De la répulsion à la fascination : l’Internet et les représentations des NTIC

L’Internet suscite des interprétations contradictoires mais il est aussi l’objet d’une immense quantité de discours qui véhiculent un ensemble de représentations sociales. Leur étude permet d’identifier les structures profondes de l’imaginaire qui sous-tend l’Internet. L’utopie et l’anti-utopie sont les deux notions antinomiques au travers desquelles l’Internet est perçu et qui sont à l’origine de véritables conflits d’imaginaires. L’étude des discours sur l’Internet fait également apparaître trois grands paradigmes traversés par l’ambivalence puisqu’ils se rattachent au clivage utopie/anti-utopie. Il s’agit du paradigme culturel et communicationnel, du paradigme de l’anarchie et du paradigme spatio-temporel. L’exploration de l’histoire des idées permet de retrouver les origines de cette ambivalence et d’identifier l’existence de représentations sociales stéréotypées présentes sous des formes quasiment identiques depuis l’invention des premiers outils de communication modernes au XVIIIe siècle. Le sens et la fonction de ces conflits d’imaginaire ainsi que des stéréotypes sont analysés dans leur rapport aux NTIC et singulièrement à l’Internet.The Internet gives rise to a variety of contradictory interpretations, but it is also the subject of a vast amount of discourse conveying a variety of social representations. By studying these representations, we can identify the deep-seated structures of the common imagination on which the Internet is based. Utopia and anti-Utopia are the two antitomic notions through which the Internet is perceived and which lie at the heart of some very real conflicts of the imagination. The study of discourse on the Internet also highlights three major paradigms, ambivalent to a certain extent since they are linked with the Utopia / anti-Utopia divide. These are the cultural and communicational paradigm, the paradigm of anarchy and the space-time paradigm. The origins of this ambivalence can be traced back to the history of ideas as we can identify the existence of virtually the same stereotypical social representations since the invention of the first tools of modern communication in the 18th century. We analyse the meaning and the function of these conflicts of the imagination as well as stereotypes in relation to NICT and in particular to the Internet

Les blogs et leurs usages politiques lors de la campagne présidentielle de 2004 aux États-Unis

Cette étude tente de déterminer les fonctions des blogs dans la campagne pour les présidentielles américaines de 2004. Fondée sur l’analyse des blogs apparus lors de la campagne menée par Howard Dean ainsi que sur celle de blogs politiques indépendants, ce travail identifie les caractéristiques principales de cette forme d’écriture, décrit ses usages en politique et la compare aux pratiques journalistiques.This paper attempts to ascertain the functions of blogs in the 2004 US presidential election. Based on the analysis of Howard Dean’s campaign blogs as well as on that of independent political blogs, it identifies the salient features of this form of writing, the political uses it has been put to and draws a comparison between blogging and journalistic practices.Este estudio intenta determinar las funciones de los blogs en la campaña presidencial americana de 2004. Basados en el análisis de los blogs aparecidos en la campaña llevada por Howard Dean así como en los de blogs políticos independientes, este trabajo define las características principales de esta forma de escritura, describe sus usos en política, y los compara con las prácticas periodísticas

Web Campaigns: Popular Culture and Politics in U.S. and French Presidential Elections

International audienceThis study examines the campaign websites of presidential candidates during the 2007 election in France and the 2008 presidential campaign in the U.S. Positing the Internet and social networks as a manifestation of popular culture, it examines the reasons for the use of information technology in electoral campaigns. It also attempts to elucidate the reasons for the adoption of the codes of popular culture by exploring the concept of informalization as well as the significance of emotion in online campaign strategies.El presente estudio examina las páginas web de las campañas electora-les de los candidatos presidenciales en las elecciones de 2007 en Francia y 2008 en eeuu respectivamente. Desde la consideración de internet y las redes sociales como manifestaciones de la cultura popular, se exploran las razones para el uso de las tecnologías de la información en las campañas electorales. Igualmente, se pre-tende dilucidar los motivos para esa utilización de los códigos de la cultura popular mediante el análisis de los conceptos de informalidad y el papel de la emoción en las estrategias políticas en línea

Yearning to Become a Jew: Donato Manduzio's Conversion

Donato Manduzio was a Southern Italian peasant who only learned how to read and write in his early thirties, while convalescing in a military hospital during the First World War. Upon his return to San Nicandro Garganico, his reading of the Bible and the visions he experienced led him to believe that Judaism surpassed all other religions. As he was convinced that the Jewish people had disappeared from earth, he thought God had given him the mission of recreating His people. After chancing to discover the existence of organized Jewish communities in Italy, Manduzio set about obtaining an official conversion for himself and about seventy of his followers. This paper endeavors to shed light on the circumstances of this collective conversion and to elucidate its causes by examining its historical and sociological contexts

Donato Manduzio's Diary, From Church to Synagogue

International audienceDonato Manduzio was an illiterate Southern Italian peasant who only learned how to read and write at the age of thirty-two, while convalescing from a wound during the First World War. Then his reading of Scripture and the visions he experienced led him to turn to Judaism and to seek an official conversion for himself and seventy-odd followers. For twelve of the sixteen-year-long process, Manduzio wrote about his experiences. Although some excerpts from the Diary have been translated, the manuscript has remained unpublished either in Italian or in any other language up to this day. In her latest book, From Church to Synagogue, Viviane Serfaty has translated the full text of Manduzio's Diary from the original Italian into English in order to make it available to a wider public. After providing a social and historical framework for the trajectory of this remarkable man, Serfaty retraces Manduzio's mystical visions and spiritual development, as well as his struggle to create and maintain a Jewish community in a remote corner of Apulia at a time when Fascism was taking hold of Italy. She also shows how the text fits in the context of religious conversion narratives and of literary studies, thus shedding a fresh and fascinating light on the subject

L'Internet : fragments d'un discours utopique

L'Internet a dans l'imaginaire social toutes les caractéristiques de ce que depuis Thomas More on désigne sous le nom d'Utopie. Il propose de réunir une humanité plus authentique et plus harmonieuse et en conséquence se présente comme un mythe fondateur. De surcroît il opère un retournement de la société traditionnelle : à la notion de propriété, il oppose la gratuité, le partage et l'universalité; au pouvoir, il oppose un rapport libre, égalitaire, non hiérarchisé ; à l'identité imposée à chacun, il oppose la construction d'une identité virtuelle. Viviane Serfaty analyse en profondeur ce rapport entre l'Internet d'aujourd'hui et les principes majeurs de l'utopie.Serfaty Viviane. L'Internet : fragments d'un discours utopique. In: Communication et langages, n°119, 1er trimestre 1999. Dossier : Les nouvelles technologies de la communication. pp. 106-117

Une liberté ingérable pour les États-unis ? La régulation de la liberté d'expression sur Internet

Lors de la campagne 2000 pour la présidence des Etats-Unis, Républicains et Démocrates ont eu des attitudes divergentes vis-à-vis de l'Internet. Ainsi, le candidat démocrate Al Gore avait été impitoyablement brocardé pour avoir affirmé : « J'ai inventé l'Internet ». Mais ce lapsus indiquait bien le rôle majeur que jouaient les nouvelles technologies dans son programme électoral. Depuis son premier mandat de vice président, il avait, avec Bill Clinton, largement contribué à la politique d'équi..

E-The People: a Comparative Perspective on the Use of Social Networksin U.S. and French Electoral Campaigns

This paper first provides a historical overview of Internet use in French and American electoral campaigns. It then studies political practices on social networking sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Pinterest in the 2012 U.S. and French electoral campaigns. The reasons for the adoption of social networks by campaign teams are discussed and interpreted. Two case studies show the importance of public controversies, of the blurred boundaries between public and private lives as well as of the need for politicians to display grass roots participation in politics.Este artigo apresenta, inicialmente, uma revisão histórica do uso da internet nas campanhas eleitorais norte-americanas e francesas. A seguir, analisa prticas de campanha em redes sociais como Facebook, Twitter e Pinterest nos Estados Unidos e na França em 2012. As razões para a adoção de redes sociais pelos comitês de campanha são discutidas e interpretadas. Dois estudos de caso mostram a importância de controvérsias públicas e do apagamento das fronteiras entre vida pública e privada, assim como da necessidade, para os políticos, de exibir a participação do cidadão comum na política.Este artículo presenta, inicialmente, una revisión histórica del uso de la internet en las campañas electorales norteamericanas y francesas. En seguida, analisa actos de campaña en redes sociales como Facebook, Twitter y Pinterest en los Estados Unidos y Francia en 2012. Las razones para la adopción de redes sociales por los equipos de campaña son discutidas y interpretadas. Dos estudios de caso muestran la importancia de controversias públicas y del apagamiento de las fronteras entre vida pública y privada, así como de la necessidad, para los polticos, de exibir la participación del ciudadano ordinario en la política

Une liberté ingérable pour les États-unis ? La régulation de la liberté d'expression sur Internet

Lors de la campagne 2000 pour la présidence des Etats-Unis, Républicains et Démocrates ont eu des attitudes divergentes vis-à-vis de l'Internet. Ainsi, le candidat démocrate Al Gore avait été impitoyablement brocardé pour avoir affirmé : « J'ai inventé l'Internet ». Mais ce lapsus indiquait bien le rôle majeur que jouaient les nouvelles technologies dans son programme électoral. Depuis son premier mandat de vice président, il avait, avec Bill Clinton, largement contribué à la politique d'équi..

Donato Manduzio's Diary, From Church to Synagogue

International audienceDonato Manduzio was an illiterate Southern Italian peasant who only learned how to read and write at the age of thirty-two, while convalescing from a wound during the First World War. Then his reading of Scripture and the visions he experienced led him to turn to Judaism and to seek an official conversion for himself and seventy-odd followers. For twelve of the sixteen-year-long process, Manduzio wrote about his experiences. Although some excerpts from the Diary have been translated, the manuscript has remained unpublished either in Italian or in any other language up to this day. In her latest book, From Church to Synagogue, Viviane Serfaty has translated the full text of Manduzio's Diary from the original Italian into English in order to make it available to a wider public. After providing a social and historical framework for the trajectory of this remarkable man, Serfaty retraces Manduzio's mystical visions and spiritual development, as well as his struggle to create and maintain a Jewish community in a remote corner of Apulia at a time when Fascism was taking hold of Italy. She also shows how the text fits in the context of religious conversion narratives and of literary studies, thus shedding a fresh and fascinating light on the subject