Chemical vapour deposition of Ir-based coatings : chemistry, processes and applications

Chemical and materials science aspects of iridium-containing thin film formation by Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) methods for modern high-precision technology applications are considered. Chemical approaches to the synthesis of the main precursors used in CVD techniques, thin film growth processes and mechanisms as well as the main structure, composition and properties of iridium-containing thin films are analyzed, and modern thin film application examples are outlined. Numerical characterization of iridium-based thin film growth in 3D objects is presented

Thin films of fluorinated 3d-metal phthalocyanines as chemical sensors of ammonia: an optical spectroscopy study

A comparative study of the sensor response toward gaseous ammonia of hexadecafluorinated 3d-metal phthalocyanine (MPcF16, MCu(II), Co(II), Zn(II), Ni(II)) thin films was performed using complementary experimental (viz., surface plasmon resonance, SPR, and IR absorption spectroscopy) along with theoretical (density functional theory calculations, DFT) techniques. SPR measurements revealed changes of both thickness and optical parameters (refraction indices and extinction coefficients) of the MPcF16 films caused by adsorption of NH3. The MPcF16 species studied exhibited the following order of sensor response: ZnPcF16>CoPcF16≥CuPcF16>NiPcF16. A good correlation was found between the DFT calculated (B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,p)) binding energies, experimentally measured shift of the selected IR bands, and the optical sensor response. Apart from this, we performed a detailed assignment of all intense..

General aspects of surface chemistry of metal β-diketonates

Chemical reactions of metal β-diketonates, which are conventional CVD precursors, on hot surface, have been considered. Extensive experimental data on thermal behaviour of metal β-diketonate vapours obtained by hightemperature mass spectrometry have been generalized. The influence of different gas reagents on thermal stability of the compounds has been discussed. The main mechanisms of the decomposition of compounds under investigation, leading to metal and oxide formation on hot surface, have been established. Application of mass spectrometric data to the optimization of CVD processes (precursor choice, temperature range of deposition) has been shown. A possibility to predict film composition using the data on gaseous decomposition products has been considered

Teachers’ Moral Development in Master’s Degree Programs on Personality Development through Education

The relevance of the present issue is due to a strong need to provide pupils’ personality development, including socialization, spiritual and moral values and insufficient attention to appropriate teacher training. The aim of the article is to investigate modern teenagers’ and future teachers’ spiritual and moral values, and show the possibility of spiritual and moral development of future teachers in Master’s degree programs. A survey conducted with the help of a questionnaire is the main method in the research. The article presents the results of the survey, showing the difference in the worldview of a) pupils and students; b) students who study at institutions with a special spiritual and moral element and students whose program of study does not contain such special component. The results show the potential of special courses aimed at the spiritual and moral development of future teachers, carried out with the implementation of missionary practices and spiritual dialogue, in particular

Preparation of Teachers for Spiritual and Moral Education

The purpose of this research is improvement of bachelor’s and master’s programs in education for the spiritual and moral development of pupils. The relevance is proved with analysis of the data on value orientations of future teachers. The need to rely on traditional religious cultures of the country is noted. The research is aimed at forming of special programs of future teachers’ professional development through increasing their competence in the fields of theory and methods of spiritual and moral education and maintaining their professional position in the process of spiritual and moral education. The age dynamics of value orientations and methods of their appropriation, the dominance of cognitive, axiological or praxeological approaches at each stage are taken into account. Modular master's courses for teachers with higher pedagogical education are proposed, including the foundations of the main religious cultures; the courses for foreign language teachers can be supplemented by the religious culture of the studied folks. Participants prefer the combination of traditional and part-time e-learning master’s course. The importance of traditional "teacher-disciple" relationships and student-centered approach to educational activities as an environment to facilitate students’ abilities is underlined

In situ mass spectrometry during thermal CVD of the tris-acetylacetonates of 3-d transition metals

The processes of thermal decomposition of 3-d metal acetylacetonates (ScL3, VL3, CrL3, MnL3, FeL3, CoL3) and HL were investigated within the 370-870 K temperature range using a high-temperature molecular beam source with mass spectrometric sampling of the gas phase composition directly at the outlet from the reaction zone. A scheme of thermal decomposition of complexes vapour is suggested. According to the scheme, at the first reaction stage the β-diketone HLgas and [LM(L - H)ads and [L4M2(L - H)]ads intermediate species are formed on the surface in the "low-temperature" stage of decomposition processes. In the next "high-temperature" stage these intermediate species are decomposed to produce ML2, ML and (C5H6O), (C5H6O)2 gas species and metal oxides on the surface. The effective values of kinetic parameters in Arrhenius equation are calculated from temperature curves of ML3 complexes for the first order reaction. The saturated vapour pressure of these chelates was determined as a function of temperatures according to the Knudsen effusion method. From temperature dependence of vapour pressure the thermodynamic parameters of the chelate sublimation processes are calculated. It is shown that the volatility of complexes decreases in the row from Sc to Co compounds. The mechanisms of thermal decomposition of complexes in vapour phase and their conversion into the metal oxide on surface are discussed

The Potential of the Word for Adolescents’ Spiritual and Moral Development

Recently, a considerable literature has grown up around the theme of a low level of social responsibility in communication in the global world, leading to a small contribution to Mankind development. As stated by modern researchers, the situation in the field of education is characterized by spiritual and moral surfing, the prevalence of individual values in the value hierarchy, and the dominance of utilitarian-rational morality.The research purpose is to formulate approaches to the spiritual and moral development of modern adolescents, taking into account modern trends in the Russian society. This study employed survey methodology together with essays to investigate adolescents’ values. The results show that depriving the educational process of an efficient spiritual and moral component based on the ethnic cultural heritage gives the effect inverse to the goals of the education process. The absence of moral codes and guidelines for setting life goals results in the education of not a socially active person but the opposite one. The authors propose intensification of the religious culture study coupled with the formation of the cultural identity through the cultural heritage (history, literature, folklore) using individual educational trajectories.The practical significance of the research results is proved by the experiment of implementing spiritual and moral education at a teacher training university, a college, and comprehensive schools

Mass Spectrometric Study of Thermolysis Mechanism of Metal Acetylacetonates Vapour

The processes of thermal decomposition of aluminium(III) and scandium(III) acetylacetonates (Al(aa)3 and Sc(aa)3) were investigated in the 160-650°C temperature range using a high-temperature molecular beam source with mass spectrometric sampling of the gas phase composition directly at the outlet from the reaction zone. A scheme of thermal decomposition of aluminium(III) and scandium(III) acetylacetonates vapour is suggested. It is established that the common mechanism of thermolysis of these complexes is due to the commonness of electronic structure of ions Mg2+, Al3+, Sc3+ and Hf4+. According to the scheme, the process proceeds along three parallel routes, one of them being possible only for complexes possessing more than two ligands ; in this case the gaseous products resulting from cyclic dimerization of ligand fragments are formed. The influence of oxygen and hydrogen on the composition of the gaseous products and the mechanism of thermolysis of the complexes vapour are also established. From temperature curves, the effective values of kinetic parameters in Arrhenius equation are calculated for the first order reaction