Heat transfer at electrochemical treatment of organic dispersed hydraulic sistems

The proposed model combines electric and temperature fields, when organic dispersed hydraulic systems are subjected to electric-thermochemical treatment. This model has been applied for developing the technologies and equipment for protein production from potato juice, milk whey and for electrolytic activation of yeast productivity. The given model relations are required to establish optimal treatment parameters of media, to impose restriction on technological and design parameters, to define medium flow diagrams in the reactor, electrode and orifice material, ultimate electric field strength and current values, etc

Flow chart of the study selection process and study method.

<p>Flow chart of the study selection process and study method.</p

Spearman correlation coefficients for nodule number and laboratory data in second screening per participant (n = 158).

<p>Spearman correlation coefficients for nodule number and laboratory data in second screening per participant (n = 158).</p

Characteristics of study participants.

<p>Data are n (%), mean±standard deviation (SD) or median (interquartile range; IQR).</p

Location of Korosten, Ukraine relative to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP).

<p>Location of Korosten, Ukraine relative to the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP).</p

Number of cases confirmed as a) malignant and b) suspicious and malignant by fine needle aspiration biopsy.

<p>Number of cases confirmed as a) malignant and b) suspicious and malignant by fine needle aspiration biopsy.</p

Prognosis of Thyroid Nodules in Individuals Living in the Zhitomir Region of Ukraine

Objective: After the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (CNPP), the incidence of thyroid cancer increased among children. Recently, a strong relationship between solid thyroid nodules and the incidence of thyroid cancer was shown in atomic bomb survivors. To assess the prognosis of benign thyroid nodules in individuals living in the Zhitomir region of Ukraine, around the CNPP, we conducted a follow-up investigation of screening data from 1991 to 2000 in the Ukraine. Patients and Methods: Participants of this study were 160 inhabitants with thyroid nodules (nodule group) and 160 inhabitants without thyroid nodules (normal control group) intially identified by ultrasonography from 1991 to 2000. All participants were aged 0 to 10 years old and lived in the same area at the time of the accident. We performed follow-up screening of participants and assessed thyroid nodules by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Results: Among the nodule group participants, the number and size of nodules were significantly increased at the follow-up screening compared with the initial screening. No thyroid nodules were observed among the normal control group participants. The prevalence of thyroid abnormality, especially nodules that could be cancerous (malignant or suspicious by fine needle aspiration biopsy), was 7.5% in the nodule group and 0% in the normal control group (P<0.001). Conclusions: Our study indicated that a thyroid nodule in childhood is a prognostic factor associated with an increase in the number and size of nodules in individuals living in the Zhitomir region of Ukraine