ‡Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈβ€ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… экосистСм ΠΈ биосфСры; 2) Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚Π΅Ρ…Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, производящиС ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ с ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ экологичСским воздСйствиСм Π½Π° всСх этапах Π΅Π΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ: производство, эксплуатация ΠΈ утилизация; 3) Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ проСктирования структур ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² с Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ»ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ²Π°Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ критСрия ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ. БлоТности, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ этих Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΈΠ»Π»ΡŽΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π½Π° достаточно простых ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ…. Показано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊ экосистСмы Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΡƒΡ‰Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ воздСйствиС ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ приблиТСния ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρƒ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅-Π»ΠΈΠ±ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°Π΄Π²ΠΈΠ³Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉΡΡ катастрофы ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΎΡ‚ΡΡƒΡ‚ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π’ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ‚Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΠ»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ Π½Π°Ρ€Π°ΡΡ‚Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π΅ воздСйствиС – рост ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠ² – ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΡ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ биосфСры. На ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ элСктричСских Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ»Π΅ΠΉ продСмонстрировано, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ссли ΠΏΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ с модСлью мСТотраслСвого баланса, Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π’.Π’. Π›Π΅ΠΎΠ½Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅Π²Ρ‹ΠΌ, ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ прямой ΠΈ косвСнный экологичСский ΡƒΡ‰Π΅Ρ€Π±, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ производствС, эксплуатации ΠΈ ΡƒΡ‚ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°, Ρ‚ΠΎ получСнная ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠ° экологичСского Π²Ρ€Π΅Π΄Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ‚ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΡΡ ΠΎΡ‚ Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ. На простых ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π°Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ конфигурация ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ инфраструктуры сущСствСнно зависит ΠΎΡ‚ ΠΊΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ΅Π² ΠΎΠΏΡ‚ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ€ΡƒΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ‚Π²ΡƒΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π»ΠΈΡ†Π°, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈ

    ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ…Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… матСматичСских ΠΈ нСйросСтСвых ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ для управлСния биотСхнологичСскими процСссами Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ окислСния ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² Ρ‚ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Ρ€ΡƒΠ΄

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    Problems related to the control of complex biotechnological processes were considered on the example of biooxidation of refractory gold-arsenic sulphide concentrates for the subsequent gold recovery. Two possible approaches to the problem were considered: a) building β€œmechanistic” mathematical model and b) applying neural network model. An attempt to construct a mixed mechanistic-phenomenological model using various combinations of formulas given in literature and general description of bioleaching processes has given not satisfactory result. The models were able to describe only the general properties and trends of the process. Neural network analysis of time series of the bioleaching process has revealed dependences between the process, control parameters, and feed composition. Obtained 10% level of the forecast error (MAPE) is quite satisfactory if compare with the forecasts of any natural ecosystem. It can be argued that the relatively low complexity of neural network indicates the possibility of developing a fairly simple mechanistic model of the bioleaching processΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹, связанныС с ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ слоТных биотСхнологичСских процСссов, Π±Ρ‹Π»ΠΈ рассмотрСны Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Π΅ биоокислСния Ρ‚ΡƒΠ³ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°Π²ΠΊΠΈΡ… Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎ-ΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΡŒΡΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… ΡΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ„ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² для ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ извлСчСния Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡ‚Π°. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π²Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅: Π°) построСниС «мСханистичСской» матСматичСской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈ Π±) ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ нСйросСтСвой ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ. ΠŸΠΎΠΏΡ‹Ρ‚ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡˆΠ°Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ мСханистичСско-Ρ„Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ модСль с использованиСм Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ Ρ„ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΡƒΠ», ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² Π»ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΡƒΡ€Π΅, ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅Π³ΠΎ описания процСссов биовыщСлачивания Π΄Π°Π»Π° Π½Π΅ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚. МодСли смогли ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΠΈΠ΅ свойства ΠΈ Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ процСсса. Анализ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… рядов процСсса биовыщСлачивания с ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡ‰ΡŒΡŽ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сСти выявил зависимости ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ процСсса, ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ управлСния ΠΈ составом ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ субстрата. ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ 10%-Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ ΡƒΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΡŒ ошибки ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° (MAPE) являСтся Π²ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅ ΡƒΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Ρ‚Π²ΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, Ссли ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π΅Π³ΠΎ с ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ любой ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ экосистСмы. МоТно ΡƒΡ‚Π²Π΅Ρ€ΠΆΠ΄Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ низкая ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π΅ΠΉΡ€ΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ сСти ΡƒΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠΈ довольно простой мСханистичСской ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ процСсса Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ‰Π΅Π»Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈ
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