Range Expansion of Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. in Forest Parks of Yekaterinburg

Shiny cotoneaster (Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht.) is one of the oldest plants. It originated in Southeast Asia and has many primitive traits. Its survival strategy is fascinating. Its introduction range extends throughout Eurasia. The cotoneaster has been actively introduced to all forest parks and city forests around Yekaterinburg. Its spread was facilitated by the presence of edible, long-preserved fruits on the shoots, which were the food supply for many bird species. The research aims at analyzing the distribution patterns and features of ecological occurrence of Cotoneaster lucidus in the forest parks of Yekaterinburg. There were 15 forest parks surveyed, and in 11 of them it is found in the undergrowth. The studies were carried out on the basis of forest inventory materials. Local habitats were monitored in four forest parks most visited by the population of the city: Sanatorny Forest Park, Uktusskiy Forest Park, Park named after Foresters of Russia, Shartashskaya Forest Park. Optimal environment for cotoneaster growth are mixed herbs pine forests with stand density of 0.7-0.8. Mature stands of the 1st resistance class are also appropriate. The highest occurrence of cotoneaster in the Central Forest Park is 7 % of the total area of the forest park. The density of cotoneaster increases with increasing stand density from 320 to 1,140 individuals. At a density of 0.3-0.5 the number of individuals per unit area decreases, and at 0.1-0.2 cotoneaster disappears completely as a result of increased anthropogenic load and the inflow of light in excessive amounts. High shade tolerance is a bioecological feature of Cotoneaster lucidus. Morphometric parameters of plants in the studied forest parks depend on the density of the tree canopy; the maximum values were found for specimens in the Sanatory Forest Park, where the distribution of shrubs is rare with a density of the stand of 0.7. A positive correlation of plant height with projection area and crown volume was found. The spatial distribution of individuals varies depending on the forest park and its attendance by people. For instance, in the Shartashsky Forest Park 60.4 % of cotoneasters are located in dense undergrowth, and in the Uktusskiy Forest Park 66.7 % are found in sparse undergrowth. Immature individuals are present in all of the Forest Parks, which indicates successful naturalization and high potential of the species.Кизильник блестящий - Cotoneaster lucidus Schlecht. - одно из древнейших растений. Он возник в Юго-Восточной Азии и имеет много примитивных признаков. Стратегия выживания этого вида удивительна. Его интродукционный ареал простирается на всей территории Евразии. Кизильник активно внедрился во все лесопарки г. Екатеринбурга. Его распространению способствовало наличие съедобных, долгосохраняющихся плодов на побегах, которые стали кормовой базой многих видов птиц. Цель исследования - анализ закономерностей распространения и особенностей экологической приуроченности Cotoneaster lucidus в лесопарках г. Екатеринбурга. Обследовано 15 лесопарков, и в 11 он встречается в подлеске. Работы выполнены на основе материалов лесоустройства. Учет локальных местообитаний проведен в4 лесопарках: Санаторном, Уктусском, Шарташском и им. Лесоводов России, - наиболее посещаемых населением города. Оптимальными условиями для произрастания кизильника являются сосняки разнотравные с полнотой древостоя 0,7-0,8. Подходят также спелые насаждения 1-го класса устойчивости. В Центральном лесопарке наиболее высокая встречаемость кизильника - 7 % от общей площади лесопарка. Плотность кизильника увеличивается с полнотой древостоя от 320 до 1140 особей. При полноте0,3-0,5 количество особей на единицу площади уменьшается, а при 0,1-0,2 кизильник исчезает совсем в результате увеличения антропогенной нагрузки и поступления света в избыточном количестве. Биоэкологическая особенность Cotoneaster lucidus - это высокая теневыносливость. Морфометрические параметры растений в исследуемых лесопарках зависят от полноты древесного полога, максимальные показатели выявлены у экземпляров в Санаторном лесопарке, где распределение кустов редкое при полноте древостоя 0,7. Установлена положительная корреляция высоты растений с площадью проекции и объемом кроны. Пространственное размещение особей варьирует в зависимости от лесопарка и его посещаемости людьми. Так, в Шарташском лесопарке 60,4 % кизильников сосредоточены в густом подлеске, а в Уктусском - 66,7 % встречается в редком подлеске. Во всех лесопарках присутствуют имматурные особи, что свидетельствует об успешной натурализации и высоком потенциале вида

CHANGING OF THE ORTHORHOMBIC MARTENSITE LATTICE PARAMETER IN TITANIUM ALLOY VT23

Материалом исследования служил титановый сплав ВТ23. Образцы, закаленные от различных температур диапазона Ткр Тпп, нагревались «in sity» в рентгеновском дифрактометре. Определены характеристики анизотропии термического расширения решетки орторомбического мартенсита. Установлено аномальное поведение периода «b», который показал отрицательные значения коэффициента термического расширения.The material of the studying was VT23 titanium alloy. Samples were quenched from a different temperatures between critical and polymorphic transformation temperatures and «in sity» heated in X-ray diffractometer. The characteristics of the anisotropy of orthorhombic martensite were obtained. Abnormal behavior of "b" period which showed a negative value of the coefficient of thermal expansion was found.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке гранта РФФИ № 15-08-08299 А и гранта Президента России № МК-6311.2016.8

Well-being through learning: a systematic review of learning interventions in the workplace and their impact on well-being

The view that learning is central to well-being is widely held and the workplace is an important setting in which learning takes place. Evaluations of the effectiveness of well-being interventions in work settings are commonplace, but to date, there has been no systematic review of the effectiveness of learning interventions with regard to their impact on well-being. The review synthesizes evidence from 41 intervention studies, and although no studies report a negative impact on well-being, 14 show no effect on well-being, with 27 studies having a positive impact. We classify the studies according to the primary purpose of the learning intervention: to develop personal resources for well-being through learning; to develop professional capabilities through learning; to develop leadership skills through learning; and to improve organizational effectiveness through organizational-level learning. Although there is an abundance of workplace learning interventions, few are evaluated from a well-being perspective despite the commonly held assumption that learning yields positive emotional and psychological outcomes. The evidence indicates an important gap in our evaluation of and design of workplace learning interventions and their impact on well-being, beyond those focusing on personal resources. This raises important theoretical and practical challenges concerning the relationship between learning and well-being in the context of professional capability enhancement, leadership capability and organizational learning

Influence of climate warming on the state of woody plants of the family Oleaceae Hoff. et Link. in the collections of the Botanical Garden of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

The created collections of woody plants made it possible to evaluate the life cycle of forsythia Forsythia ovata Nakai, privet Ligustrum vulgare L., and high ash Fraxinus excelsior L. of the Oleaceae Hoff family. et Link. and their response to changing climatic conditions. Tall ash, common privet froze every year to the level of snow cover. The flower buds of the forsythia froze, and it did not bloom. Due to the increase in the average annual temperature from 1.7 °C to 2.69 °C since 1990, forsythia and privet began to bloom and bear fruit. Introductory populations were created and the most frost-resistant and abundantly flowering individuals were selected. But as a result of abnormal weather conditions and climate cyclicality, all young and old privet plants died in 1998. Common privet plants began to bloom profusely only in 2021 (sowing in 2018). High ash plants fully recovered and reached a height of 10-12 m. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Toxicological studying of soft medicinal forms antiviral and antimicrobic actio

The soft medicinal forms antiviral and antimicrobic action (a cream and liniment of giporamin and evkalimin 0,5% of concentration) had been elaborated. Research of chronic toxicity of a giporamin cream and evkalimin liniment is lead on rabbits of breed Chinchilla with initial weight of a body 3,2-3,7 kg. Medicinal forms of evkalimin and giporamin put on depilate a site of a leather of a back of rabbits in the size 5 × 5 sm in quantity 2,0 gr. on an animal once in day within 8 weeks. Rabbits of control group received applications placebo a cream and liniment. In chronic experiment during longitudinal skin applications the creme and the liniment are good transferred by animals and don't provocate skin irritation. The elaborated drug forms do also not have ivitant action to the eye mucous. Toxicological research, general toxicological and local irritation action, soft medicinal forms, a cream, a liniment, phytopreparations antimicrobic and anti-inflammatory action, giporamin, evkalimin

Biologically active compounds of agricultural origin and perspective of their practical using

The article reviews the studies of biologically active extracts of higher and lower plants and perspective of their practical using. The article presents data from scientific studies of Russian leading institutions, Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of General pharmaceutical and biomedical technology of Russian University of Peoples' Friendship (Moscow). In the article were shown the possibility of using extracts of different types of plant raw materials by development of medicine for the treatment and prevention of different therapy orientation diseases and perspective of fungi extracts using as inhibitors of dangerous plant diseases

Development of structure and technology of wound healthing gel

Carbopol (974 P) was selected as the structure former to make a gel with L-lysine-alpha oxidase. Stability of the gel developed was studied with the use of physico-chemical, rheological and microbiological methods of analysis for the following indicators: the appearance of the gel, odor, pH, uniformity, colloid stability. The authenticity of the activity of L-lysine-a-oxidase in the gel, the viscosity of the gel and microbiological purity of the project comply with manufacturer's monograph L-Lysine-a-oxidase gel, 1% concentration. Studied the specific activity of the developed gel in animal experiments. The results of this study suggest a high wound-healing activity of gel with extract of L-lysine alpha-oxidase of 1%

Ecological Plasticity of Juniperus communis L. Needles Pigment Complex in Highland and Lowland Coenopopulations

The content of photosynthetic pigments and the ratio of their forms has been studied in the needles of Juniperus communis L. of the southern taiga subzone (the vicinity of Lake Tavatui and the pine forest of the city of Rezh), in the mountainous middle taiga dark coniferous forests of the Southern Ural (the Bolshoi Taganai ridge) and larch woodlands of the western part of the plateau Putorana in the Northern Krasnoyarsk Territory. Comparing the coenopopulations in mountainous and lowland conditions makes it possible to assess the plants adaptive capabilities, such as changing the ratio of pigment forms, however the content of the pigment composition does not depend on the age of these generative and postgenerative individuals. Comparative characteristics of photosynthetic pigments within each coenopopulation revealed that the magnitude of the correlation depends on the geographical position of the juniper habitat area. The Tavatui coenopopulation is located in the most favorable microclimatic and ecological conditions, and it differs from others in the maximum content of a total pigment fund. With an increase in altitude in the Taganai coenopopulation, the ratio of different forms of pigments changes, and the content of chlorophyll b, an essential part of the light-harvesting complex, increases. The Putorana coenopopulation has the highest content of carotenoids, which function as protection against photoinhibition, but the lowest content of green pigments. Thus, a change in the ratio of pigment forms determines the resistance of plants and their survival in the most severe conditions. © 2021, Izdatel'stvo Nauka. All rights reserved.Исследовано содержание фотосинтетических пигментов и соотношение их форм в хвое Juniperus communis L. подзоны южной тайги (окрестности озера Таватуй и сосновом лесу г. Реж), в горных среднетаежных темнохвойных лесов Южного Урала (хребет Большой Таганай) и Север Красноярского края лиственничного редколесья западной части плато Путорана. Сравнение ценопопуляций в горных и равнинных условиях позволяет оценить адаптационные возможности растений, заключающиеся в изменении соотношения форм пигментов, при этом содержание пигментного состава не зависит от возраста данных генеративных и постгенеративных особей. При сравнительной характеристике фотосинтетических пигментов внутри каждой ценопопуляции установлено, что величина корреляции зависит от географического положения района местообитания можжевельника. Таватуйская ценопопуляция находится в наиболее благоприятных микроклиматических и экологических условиях, и она отличается от других максимальным содержанием общего пигментного фонда. С увеличением высоты над уровнем моря в таганайской ценопопуляции изменяется соотношение различных форм пигментов, увеличивается содержание хлорофилла b, участвующего в светособирающем комплексе. В путоранской ценопопуляции отмечено самое высокое содержание каротиноидов, выполняющих функцию защиты от фотоингибирования, но самое низкое содержание зеленых пигментов. Следовательно, изменение соотношения форм пигментов определяет устойчивость растений и их выживаемость в самых суровых условиях

Salix ledebouriana forma fastigiata (Salicaceae), a new form.

A new form, Salix ledebouriana f. fastigiata I. V. Belyaeva, V. V. Byalt, O. V. Epanch. et Firsov, is described and its characteristics in cultivation in Yekaterinburg and St. Petersburg are given