Валовой региональный продукт Гомельской области: специфика формирования и пути повышения

Представлен анализ динамики развития промышленности Гомельской области в 2005–2010 гг. Рассмотрена сущность категории «валовой региональный продукт». Дан сравнительный анализ динамики этого показателя в Гомельской области за первое полугодие 2011 г., приведена оценка специфики его формирования и рассмотрены пути его повышения.The analysis of Gomel region development dynamics in 2005–2010 is presented. The nature of “gross regional product” category is considered. Comparative analysis of the dynamics of this index in Gomel region for the first half of the year 2011 is conducted. Evaluation of specific features of its formation is presented and the ways of its increasing are considered

Psycholinguistic investigations in the theory of reference

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1994.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-194).by Sergey Avrutin.Ph.D

Optional Omissions in an Optionally Null Subject Language

"In this paper we report the results of a study investigating the phenomenon of subject and direct object omissions in child Russian. While omissions have been extensively studied in a number of other languages, they all focused on either non-pro-drop languages (e.g. English (Haegeman 1990; Valian 1991; Hyams and Wexler 1993; Rizzi 1994; Hyams 1996; Matushansky and Wexler 2002, to mention a few), German and Dutch (de Haan and Tuijnman 1989; Weverink 1989; Kraemer 1993; Hamann 1995, etc.)) or obligatory pro-drop languages such as Italian (Valian 1991, among others). Russian in this sense presents a particular interest because the adult system allows for apparent optionality

Register affects language comprehension : ERP evidence from article omission in newspaper headlines

Language processing involving syntax-discourse interface operations has been claimed to be particularly resource-consuming. In production, this additional complexity is claimed to be the source of article omission in the speech of young children and certain language-impaired speakers. In comprehension, article omission in some "special registers" (e.g., newspaper headlines) has been attributed to the trade-off between spending more processing resources and increasing processing speed. We investigated the comprehension of noun phrases (NPs) with and without articles (e.g., (a) policeman arrests (a) monk) when readers were or were not aware of reading headlines by recording electrophysiological responses. The presence of an N400-effect suggests first that comprehension of article-less NPs exerts processing demands and indicates that article omission does not result in costs from morphosyntactic processing (no LAN), but from linking processes at the syntax-discourse interface supported by discourse-semantic memory. Differences between the instruction modalities suggest that awareness of the special register plays a role. The electrophysiological data thus demonstrate that register has an effect on the discourse-semantic integration of NPs and provide evidence for a certain degree of top-down processing

Article Omission in Dutch Children with SLI: A Processing Approach

entrop

Building bridges: The role of prosody in Mandarin-speaking adults' and children's anaphora resolution

Past research on the role of prosody in reference is primarily concerned with how adults and children use prosodic cues to signal accessibility change from givenness to newness of the same noun phrase. This study explores the role of prosody in the referential dependencies between one antecedent noun-phrase and one reflexive anaphor ‘zi-ji’ (oneself) in Mandarin-speaking adults and children. In sentences like “Boris dreamed that Miffy painted ‘zi-ji’”, ‘zi-ji’ can establish two types of anaphor-antecedent dependencies: (1) a local dependency where ‘zi-ji’ refers to Miffy, (2) a non-local dependency where ‘zi-ji’ refers to Boris. Such sentences were elicited in both interpretations from Mandarin-speaking adults and 6 to 10-year-olds in a picture-matching game. Duration analysis on ‘zi-ji’ shows that adults produced ‘zi-ji’ with a longer duration in the non-local dependency condition than in the local dependency condition. This result can be explained by the economy hierarchy model, whereby the local antecedent made more accessible by the locality constraint is preferred, thus necessitating the use of more prosodic prominence to mark the less accessible non-local antecedent. This pattern was not found in children’s production, suggesting prolonged acquisition of using prosody to build anaphor-antecedent dependencies for ‘zi-ji’

Patterns Bit by Bit. An Entropy Model for Rule Induction

From limited evidence, children track the regularities of their language impressively fast and they infer generalized rules that apply to novel instances. This study investigated what drives the inductive leap from memorizing specific items and statistical regularities to extracting abstract rules. We propose an innovative entropy model that offers one consistent information-theoretic account for both learning the regularities in the input and generalizing to new input. The model predicts that rule induction is an encoding mechanism gradually driven as a natural automatic reaction by the brain’s sensitivity to the input complexity (entropy) interacting with the finite encoding power of the human brain (channel capacity). In two artificial grammar experiments with adults we probed the effect of input complexity on rule induction. Results showed that as the input becomes more complex, the tendency to infer abstract rules increases gradually