TD-1A: Press kit

The scientific experiments onboard the Thor-Delta 1Z spacecraft are described. The experiments were designed to study high energy emissions from stellar and galactic sources and the Sun not visible to earth bound observations. Studies were also made of the ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, gamma rays unhindered by the blanketing and absorbing effect of the earth's atmosphere

Children are motivated

Bacheloroppgave, grunnskolelærerutdanning, 2013Sammendrag: Motivasjon er et begrep som ofte brukes i skolesammenheng. I følge Manger (2010), kan motivasjon betraktes som en tilstand som forårsaker aktivitet hos individet, styrer aktiviteten i bestemte retninger og holder den ved like. Det er forskjellige årsaker til at elever blir motivert for en aktivitet. Noen elever er indre motiverte, andre trenger en form for ytre motivasjon, mens noen igjen er mestringsorientering eller har en prestasjonsmotivasjon. Innen forskning er det kommet frem flere syn på motivasjon. De teoriene som er utviklet legger vekt på forskjellige årsaker til motivasjon, og hva som kan gjøres for å forbedre den. I matematikk er det flere ting en lærer kan gjøre for å øke motivasjonen til elevene. Undervisningen må legges opp slik at alle elevene har en mulighet til å bli motiverte. Gjennom forventninger og tydelig klasseledelse, har læreren muligheter til å få til dette.Summary: Motivation is a term often used in school context. According to Manger (2010), motivation is considered a condition that causes activity, controls the activity and maintains it over a period of time. There are different reasons why students are motivated. Some have a form of intrinsic motivation, others need a form of extrinsic motivation, while others again are motivated by how the succeed and by achievements. In research there are several views on motivation. The theories that are developed, emphasizing different causes of motivation and they are looking at what can be done to improve it. In mathematics, there are several things a teacher can do to increase the motivation of students. If all students should have an opportunity to be motivated, the teaching has to be structured. By expectations an classroom management, the teacher has the opportunity to achieve this

Production of Acetaldehyde from Ethanol in Coastal Waters

Interest in understanding the cycling of ethanol in the environment has grown as ethanol use as a gasoline additive has increased. The production of acetaldehyde from ethanol was measured in Southern California coastal seawater. The rate of increase of acetaldehyde was positively correlated with the rate constant for ethanol biodegradation and bacteria count and was consistent with two consecutive first-order reactions where acetaldehyde is first biologically produced from ethanol then consumed. Correlation with bacteria counts suggested that acetaldehyde degradation was also a biological process. The rate constants for acetaldehyde production from ethanol and acetaldehyde loss averaged 3.0 ± 3.4 × 10−3 min−1 and 2.3 ± 4.5 × 10−2 min−1 respectively. The branching ratio for acetaldehyde production from ethanol was 0.46 ± 0.26 and estimated acetaldehyde biological production rates ranged from 0.022 to 0.800 nM min−1. With high bacterial counts, biological production rates from ethanol exceeded photochemical production rates from chromophoric dissolved organic matter. Overall, acetaldehyde production rates were larger than biodegradation rates, suggesting these waters are a source of acetaldehyde to the atmosphere. Extrapolation to higher ethanol concentrations associated with spills suggests that the production rate of acetaldehyde will initially increase and then decrease as ethanol concentrations increase

Biological Degredation of Acetaldehyde in Southern California Wetlands

Oxygenated hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the atmosphere with levels ranging from low ppt (acetaldehyde) to low ppb(methanol). As an OH sink and an atmospheric HOx source, oxygenated hydrocarbons have a direct impact on the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. A better understanding of the processes that produce and destroy these species in natural water would improve our understanding of the role that these systems play in cycling these species into or out of the atmosphere. These species can be lost to chemical, photochemical, and partical mediated (abiotic and biotic) processes in natural waters. Chemical loss and photochemical loss are believed to be negligible. Chemical and particle mediated degradation rates of acetaldehyde were measured in a southern california coastal wetland over a 6 month period. Corrolation between partical mediated rates and bacteria levels suggest that loss is primarily due to bacterial consumption. All samples were collected in the coastal waters of Newport Back bay, the inland delta in Newport Beach, California. Degradation rates were determined by measuring concentrations of D-4 labeled acetaldehyde in seawater samples spiked to nM levels in 100-mL glass syringes over time. Isotope dilution purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry using C-13 labeled acetaldehyde as an internal standard was used to determine concentrations. Degradation rates were not measurable for 0.2-µm filtered seawater samples

Language focus in science

Bacheloroppgave, grunnskolelærerutdanning, 2013Sammendrag: Ser i denne oppgaven nærmere på hvilke holdninger tre lærere har til språk i naturfag, og hvilke metoder de bruker i sin undervisning. Ut fra kvalitative intervjuer analyseres det lærerne sier opp mot hva forskere sier er viktig innen læring av det naturfaglige språket og de grunnleggende ferdighetene lesing og skriving. Lærerne uttrykker alle en holdning som sier at språk er viktig i naturfag, men fordi noen av lærerne bruker metoder som i liten grad legger opp til at elevene får utviklet språk kompetansen sin tolkes det som et tegn på at de ikke at anser språk som så viktig i praksis.Summary: Have in this thesis explored a research question that focus on the attitude three teachers have to the importance of language in science, and what methods they are using in their teaching. The thesis are based on qualitative interviews and in my analysis I have compared what the teachers said up against what scientists say are important in the learning the language of science and how to achieve basic skills of reading and writing in all subjects. The three teachers express an attitude that says that language is important in science, but because some of them use methods that don’t focus on improving the student’s language skills I interpreted that as a sign off that they don’t consider language so important in science

Biological Degradation of Acetaldehyde in Southern California Coastal Waters

Oxygenated hydrocarbons are ubiquitous in the atmosphere with levels ranging from low ppt (acetaldehyde) to low ppb (methanol). As an OH sink and an atmospheric HOx and ozone source, oxygenated hydrocarbons have a direct impact on the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. The oceans are one of the largest sources of uncertainty in current atmospheric budget estimates of these species. A better understanding of the processes that produce and destroy these species in seawater would improve our understanding of the role of the oceans in cycling these species into or out of the atmosphere. We have measured the degradation rate of acetaldehyde in unfiltered and filtered southern California coastal waters. Rates were determined by following the concentrations of D-4 labelled acetaldehyde in spiked (nM levels) seawater in 100ml glass syringes as a function of time. Concentrations were determined by isotope dilution purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry using C-13 labelled acetaldehyde as the internal standard. Degradation rates in 0.2um filtered seawater were not measurable. Degradation rates in unfiltered seawater were first order and ranged from 0.046 to 0.32 hr-1. Bacteria levels were also measured in all samples. Acetaldehyde degradation rates scale with bacteria levels. Variability as a function of time, rainfall and other water quality parameters will be discussed

The Degradation of Acetaldehyde in Estuary Waters in Southern California, USA

Acetaldehyde plays an important role in oxidative cycles in the troposphere. Estimates of its air-water flux are important in global models. Biological degradation is believed to be the dominant loss process in water, but there have been few measurements, none in estuaries. Acetaldehyde degradation rates were measured in surface waters at the inflow to the Upper Newport Back Bay estuary in Orange County, Southern California, USA, over a 6-month period including the rainy winter season. Deuterated acetaldehyde was added to filtered and unfiltered water samples incubated in glass syringes, and its loss analyzed by purge and trap gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Filtered samples showed no significant degradation, suggesting that particle-mediated degradation is the dominant removal process. Correlation between measured degradation rate constants in unfiltered incubations and bacteria counts suggests the loss is due to microorganisms. Degradation in unfiltered samples followed first-order kinetics, with rate constants ranging from 0.0006 to 0.025 min-1 (k; average 0.0043 ± 0.006 min-1). Turnover (1/k) ranged from 40 to 1667 min, consistent with prior studies in coastal waters. Acetaldehyde concentrations in the estuary are estimated to range from 30 to ~500 nM (average ~250 nM). Results suggest the estuary is a source of acetaldehyde to the atmosphere

Forandring av selvoppfatning blant studenter i løpet av en bachelorutdanning i sykepleie

Selvoppfatning er av betydning for faglig framgang og kreativitet. Hensikten med denne studien var å beskrive forandring av selvoppfatning hos en gruppe sykepleierstudenter i løpet av sin treårige bachelorutdanning. En studiegruppe med 127 sykepleierstudenter ved en norsk høgskole besvarte et spørreskjema i første og siste studieår. Skalaer for måling av generell selvoppfatning og regelbevissthet samt spørsmål om bakgrunnsvariabler inngikk i spørreskjemaet. Resultatene viste at selvoppfatningen økte signifikant i løpet av utdanningen i den totale studiegruppen, og viktige faktorer var barn og opplevelse av tilfredshet. For ca 45% av deltakerne var selvoppfatningen enten lavere eller uforandret. Regelbevissthet minket i løpet av utdanningen og var ikke assosiert til studentenes selvoppfatning. Fortsatt forskning behøves for å klarlegge mulige påvirkningsfaktorer og for å finne tiltak som kan fremme en positiv utvikling av selvoppfatning hos studenter