Del fascinante fascismo a la fascinante violencia : psico/bio/necro/política y mercado gore

En este trabajo nos proponemos hacer un análisis de lo que Susan Sontag entendía como fascinante fascismo y la manera en la cual la mass media y el Big Data le dan continuidad a dicha ideología a través de regímenes visuales violentos que aquí denominamos como la fascinante violencia, esto con el fin de aportar algunas claves para pensar en la rentabilización y consumo de la violencia visual en el México contemporáneo. Proponemos, que el régimen necro-escópico de la narcocultura es también un régimen económico que alimenta nichos importantes del mercado global, y que asociado al imaginario cultural g-local, producido por las industrias culturales, recupera la estetización de la violencia ultra-especializada (heredada del colonialismo y del fascismo) y la re-combina con técnicas de gestión de la subjetividad a través de los regímenes psico/necro/biopolíticos.En aquest treball ens proposem fer una anàlisi del qual Susan Sontag entenia com fascinante fascismo i la manera en la qual la mass media y el Big Data li donen continuïtat a aquesta ideologia a través de règims visuals violents que aquí anomenem com la fascinante violencia, això amb la finalitat d'aportar algunes claus per a pensar en la rendibilització i consum de la violència visual en el Mèxic contemporani. Proposem, doncs, que el règim necroscòpic de la narcocultura és també un règim econòmic que alimenta nínxols importants del mercat global, i que associat a l'imaginari cultural g-local, produït per les indústries culturals, recupera la estetització de la violència ultraespecialitzada (heretada del colonialisme i del feixisme)iy la recombina amb tècniques de gestió de la subjectivitat a través dels règims psico/necro/biopolítics.In this paper we propose an analysis of what Susan Sontag understood as fascinating fascism and the way in which the mass media and the Big Data give continuity to this ideology through violent visual regimes that we refer as the fascinating violence, this in order to provide some clues to think about the profitability and consumption of visual violence in contemporary Mexico. We propose that the necro-scopic regime of the narco culture is an economic system that feeds important niches of the global market, which associated with the cultural g-local imaginary, produced by the cultural industries, retrieves the beautification of violence (legacy of colonialism and fascism) and re-combined with techniques of the psycho/necro/biopolitical regimes

Chemical composition, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of Laureliopsis philippiana essential oil of Chile, study in vitro and in silico

Chilean Laureliopsis philippiana has been used in traditional medicine by the Mapuche and their ancestors. To evaluate its pharmacological activity, Laureliopsis philippiana leaf essential oil extract (LP_EO) was chemically and biologically characterized in the present study. In vitro antioxidant potential was analyzed, and antitumor activity was evaluated in non-tumor and tumor cell culture lines. Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model for evaluating toxicity, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The oil contains six major monoterpenes: eucalyptol (27.7 %), linalool (27.6 %), isozaphrol (19.5 %), isohomogenol (12.6 %), α-terpineol (7.7 %), and eudesmol (4.8 %). Based on quantum mechanical calculations, isosafrole and isohomogenol conferred in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activity to LP_EO. In addition, LP_EO showed antimicrobial activity against clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates (MIC 64 and MBC > 128 μg·mL−1), Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 32 and MBC > 64 μg·mL−1), Escherichia coli (MIC 8 and MBC 16 μg·mL−1) and Candida albicans (MIC 64 and > 128 μg·mL−1). LP_EO could selectively inhibit the proliferation of epithelial tumor cell lines but showed low toxicity against Caenorhabditis elegans (0.39 to 1.56 μg·mL−1). Therefore, LP_EO may be used as a source of bioactive compounds in novel pharmacological treatments for veterinary and human application, cosmetics, or sanitation.Fil: Bruna, Flavia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Fernández, Katia. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Urrejola, Felipe. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Touma, Jorge. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Navarro, Myriam. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Sepúlveda, Betsabet. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Larrazabal Fuentes, María. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Paredes, Adrián. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Neira, Iván. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Ferrando, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Osorio, José Manuel. Universidad Andrés Bello; Chile. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Yáñez, Osvaldo. Universidad de Las Américas.; Ecuador. Center of New Drugs for Hypertension; ChileFil: Bravo, Jessica. Universidad Diego Portales; Chil

The essential oil from Drimys winteri possess activity: Antioxidant, theoretical chemistry reactivity, antimicrobial, antiproliferative and chemical composition

The Mapuche and their ancestors have used D. winteri in traditional medicine. In the present study, the essential oil extract of D. winteri leaves (DW_EO) were characterized chemically and biologically to evaluate its pharmacological activity. In vitro antioxidant activity was assayed, and antitumor activity was evaluated in non-tumor and tumor-cell culture lines. Caenorhabditis elegans was used as a model to evaluate toxicity, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The chemical oil composition was characterized principally of five major terpenes: 4 sesquiterpenes γ-Eudesmol (39.7%), β-Caryophyllene (33.7%), Elemol (25.9%), α-Eudesmol (0.3%) and 1 diterpene Kaunene (0.4%). By quantum calculations, it was determined that all oils have the ability to capture and yield electrons, which is consistent with the moderate antioxidant activity of DW_EO detected in vitro. Furthermore, by molecular docking is estimated that these oils can bind to proteins involved in the production of oxygen radicals. Of these proteins, CYP2C9 could bind energetically, reaching binding energy between −6.8 and −9.2 kCal/mol for the 5 terpenes studied, highlighting among these β-Caryophyllen and γ-Eudesmol. DW_EO has effect against H. pylori (MIC 32 μg/ml), S. aureus (MIC 8 μg/ml), E. coli (MIC 32 μg/ml) and C. albicans (MIC 64 μg/ml), β-Caryophyllen and γ -Eudesmol (MIC 64 μg/ml) and could selectively inhibit the proliferation of epithelial tumor cell lines but showed low against C. elegans (0.39–1.56 μg mL−1). Therefore, DW_EO may be used as a source of bioactive compounds in novel pharmacological treatments for medical application, agronomics, sanitation, and food.Fil: Bruna, Flavia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; Argentina. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Fernández, Katia. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Urrejola, Felipe. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Touma, Jorge. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Navarro, Myriam. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Sepúlveda, Betsabet. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Larrazabal Fuentes, María. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Paredes, Adrián. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Neira, Iván. Universidad de Antofagasta (uantof);Fil: Ferrando, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Osorio, José Manuel. Universidad Diego Portales; Chile. Universidad Andrés Bello; ChileFil: Yañez, Osvaldo. Universidad de Las Américas.; Ecuador. Center of New Drugs for Hypertension; ChileFil: Bravo, Jessica. Universidad Diego Portales; Chil

The chemical compositions of essential oils derived from cryptocarya alba and laurelia sempervirens possess antioxidant, antibacterial and antitumoral activity potential

Cryptocarya alba (Peumo; CA) and Laurelia sempervirens (Laurel; LS) are herbs native to the Chilean highlands and have historically been used for medicinal purposes by the Huilliches people. In this work, the essential oils were extracted using hydrodistillation in Clevenger apparatus and analyzed by GC-MS to determine their composition. The antioxidant capacity (AC) was evaluated in vitro. The cytotoxicity was determined using cell line cultures both non tumoral and tumoral. The toxicity was determined using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against 52 bacteria using the agar disc diffusion method and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined. The principal compounds found in C. alba essential oil (CA_EO) were α-terpineol (24.96%) and eucalyptol (21.63%) and were isazafrol (91.9%) in L. sempervirens essential oil (LS_EO). Both EOs showed antioxidant capacity in vitro. Both EO showed antibacterial activity against bacteria using. LS_EO showed more inhibitory effect on these cell lines respect to CA_EO. Both EOs showed toxicity against the nematode C. elegans at 3.12–50 mg/mL. The essential oils of CA and LS have an important bioactive potential in their antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity activity. Both essential oils could possibly be used in the field of natural medicine, natural food preservation, cosmetics, sanitation and plaguicides among others.Fil: Touma, Jorge. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Navarro, Myriam. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Sepúlveda, Betsabet. Universidad de Chile; ChileFil: Pavon, Alequis. Universidad Autónoma de Chile; ChileFil: Corsini, Gino. Universidad Autónoma de Chile; ChileFil: Fernández, Katia. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Quezada, Claudia. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Torres, Angelo. Universidad Austral de Chile; ChileFil: Larrazabal Fuentes, María José. Universidad de Antofagasta; ChileFil: Paredes, Adrian. Universidad de Antofagasta; ChileFil: Neira, Ivan. Universidad de Antofagasta; ChileFil: Ferrando, Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Bruna, Flavia Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo; ArgentinaFil: Venegas, Alejandro. Universidad Diego Portales; ChileFil: Bravo, Jessica. Universidad Diego Portales; Chil

Análisis de irregularidades en niveles de expresión génica utilizando secuenciación de nueva generación Illumina

64 p.A partir del proyecto Fondecyt N11090234, se secuenció el Transcriptoma de Nannochloropsis salina para encontrar genes diferencialmente expresados en dos condiciones biotecnológicamente importantes: alta concentración de CO2 y alta intensidad de luz. Para esto, primero se generó una librería de expresión normalizada con ambas condiciones, que fue secuenciada por Roche-454 creando un Transcriptoma de Referencia. Luego, dos librerías sin normalizar fueron secuenciadas con Illumina y estas secuencias se utilizaron para mejorar lo obtenido desde 454 y para alinearlas sobre el Transcriptoma de Referencia, midiendo así la expresión génica. De esta forma, se observa la cantidad de genes diferencialmente expresados en las condiciones mencionadas previamente. Sin embargo, al momento de alinear las lecturas IIlumina sobre la referencia, no se observó una distribución homogénea de las lecturas. Se observó que muchas secuencias, mapeaban de forma no homogénea y no sólo en la zona codificante de los contigs. Además, el mapeo mostró pics particulares en distintas partes del contig. Para evaluar las razones e implicancias de este comportamiento anómalo, en este trabajo se utilizaron diferentes herramientas bioinformáticas, informáticas y matemáticas, las cuales se enmarcaron en Biológicas y Artefactos del Secuenciador utilizado, de forma mutuamente excluyente. Una vez encontradas las causas de las mencionadas anomalías, se procedió a determinar en qué medida afectan a la Expresión Génica y Diferencial de N. salina. En consecuencia, se logra determinar que las causas de los pics son lecturas Illumina duplicadas durante el proceso de amplificación de las mismas, dichas anomalías, además, no afectan de forma significativa los niveles de expresión del organismo en estudio./ABSTRACT: Fondecyt project N 11090234 sequenced the transcriptome of Nannochloropsis salina in order to find differentially expressed genes in two biotechnologically important conditions: high concentration of CO2 and high light intensity. With this aim, we generated a normalized expression library with both conditions, which was then sequenced using Roche-454 technology to create a Reference Transcriptome. Then, two un-normalized libraries were sequenced using Illumina technology and these sequences were used to improve those obtained from 454 and also were aligned on the reference transcriptome, in this manner measuring gene expression. As a result, we find the number of genes differentially expressed in the above conditions. However, when Illumina reads were aligned to the reference, not observed a homogeneous distribution of reads, many of them mapped not only into the coding region of unigenes. In addition, the mapping showed specific peaks in different parts of the unigene. To evaluate the reasons and implications of this anomalous behavior, in this study we used different bioinformatics, computing and mathematics tools, which are framed in Biological and Sequencer Artifacts used, mutually exclusive. Once found the causes of the above anomalies, we proceeded to determine the extent affect Differential and Gene Expression for N. salina. Accordingly, it is able to determine the causes of the peaks are Illumina duplicate readings during the amplification process thereof, such anomalies also not significantly affect expression levels of the organism under study

Diluvio Nerudiano

https://digitalcommons.otterbein.edu/tebusco/1141/thumbnail.jp

Screening and determination of pesticides in soil using continuous subcritical water extraction and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry

In the present work the efficiency of water under subcritical conditions for the extraction of pesticides having a broad spectrum of polarities from soils was evaluated. The pesticides under study were carbofuran, hexachlorobenzene, dimethoate, simazine, atrazine, lindane, diazinon, methylparathion, alachlor, aldrin-R, metholachlor, chlorpyrifos, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, 4,4-DDT and metoxichlor. Optimization studies were carried out using a blank soil (Non-Polluted Soil 1, CLN-1, RTC) and a real soil which were previously spiked with the pesticide mixture and aged for 60 days. A laboratory-made aluminum oven with controlled temperature was used to carry out the leaching process with subcritical water, where it is placed a pre-heater and the extraction cell. The following variables were studied, keeping the pressure controlled about 1200 p.s.i.: the extraction temperature, the time of static and dynamic extraction and the flow-rate of water (1 p.s.i.=6894.76 Pa). The extraction efficiency of the pesticides increases with the temperature trending to the quantitative extraction at temperatures near to 300 degreesC. After the extraction process, the analytes were transferred quantitatively to 5 ml dichloromethane, before the determination by GC-MS. The results indicate that under the optimized conditions mostly of the analytes are extracted quantitatively in 90 min with recoveries quite similar to those obtained by the standard Soxhlet extraction procedure. Alternatively, by using an extraction time of 25 min, the method can be used as screening for all the pesticides, with recoveries depending on their polarity

CARACTERÍSTICAS DEL PESO, EDAD GESTACIONAL Y TIPO DE PARTO DE RECIÉN NACIDOS EN EL SISTEMA PÚBLICO Y PRIVADO

Objetivo: Comparar la edad gestacional, el peso y tipo de parto de recién nacidos atendidos en el sistema público y privado de salud, Concepción, Chile. Método: Se incluyeron 2.540 recién nacidos de embarazos únicos, entre las 28 y 42 semanas, desde octubre de 2004 a julio 2005; 1.531 pertenecientes al sistema público y 1.009 del privado. Se utilizó el sistema de salud como variable independiente y la edad gestacional, peso y tipo de parto, como variables dependientes. Resultados: La tasa de prematurez en el sistema público fue significativamente mayor (10,68% vs 5,32%), como también el peso neonatal promedio menor (2.383 g vs 2.786 g). Los recién nacidos de término del sistema privado tuvieron peso promedio al nacer inferior (3.326 g vs 3.458 g). La tasa global de cesárea fue 51,8%; 81% en el sistema privado y 32,6% en el público. En el sistema privado el 55,4% fueron cesáreas electivas y 63,1% de ellas realizadas entre las 37 y 38 semanas. Conclusión: El acceso de pacientes beneficiarias del sistema público al sistema privado, aparece como un avance en lograr igualdad en salud, pero eso no se refleja en mejores resultados perinatales y en la tasa de cesárea