106 research outputs found
Minimization variational principles for acoustics, elastodynamics, and electromagnetism in lossy inhomogeneous bodies at fixed frequency
The classical energy minimization principles of Dirichlet and Thompson are
extended as minimization principles to acoustics, elastodynamics and
electromagnetism in lossy inhomogeneous bodies at fixed frequency. This is done
by building upon ideas of Cherkaev and Gibiansky, who derived minimization
variational principles for quasistatics. In the absence of free current the
primary electromagnetic minimization variational principles have a minimum
which is the time-averaged electrical power dissipated in the body. The
variational principles provide constraints on the boundary values of the fields
when the moduli are known. Conversely, when the boundary values of the fields
have been measured, then they provide information about the values of the
moduli within the body. This should have application to electromagnetic
tomography. We also derive saddle point variational principles which correspond
to variational principles of Gurtin, Willis, and Borcea.Comment: 32 pages 0 figures (Previous version omitted references
On the forces that cable webs under tension can support and how to design cable webs to channel stresses
In many applications of Structural Engineering the following question arises:
given a set of forces applied at
prescribed points , under what
constraints on the forces does there exist a truss structure (or wire web) with
all elements under tension that supports these forces? Here we provide answer
to such a question for any configuration of the terminal points
in the two- and
three-dimensional case. Specifically, the existence of a web is guaranteed by a
necessary and sufficient condition on the loading which corresponds to a finite
dimensional linear programming problem. In two-dimensions we show that any such
web can be replaced by one in which there are at most elementary loops,
where elementary means the loop cannot be subdivided into subloops, and where
is the number of forces
applied at points strictly within the convex hull of
. In three-dimensions we show
that, by slightly perturbing ,
there exists a uniloadable web supporting this loading. Uniloadable means it
supports this loading and all positive multiples of it, but not any other
loading. Uniloadable webs provide a mechanism for distributing stress in
desired ways.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure
On periodic homogenization of highly contrasted elastic structures
While homogenization of periodic linear elastic structures is now a well-known procedure when the stiffness of the material varies inside fixed bounds, no homogenization formula is known which enables us to compute the effective properties of highly contrasted structures. Examples have been given in which the effective energy involves the strain-gradient but no general formula provides this strain-gradient dependence. Some formulas have been proposed which involve such terms and provide a small correction to the classical effective energy still when the stiffness of the material varies inside fixed bounds. The goal of this paper is to check the applicability of these formulas for highly contrasted structures. To that aim we focus on structures whose limit energy is already known and we compare the energies given by (i) the convergence results, (ii) the corrective formulas and (iii) by a direct numerical simulation of the complete structure
A 1D continuum model for beams with pantographic microstructure: asymptotic micro-macro identification and numerical results
In the standard asymptotic micro-macro identification theory, starting from a De Saint-Venant cylinder, it is possible to prove that, in the asymptotic limit, only flexible, inextensible, beams can be obtained at the macro-level. In the present paper we address the following problem: is it possible to find a microstructure producing in the limit, after an asymptotic micro-macro identification procedure, a continuum macro-model of a beam which can be both extensible and flexible? We prove that under certain hypotheses, exploiting the peculiar features of a pantographic microstructure, this is possible. Among the most remarkable features of the resulting model we find that the deformation energy is not of second gradient type only because it depends, like in the Euler beam model, upon the Lagrangian curvature, i.e. the projection of the second gradient of the placement function upon the normal vector to the deformed line, but also because it depends upon the projection of the second gradient of the placement on the tangent vector to the deformed line, which is the elongation gradient. Thus, a richer set of boundary conditions can be prescribed for the pantographic beam model. Phase transition and elastic softening are exhibited as well. Using the resulting planar 1D continuum limit homogenized macro-model, by means of FEM analyses, we show some equilibrium shapes exhibiting highly non-standard features. Finally, we conceive that pantographic beams may be used as basic elements in double scale metamaterials to be designed in future
A mathematical and numerical framework for ultrasonically-induced Lorentz force electrical impedance tomography
We provide a mathematical analysis and a numerical framework for Lorentz
force electrical conductivity imaging. Ultrasonic vibration of a tissue in the
presence of a static magnetic field induces an electrical current by the
Lorentz force. This current can be detected by electrodes placed around the
tissue; it is proportional to the velocity of the ultrasonic pulse, but depends
nonlinearly on the conductivity distribution. The imaging problem is to
reconstruct the conductivity distribution from measurements of the induced
current. To solve this nonlinear inverse problem, we first make use of a
virtual potential to relate explicitly the current measurements to the
conductivity distribution and the velocity of the ultrasonic pulse. Then, by
applying a Wiener filter to the measured data, we reduce the problem to imaging
the conductivity from an internal electric current density. We first introduce
an optimal control method for solving such a problem. A new direct
reconstruction scheme involving a partial differential equation is then
proposed based on viscosity-type regularization to a transport equation
satisfied by the current density field. We prove that solving such an equation
yields the true conductivity distribution as the regularization parameter
approaches zero. We also test both schemes numerically in the presence of
measurement noise, quantify their stability and resolution, and compare their
performance
Boundary Conditions in Porous Media: a Variational Approach
A general set of boundary conditions at
fluid-permeable interfaces between dissimilar fluid-filled porous matrices is
established starting from an extended Hamilton-Rayleigh principle. These conditions do
include friction and inertial effects. Once linearized, they encompass boundary
conditions relative to volume Darcy-Brinkman and to surface Saffman-Beavers-Joseph
dissipation effects
Shock Waves in Porous Media: A Variational Approach
In the paper `` Boundary Conditions in
Porous Media: A Variational Approach'' we present a kinematical framework suitable for
describing the motion of a continuum with a moving surface discontinuity. We also apply
the obtained results to the particular case of a porous medium with a solid-material
surface discontinuity. Nevertheless, more general problems such as the propagation of
shock waves in porous media have not been treated in the quoted paper, and are then
approached in the present work
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