Penerapan Manajemen Risiko Kebakaran di Area Produksi PT Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai– Pelintung Tahun 2015

Fire is an incident that is undesirable and should be considered in any kind of industrial production activity. PT Wilmar Bioenergi Indonesia Kawasan Industri Dumai- Pelintung is a company which is the field RPO (Refined Palm Oil) become biodiesel processed has a risk of fire and the explosion which require a fire risk management. The purpose of this study to determine the implementation of fire risk management at biodiesel production area. The research is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach. Informan in this study consist one informant from Top management, one informant from Environment, Health, and Safety (EHS) Department, one informant from Electric and Instrument (E & I) Department, and one informant from Biodiesel Production Department. Method of collecting informations is through interviews, observation and document review, then will be analyzed with conten analysis method and the data are presented in narrative form. The result showed management polices committed to creating a healthy working environment and disseminated to all employees through simulated fires. The company has also set rules to control the source of fire and flammable material. Education and training has been given to employees regularly 2 up to 3 times a year. Installation of fire protection systems according to International standards National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) and routine inspection once per- month. The investigation and reporting of fire have existed and documented on the EHS's department and in 2013 the audit done internally. It is recommended that the implementation of fire prevention and control to be maintained and improved both concerning human resources and facilities which contribute to implementation of risk management, held fire risk appraisal and improving surveillance towards any kind of fire risks

Hybridization of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm with derivative-free local searches

The paper presents a multi-objective derivative-free and deterministic global/local hybrid algorithm for the efficient and effective solution of simulation-based design optimization (SBDO) problems. The objective is to show how the hybridization of two multi-objective derivative-free global and local algorithms achieves better performance than the separate use of the two algorithms in solving specific SBDO problems for hull-form design. The proposed method belongs to the class of memetic algorithms, where the global exploration capability of multi-objective deterministic particle swarm optimization is enriched by exploiting the local search accuracy of a derivative-free multi-objective line-search method. To the authors best knowledge, studies are still limited on memetic, multi-objective, deterministic, derivative-free, and evolutionary algorithms for an effective and efficient solution of SBDO for hull-form design. The proposed formulation manages global and local searches based on the hypervolume metric. The hybridization scheme uses two parameters to control the local search activation and the number of function calls used by the local algorithm. The most promising values of these parameters were identified using forty analytical tests representative of the SBDO problem of interest. The resulting hybrid algorithm was finally applied to two SBDO problems for hull-form design. For both analytical tests and SBDO problems, the hybrid method achieves better performance than its global and local counterparts

A multi-objective DIRECT algorithm for ship hull optimization

The paper is concerned with black-box nonlinear constrained multi-objective optimization problems. Our interest is the definition of a multi-objective deterministic partition-based algorithm. The main target of the proposed algorithm is the solution of a real ship hull optimization problem. To this purpose and in pursuit of an efficient method, we develop an hybrid algorithm by coupling a multi-objective DIRECT-type algorithm with an efficient derivative-free local algorithm. The results obtained on a set of “hard” nonlinear constrained multi-objective test problems show viability of the proposed approach. Results on a hull-form optimization of a high-speed catamaran (sailing in head waves in the North Pacific Ocean) are also presented. In order to consider a real ocean environment, stochastic sea state and speed are taken into account. The problem is formulated as a multi-objective optimization aimed at (i) the reduction of the expected value of the mean total resistance in irregular head waves, at variable speed and (ii) the increase of the ship operability, with respect to a set of motion-related constraints. We show that the hybrid method performs well also on this industrial problem

First direct observation of two protons in the decay of 45^{45}Fe with a TPC

The decay of the ground-state two-proton emitter 45Fe was studied with a time-projection chamber and the emission of two protons was unambiguously identified. The total decay energy and the half-life measured in this work agree with the results from previous experiments. The present result constitutes the first direct observation of the individual protons in the two-proton decay of a long-lived ground-state emitter. In parallel, we identified for the first time directly two-proton emission from 43Cr, a known beta-delayed two-proton emitter. The technique developped in the present work opens the way to a detailed study of the mechanism of ground-state as well as beta-delayed two-proton radioactivity.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Memory Inflation during Chronic Viral Infection Is Maintained by Continuous Production of Short-Lived, Functional T Cells

SummaryDuring persistent murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection, the T cell response is maintained at extremely high intensity for the life of the host. These cells closely resemble human CMV-specific cells, which compose a major component of the peripheral T cell compartment in most people. Despite a phenotype that suggests extensive antigen-driven differentiation, MCMV-specific T cells remain functional and respond vigorously to viral challenge. We hypothesized that a low rate of antigen-driven proliferation would account for the maintenance of this population. Instead, we found that most of these cells divided only sporadically in chronically infected hosts and had a short half-life in circulation. The overall population was supported, at least in part, by memory T cells primed early in infection, as well as by recruitment of naive T cells at late times. Thus, these data show that memory inflation is maintained by a continuous replacement of short-lived, functional cells during chronic MCMV infection

Analytical Benchmark Problems for Multifidelity Optimization Methods

The paper presents a collection of analytical benchmark problems specifically selected to provide a set of stress tests for the assessment of multifidelity optimization methods. In addition, the paper discusses a comprehensive ensemble of metrics and criteria recommended for the rigorous and meaningful assessment of the performance of multifidelity strategies and algorithms

Application of derivative-free multi-objective algorithms to reliability-based robust design optimization of a high-speed catamaran in real ocean environment

A reliability-based robust design optimization (RBRDO) for ship hulls is presented. A real ocean environment is considered, including stochastic sea state and speed. The optimization problem has two objectives: (a) the reduction of the expected value of the total resistance in waves and (b) the increase of the ship operability (reliability). Analysis tools include a URANS solver, uncertainty quantification methods and metamodels, developed and validated in earlier research. The design space is defined by an orthogonal four-dimensional representation of shape modifications, based on the Karhunen-Loeve expansion of free-form deformations of the original hull. The objective of the present paper is the assessment of deterministic derivative-free multi-objective optimization algorithms for the solution of the RBRDO problem, with focus on multi-objective extensions of the deterministic particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm. Three evaluation metrics provide the assessment of the proximity of the solutions to a reference Pareto front and their wideness.A Reliability-Based Robust Design Optimization (RBRDO) for ship hulls is presented. A real ocean environment is considered, including stochastic sea state and speed. The optimization problem has two objectives: (a) the reduction of the expected value of the total resistance in waves and (b) the increase of the ship operability (reliability). Analysis tools include a URANS solver, uncertainty quantification methods and metamodels, developed and validated in earlier research. The design space is defined by an orthogonal four-dimensional representation of shape modifications, based on the Karhunen-Loève expansion of free-form deformations of the original hull. The objective of the present paper is the assessment of deterministic derivativefree multi-objective optimization algorithms for the solution of the RBRDO problem, with focus on multiobjective extensions of the Deterministic Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) algorithm. Three evaluation metrics provide the assessment of the proximity of the solutions to a reference Pareto front and their wideness

Chemical Linkage to Injected Tissues Is a Distinctive Property of Oxidized Avidin

We recently reported that the oxidized avidin, named AvidinOX®, resides for weeks within injected tissues as a consequence of the formation of Schiff's bases between its aldehyde groups and tissue protein amino groups. We also showed, in a mouse pre-clinical model, the usefulness of AvidinOX for the delivery of radiolabeled biotin to inoperable tumors. Taking into account that AvidinOX is the first oxidized glycoprotein known to chemically link to injected tissues, we tested in the mouse a panel of additional oxidized glycoproteins, with the aim of investigating the phenomenon. We produced oxidized ovalbumin and mannosylated streptavidin which share with avidin glycosylation pattern and tetrameric structure, respectively and found that neither of them linked significantly to cells in vitro nor to injected tissues in vivo, despite the presence of functional aldehyde groups. The study, extended to additional oxidized glycoproteins, showed that the in vivo chemical conjugation is a distinctive property of the oxidized avidin. Relevance of the high cationic charge of avidin into the stable linkage of AvidinOX to tissues is demonstrated as the oxidized acetylated avidin lost the property. Plasmon resonance on matrix proteins and cellular impedance analyses showed in vitro that avidin exhibits a peculiar interaction with proteins and cells that allows the formation of highly stable Schiff's bases, after oxidation