Enhancing the computational speed of the modal Green function for the electric-field integral equation for a body of revolution

We propose an interpolation technique to reduce the computation time of the integrals involved in the electric field integral equation modal Green function for a perfectly conducting body of revolution in free space. The proposed technique is based on applying an appropriate interpolation to the singular part of the modal Green function, which is computationally expensive. By analyzing the electromagnetic scattering of various objects, it is shown that the proposed interpolation scheme can reduce the corresponding computational time by more than a factor of 100

Multi-Mode Analysis of Scattering by Bodies of Revolutions via the Combined-Field Integral Equation

The numerical simulation of electromagnetic scattering by PEC bodies of revolution (BORs) involves computing the modal Green functions (MGFs) arising in the electric field integral equation (EFIE) and magnetic field integral equation (EFIE) for a large number of modes. We achieve this by employing five-term recurrence relations that enable the accurate and efficient computation of the MGFs for a large sequence of modes. The computation time of the five-term recurrence relations is decreased by proper truncation of the associated infinite-dimensional matrix representations. The EFIE and MFIE are then employed together in the combined-field integral equation (CFIE), which overcomes the interior resonance problem that occurs in the electromagnetic scattering by PEC BORs with closed geometries. The performance of the proposed technique is validated by analyzing the scattering of modest to large-size PEC bodies of revolution

Local normal vector field formulation for polygonal building blocks in a Gabor representation

The usage of a spatial spectral domain integralequation solver for electromagnetic scattering from dielectricobjects provides a means to execute scattering simulationsfor lithography.We consider the extension of the localnormal vector field formulation to support polygonal buildingblocks in a Gabor series representation of functions.The usage of a spatial spectral domain integral equation solver for electromagnetic scattering from dielectric objects provides a means to execute scattering simulations for lithography. We consider the extension of the local normal vector field formulation to support polygonal building blocks in a Gabor series representation of functions

Does off-pump coronary revascularization confer superior organ protection in re-operative coronary artery surgery? A meta-analysis of observational studies

Off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB) has been hypothesised to be beneficial in the high-risk patient population undergoing re-operative coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). In addition, this technique has been demonstrated to provide subtle benefits in end-organ function including heart, lungs and kidney. The aims of this study were to assess whether OPCAB is associated with a lower incidence of major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) and other adverse outcomes in re-operative coronary surgery. Twelve studies, incorporating 3471 patients were identified by systematic literature review. These were meta-analysed using random-effects modelling. Primary endpoints were MACCE and other adverse outcomes including myocardial infarction, stroke, renal dysfunction, low cardiac output state, respiratory failure and atrial fibrillation. A significantly lower incidence of myocardial infarction, stroke, renal dysfunction, low cardiac output state, respiratory failure and atrial fibrillation was observed with OPCAB (OR 0.58; 95% CI (confidence interval) [0.39-0.87]; OR 0.37; 95% CI [0.17-0.79]; OR 0.39; 95% CI [0.24-0.63]; OR 0.14; 95% CI [0.04-0.56]; OR 0.36; 95% CI [0.24-0.54]; OR 0.41; 95% CI [0.22-0.77] respectively). Sub-group analysis using sample size, matching score and quality score was consistent with and reflected these significant findings. Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting reduces peri-operative and short-term major adverse outcomes in patients undergoing re-operative surgery. Consequently we conclude that OPCAB provides superior organ protection and a safer outcome profile in re-operative CABG