Parasystole in a Mahaim Accessory Pathway

AbstractAutomaticity has been described in Mahaim pathways, both spontaneously and during radiofrequency ablation. We describe an unusual case of automatic rhythm from a Mahaim pathway presenting as parasystole. The parasystolic beats were also found to initiate tachycardia, resulting in initial presentation with incessant tachycardia and tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy

APHRODISIAC ACTIVITY OF CYCAS CIRCINALIS.L AND IONIDIUM SUFFRUTICOSUM.GING ON MALE WISTER ALBINO RATS

Introduction: Cycas circinalis .L and Ionidium suffruticosum. Ging are the two herbs used in Siddha system of medicine (Indian Medicine) for years together to improve the fertility of male. Objective: The aphrodisiac activities of the two herbs Cycas circinalis .L and Ionidium suffruticosum. Ging were tested on male albino rats and compared the effect with normal and positive control male albino rats. Materials and Methods: The present study involves 4 groups, each group has 6 healthy sexually active male albino rats. The Cycas circinalis and Ionidium suffruticosum extract (200mg/kg body weight) were administered orally to 2 experimental group of albino rats and its sexual performance was compared to the normal albino rats (given normal saline) and positive control albino rats (given Sildenafil citrate 4.5mg/kg body weight). The aphrodisiac activities of rats due to the effect of the herb were observed by various parameters such as mount frequency, mount latency, intromission frequency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency, post ejaculatory Interval and total sexual behavior. The data's were analyzed using one way ANOVA and found to be statistically significant. Results: The herbs showed significant positive results in improving various parameters involved in maintaining maleness. The study proves that Cycas circinalis and Ionidium suffruticosum both have aphrodisiac activity and Ionidium suffruticosum was proved to be more effective and almost has the similar effect of Sildenafil citrate. Conclusion The herbal extracts possessing aphrodisiac activity will be of great use for males suffering from sexual disorders like impotence. KEYWORDS: Ionidium suffruticosum, Cycas circinalis, Aphrodisiac activity, Mount frequency, Mount latency, Intromission frequency, Intromission latency, Ejaculation latency, Post ejaculatory interval, Total sexual behavior

Annular pancreas - literature

Abstract Introduction: Annular pancreas is a very rare adulthood. Here we present a rare case of Annular pancreas which presented in neonatal period. The child presented with bilious vomiting and the AXR revealed classical Double bubble appea did Kimura's diamond shaped Duoden

Segmentation of Medical Images with Adaptable Multifunctional Discretization Bayesian Neural Networks and Gaussian Operations

Bayesian statistics is incorporated into a neural network to create a Bayesian neural network (BNN) that adds posterior inference aims at preventing overfitting. BNNs are frequently used in medical image segmentation because they provide a stochastic viewpoint of segmentation approaches by producing a posterior probability with conventional limitations and allowing the depiction of uncertainty over following distributions. However, the actual efficacy of BNNs is constrained by the difficulty in selecting expressive discretization and accepting suitable following disseminations in a higher-order domain. Functional discretization BNN using Gaussian processes (GPs) that analyze medical image segmentation is proposed in this paper. Here, a discretization inference has been assumed in the functional domain by considering the former and dynamic consequent distributions to be GPs. An upsampling operator that utilizes a content-based feature extraction has been proposed. This is an adaptive method for extracting features after feature mapping is used in conjunction with the functional evidence lower bound and weights. This results in a loss-aware segmentation network that achieves an F1-score of 91.54%, accuracy of 90.24%, specificity of 88.54%, and precision of 80.24%

Foliar application of Ascophyllum nodosum on improvement of photosynthesis, fruit setting percentage, yield and quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

In recent days, liquid formulations of brown seaweed extract, Ascophyllum nodosum used as a biostimulant in agriculture. Various studies suggest that A. nodosum enhanced the growth and yield of agriculturally important crops, but still, there is a lack of information about the biostimulation effects on photosynthesis, flowering and fruit setting of tomato. Hence, the present study aimed to know the effect of foliar application of A. nodosum on photosynthesis, flowering, fruit setting, yield and quality of tomato. A biostimulant product, MC Set with A. nodosum extract applied to tomato as a foliar spray at rates of three different concentrations such as 1.0 L ha−1 (MS 1), 2.0 L ha−1 (MS 2), 3.0 L ha−1 (MS 3) for six times during flowering of 2nd (30 Days after transplanting – DAT), 3rd (40 DAT) and 4th (50 DAT) cluster and fruit setting of 2nd (60 DAT), 3rd (70 DAT) and 4th (80 DAT) cluster respectively. The MC Set treatments enhanced the plant photosynthesis, flower number and fruit number per cluster, yield and quality traits of tomato. However, the middle concentration MS 2 showed highest photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, SPAD value, flower and fruit in 2nd, 3rd and 4th cluster. It also had better average fruit weight and yield per plant and hectare and enhanced the quality parameters such as total soluble solids, ascorbic acid content, lycopene and total sugars compared to control and other two concentrations of MS Set. Hence, using A. nodosum extract on tomato growth could be a better sustainable crop production method.

Measure of image enhancement by parameter controlled histogram distribution using color image

Abstract: Histogram Equalization (HE) technique is simple and effectively used for contrast enhancement. But HE is not suitable for consumer electronic products because it may produces washed out appearance image. The new quantitative measures of image enhancement and frequency domain based methods used for object detection and visualization and enhancement technique driven by both global and local process on luminance and chrominance components of the image. This measure of image enhancement is related with the concepts of Weber's law of the human visual systems. It helps to choose the best parameters and transform. This approach based on parameter controlled histogram distribution method can enhance simultaneously overall contrast and sharpness of an image. This approach also increases the visibility of specified portions or better maintaining image color. This analysis provides better performance for contrast enhancement Index terms: Histogram equalization, Image enhancement, Contrast enhancement, I.INTRODUCTION A digital image is converted into analogy signal which is scanned into a display. Before the processing image is converted into digital format, Digitization includes sampling of image and quantization of sampled values. After converting the image into bit, information is processed. In image processing, images are available in digitized form that is arrays of finite length binary format. For digitization, the given images are sampled on a discrete grid and each sample or pixel is quantized using a finite number of bits. The digitized image is used in computer. Image enhancement which transforms digital images to enhance the visual information. To enhance image contrast is the intensity mapping that reassigns the intensity of pixels through a monotonically increasing function. Primary operation for all vision and image processing tasks in several areas. In forensic video/image analysis tasks surveillance videos have quite different qualities compared with other videos such as the videos for high quality entertainment or TV broadcasting. Enhancement transformation to modify the contrast of an image within a display's dynamic range is therefore required in order to show full information content in the videos. Contrast enhancement is an important function in image processing applications. The objective of this method is to make an image clearly recognized for a specific application. Point operation based enhancement techniques are contrast stretching, non-linear point transformation, histogram modeling. The non-linearity is introduced by many imaging lighting device which can be described with a point operation. Gamma correction is using the power law's light intensity operation [1] which is adjusting the lightness/darkness level of their prints. X=(x) (1/gamma value) Where x is the original pixel value. Depending on the gamma value, image can be lightened or darkened. so, it will improve visual contrast and also decreases the visual contrast too. Histogram Equalization (HE) is most popular technique for contrast enhancement. HE makes uniform distribution of the gray level for an image. But, consumer electronics such as Flat panel display (FPD), HE is rarely applied in directly because the significant changes in brightness [2]. The HE effectiveness is depends on the contrast of the original image. In general, HE will flatten out the probability distribution of an image and increase its dynamic range and also will make the average brightness towards the middle gray level of an image regardless of the input image, and produce the objectionable artifacts and unnatural contrast effect. This makes the visual quality of processed image is unsatisfactory. Surveillance videos have quietly different qualities compared with other videos such as videos for high quality entertainment or T

Inhibition of L-Type Ca 2+ Channels by TRPC1-STIM1 Complex Is Essential for the Protection of Dopaminergic Neurons

Loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons leads to Parkinson’s disease; however, the mechanism(s) for the vulnerability of DA neurons is(are) not fully understood. We demonstrate that TRPC1 regulates the L-type Ca2 channel that contributes to the rhythmic activity of adult DA neurons in the substantia nigra region. Store depletion that activates TRPC1, via STIM1, inhibits the frequency and amplitude of the rhythmic activity in DA neurons of wild-type, but not in TRPC1/, mice. Similarly, TRPC1/ substantia nigra neurons showed increased L-type Ca2 currents, decreased stimulation-dependent STIM1-Cav1.3 interaction, and decreased DA neurons. L-type Ca2 currents and the open channel probability of Cav1.3 channels were also reduced upon TRPC1 activation, whereas increased Cav1.3 currents were observed upon STIM1 or TRPC1 silencing. Increased interaction between Cav1.3-TRPC1-STIM1 was observed upon store depletion and the loss of either TRPC1 or STIM1 led to DA cell death, which was prevented by inhibiting L-type Ca2 channels. Neurotoxins that mimic Parkinson’s disease increased Cav1.3 function, decreased TRPC1 expression, inhibited Tg-mediated STIM1-Cav1.3 interaction, and induced caspase activation. Importantly, restoration of TRPC1 expression not only inhibited Cav1.3 function but increased cell survival. Together, we provide evidence that TRPC1 suppresses Cav1.3 activity by providing an STIM1-based scaffold, which is essential for DA neuron survival.Fil: Sun, Yuyang. University of North Dakota; Estados UnidosFil: Zhang, Haopeng. University of North Dakota; Estados UnidosFil: Selvaraj, Senthil. University of North Dakota; Estados UnidosFil: Sukumaran, Pramod. University of North Dakota; Estados UnidosFil: Lei, Saobo. University of North Dakota; Estados UnidosFil: Birnbaumer, Lutz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Singh, Brij B.. University of North Dakota; Estados Unido

Importance of Protein Kinase and Its Inhibitor: A Review

Deregulation of a broad range of protein kinases has been linked to the development and growth of cancer cells. Protein kinases are intracellular enzymes that regulate cell growth and proliferation as well as the triggering and regulation of immune responses. Protein kinases are important therapeutic targets in cancer because of their critical role in signalling mechanisms that drive malignant cell characteristics. Intensive efforts in drug research have been made in this area over the last two decades. The current study delves into the catalytic domain of a protein kinase as well as information transfer from the cell’s membrane to internal targets. It also discusses the function of protein kinases in signal transduction and their cellular signalling pathways. Furthermore, it specifically outlines a systematic method to hybrid therapies to solve the issue of protein kinase resistance. The therapeutic use of nitric oxide, as well as other targets such as Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K), Protein Kinase B (Akt), serine/threonine protein kinase (mTOR), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), and anaplastic lymphoma (ALK) etc., According to the review article, selective therapy has shown high effectiveness in the treatment of advanced cancer, with protein kinase inhibitors being a main focus of the therapy. As a result, the latest review summarized that, the current state of science with the aim of identifying a novel protein kinase inhibitor that may be utilized in the treatment of advanced cancers

Association of comorbidity burden with abnormal cardiac mechanics: Findings from the HyperGEN study

BACKGROUND: Comorbidities are common in heart failure (HF), and the number of comorbidities has been associated with poor outcomes in HF patients. However, little is known about the effect of multiple comorbidities on cardiac mechanics, which could impact the pathogenesis of HF. We sought to determine the relationship between comorbidity burden and adverse cardiac mechanics. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed speckle‐tracking analysis on echocardiograms from the HyperGEN study (n=2150). Global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strain, and early diastolic (e') tissue velocities were measured. We evaluated the association between comorbidity number and cardiac mechanics using linear mixed effects models to account for relatedness among subjects. The mean age was 51±14 years, 58% were female, and 47% were African American. Dyslipidemia and hypertension were the most common comorbidities (61% and 58%, respectively). After adjusting for left ventricular (LV) mass index, ejection fraction, and several potential confounders, the number of comorbidities remained associated with all indices of cardiac mechanics except global circumferential strain (eg, β=−0.32 [95% CI −0.44, −0.20] per 1‐unit increase in number of comorbidities for global longitudinal strain; β=−0.16 [95% CI −0.20, −0.11] for e' velocity; P≤0.0001 for both comparisons). Results were similar after excluding participants with abnormal LV geometry (P<0.05 for all comparisons). CONCLUSIONS: Higher comorbidity burden is associated with worse cardiac mechanics, even in the presence of normal LV geometry. The deleterious effect of multiple comorbidities on cardiac mechanics may explain both the high comorbidity burden and adverse outcomes in patients who ultimately develop HF

Association of left atrial structure and function with heart failure in older adults

Background: Limited data exist to characterize novel measures of left atrial (LA) structure and function in older adults without prevalent heart failure (HF). Objectives: To assess reference range of LA measures, their associations with N-terminal pro-brain-natriuretic-peptide (NTproBNP) and the related risk for incident HF or death. Methods: We analyzed LA structure [LA maximal and minimal volume indexed by body surface area (LAViMax and LAViMin)] and function [LA emptying fraction, LA reservoir, conduit and contraction strain] in 4901 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (mean age 75±5 years, 40% male and 19% black) without prevalent HF. We assessed gender-specific 10th and 90th percentile ARIC-based reference limits in 301 participants free of prevalent cardiovascular disease, and related LA measures to NTproBNP and incident HF or death (median follow-up of 5.5 years) in the whole ARIC cohort. Results: Approximately 20% of the overall population had LA abnormalities according to the ARIC-based reference limit. Each LA measure was associated with NTproBNP and, except for LAViMax, with incident HF or death after multivariable adjustment. Results were consistent in participants with normal LAViMax (p for interaction&gt;0.05). LA measures were prognostic for both incident HFpEF or death and incident HFrEF or death. When added to HF risk factors and NTproBNP (baseline C-statistics=0.74) all LA measures, except for LAViMax, significantly enhanced the prognostic accuracy. Conclusion: Novel measures of LA structure and function, but not standard assessment by LAViMax, are associated with increased risk of incident HF or death regardless of measures of LV function and NTproBNP