Uncertainties of calculated coincidence-summing correction factors in gamma-ray spectrometry

Uncertainty propagation to the $\gamma$-$\gamma$ coincidence-summing correction factor from the covariances of the nuclear data and detection efficiencies have been formulated. The method was applied in the uncertainty analysis of the coincidence-summing correction factors in the $\gamma$-ray spectrometry of the $^{134}$Cs point source using a p-type coaxial HPGe detector.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the "2019 International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology" (ND2019

Nuclear data from AMS & nuclear data for AMS - some examples

We summarize some recent cross-section measurements using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). AMS represents an ultra-sensitive technique for measuring a limited, but steadily increasing number of longer-lived radionuclides. This method implies a two-step procedure with sample activation and subsequent AMS measurement. Applications include nuclear astrophysics, nuclear technology (nuclear fusion, nuclear fission and advanced reactor concepts and radiation dose estimations). A series of additional applications involves cosmogenic radionuclides in environmental, geological and extraterrestrial studies. Lack of information exists for a list of nuclides as pointed out by nuclear data requests. An overview of some recent measurements is given and the method is exemplified for some specific neutron-induced reactions.JRC.D.4-Standards for Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguard

Nuclear Data from AMS & Nuclear Data for AMS -some examples

We summarize some recent cross-section measurements using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). AMS represents an ultra-sensitive technique for measuring a limited, but steadily increasing number of longer-lived radionuclides. This method implies a two-st

Towards a More Complete and Accurate Experimental Nuclear Reaction Data Library (EXFOR): International Collaboration Between Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC)

The International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) coordinated by the IAEA Nuclear Data Section (NDS) is successfully collaborating in the maintenance and development of the EXFOR library. As the scope of published data expands (e.g., to higher energy, to heavier projectile) to meet the needs from the frontier of sciences and applications, it becomes nowadays a hard and challenging task to maintain both completeness and accuracy of the whole EXFOR library. The paper describes evolution of the library with highlights on recent developments.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Fast-neutron induced pre-equilibrium reactions on 55Mn and 63,65Cu at energies up to 40 MeV

Excitation functions were measured for the $^{55}$Mn(n,2n)$^{54}$Mn, $^{55}$Mn(n,$\alpha$)$^{52}$V, $^{63}$Cu(n,$\alpha$)$^{60}$Co, $^{65}$Cu(n,2n)$^{64}$Cu, and $^{65}$Cu(n,p)$^{65}$Ni reactions from 13.47 to 14.83 MeV. The experimental cross sections are compared with the results of calculations including all activation channels for the stable isotopes of Mn and Cu, for neutron incident energies up to 50 MeV. Within the energy range up to 20 MeV the model calculations are most sensitive to the parameters related to nuclei in the early stages of the reaction, while the model assumptions are better established by analysis of the data in the energy range 20-40 MeV. While the present analysis has taken advantage of both a new set of accurate measured cross sections around 14 MeV and the larger data basis fortunately available between 20 and 40 MeV for the Mn and Cu isotopes, the need of additional measurements below as well as above 40 MeV is pointed out. Keywords: 55Mn, 63,65Cu, E$\leq$40 MeV, Neutron activation cross section measurements, Nuclear reactions, Model calculations, Manganese, CopperComment: 39 pages, 12 figure

Языковая категоризация прототипической ситуации "Речь" в современном английском языке

The article deals with the problem of language categorization on the sentence level. A cognitive approach to the sentence study reveals polysemy of a sentence generally depends on the sentence possibility to categorize different variations of a prototypical situation. These variations stand on two basic factors. Firstly, great numbers of alike but not equivalent situations exist in real life. A person, since he / she is capable of categorizing, confines a situation to a certain category. Secondly, the speaker can differently interpret the same situation. The latter may focus attention on different dimensions of the situation at different time. As a result, some dimensions of the situation are highlighted and the others, on the contrary, recede to the background. Nonequivalence of the similar situations and different interpretation of the same situation determine semantic and syntactical structure of the sentence. The prototypical situation of speech has been chosen for analysis to manifest this statementПредметом анализа статьи является проблема языковой категоризации на уровне предложения. В рамках когнитивного подхода многозначность предложения связана со смыслом предложения в целом и заключается в том, что предложение категоризует разные вариации прототипической ситуации. Эти вариации связаны, во-первых, с наличием в реальной действительности огромного количества похожих, но не эквивалентных ситуаций, которые человек, в силу своей способности категоризовать, подводит под одну категорию, во-вторых, с различным пониманием говорящим одной и той же ситуации реальной действительности. Одна и та же ситуация может быть по-разному осмыслена говорящим, который акцентирует своё внимание то на одних параметрах ситуации, то на других. В связи с этим некоторые параметры ситуации могут выдвигаться на первый план, а другие, наоборот, – затемняться. Неидентичность похожих ситуаций реальной действительности, а также разное осмысление говорящим одной и той же ситуации реальной действительности влияет на семантическую и синтаксическую организацию предложения, что мы пытались продемонстрировать в ходе анализа на примере ситуации реч

Языковая категоризация прототипической ситуации "Речь" в современном английском языке

The article deals with the problem of language categorization on the sentence level. A cognitive approach to the sentence study reveals polysemy of a sentence generally depends on the sentence possibility to categorize different variations of a prototypical situation. These variations stand on two basic factors. Firstly, great numbers of alike but not equivalent situations exist in real life. A person, since he / she is capable of categorizing, confines a situation to a certain category. Secondly, the speaker can differently interpret the same situation. The latter may focus attention on different dimensions of the situation at different time. As a result, some dimensions of the situation are highlighted and the others, on the contrary, recede to the background. Nonequivalence of the similar situations and different interpretation of the same situation determine semantic and syntactical structure of the sentence. The prototypical situation of speech has been chosen for analysis to manifest this statementПредметом анализа статьи является проблема языковой категоризации на уровне предложения. В рамках когнитивного подхода многозначность предложения связана со смыслом предложения в целом и заключается в том, что предложение категоризует разные вариации прототипической ситуации. Эти вариации связаны, во-первых, с наличием в реальной действительности огромного количества похожих, но не эквивалентных ситуаций, которые человек, в силу своей способности категоризовать, подводит под одну категорию, во-вторых, с различным пониманием говорящим одной и той же ситуации реальной действительности. Одна и та же ситуация может быть по-разному осмыслена говорящим, который акцентирует своё внимание то на одних параметрах ситуации, то на других. В связи с этим некоторые параметры ситуации могут выдвигаться на первый план, а другие, наоборот, – затемняться. Неидентичность похожих ситуаций реальной действительности, а также разное осмысление говорящим одной и той же ситуации реальной действительности влияет на семантическую и синтаксическую организацию предложения, что мы пытались продемонстрировать в ходе анализа на примере ситуации реч

New exotic and non-standard radionuclides in AMS

Isobaric interference represents one of the major limitations in mass spectrometry. In the very few cases in AMS where nature allows isobaric-free measurements, lowest background levels are accessible. Such conditions are given, if the isobar does not form stable negative ions either as atomic ion, or by choosing a suitable molecular species; well-known examples are e.g. 14C−, 26Al−, 129I−, or 41CaH3 −, respectively, and also for the unstable isotopes in the mass range above Bi. In this work, we will present a few additional cases where isobaric interference is completely excluded, among them 55Fe, 68Ge and 202Pb. Applications will be discussed where the exceptional sensitivity of AMS offers important insights to such different fields like nuclear astrophysics, nuclear physics and general physics issues. VERA, a dedicated AMS facility, based on a 3-MV tandem, featuring high mass resolution in combination with efficient background suppression and an automated measurement procedure, allows to transport all nuclides from hydrogen to the actinides through the system up to the detector stations. Such a facility is well suited for developing the tuning and measurement procedures for new and non-standard isotopes. We will demonstrate the actual measurement limits of such radionuclides for the VERA facility and results for selected applications. In order to generate final values AMS usually relies on the parallel measurement of reference materials. We will discuss the production of such materials for these non-standard AMS nuclides.Copyright (c) 2011 AMS12

Neutron activation cross sections on lead isotopes

The cross sections for the reactions Pb-204(n,n(')gamma)Pb-204(m), Pb-204(n,2n)Pb-203, Pb-204(n,2n)Pb-203(m1), Pb-204(n,3n)Pb-202(m), Pb-206(n,3n)Pb-204(m), Pb-206(n,alpha)Hg-203, and Pb-208(n,p)Tl-208 were determined at the IRMM van de Graaff laboratory in the neutron energy range from 14 to 21 MeV. Both natural and enriched samples were irradiated with neutrons produced via the H-3(d,n)He-4 reaction. The induced activities were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry using a HPGe detector in a low-background shield. Neutron fluences were determined with the well-known cross section of the Al-27(n,alpha)Na-24 reaction. Enriched samples were essential to determine the cross sections for the reactions with Pb-204(m) and Pb-206(m) isomers in the final state. Accurate results for reactions with Pb-204,Pb-206 as target nuclei with natural lead samples were enabled through a precise measurement of the isotopic ratios. For a first investigation of the consequences of the present data for nuclear reaction models they were confronted with calculations based on global parameter systematics in a phenomenological and in a microscopic approach and with parameters selected to reproduce the available data. The TALYS code was used for the former two calculations involving parameter systematics while the STAPRE code was used for the latter calculation