A case with proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) and fibular A/hypoplasia (FA/H) associated with urogenital anomalies

Malformations of the lower limbs are rare and heterogeneous anomalies. Some congenital anomalies involving face, gastrointestinal system, skeletal system, urogenital system, heart, lung and diaphragma associated with lower limb malformations have been described in the literature. Here, we report a case of left proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD) together with fibular aplasia associated with left undescended testis and hypospadias. The putative embryologic mechanisms of lower limb defects and their possible association with lower urogenital tract malformations are also discussed

The Roberts syndrome: A case report of an infant with valvular aortic stenosis and mutation in ESCO2

Roberts syndrome, which is inherited as an autosomal recessive group of disorders, is a rare syndrome characterized with symmetrical extremity defects, craniofacial abnormalities, and prenatal and postnatal growth retardation. Here, we present a case of Roberts Syndrome brought to the clinic with diarrhoea and multiple abnormalities, that had tetra phocomelia, growth and developmental retardation, abnormality of complete cleft lip-palate accompanied with Aortic stenosis and PDA, and in which cytogenetic analysis identified premature centromere separation. Mutation analysis of ESCO2 revealed a splice site mutation [c.1131+1G>A] in intron 6 in homozygous status in the patient and heterozygous status in the parents. Our case is the first Robert- Syndrome with valvular aortic stenosis in the literature, to the best of our knowledge

Bir rekombinant kromozom 4 olgusunun klinik özelliklerinin ayrıntılı tanımlanması

Recombinant chromosome 4 is a very rare chromosomal aberration with eighteen cases reported in the literature up to date. Here we report a five years old male patient with de novo rec(4) dup(4p) del(4q). The physical examination findings were as follows: caput quadratum, flat occiput, low frontal hairline, hypertelorism, ptosis, blepharophimosis, high arched eyebrows, flat nasal root with anteverted nostrils and short nose, long and smooth philtrum, thin upper lip with triangular mouth, microretrognathia, high arched palate, dental anomalies, large low-set ears, short neck, broad chest with widely spaced nipples, micropenis, cryptorchidism. Conventional cytogenetic analysis revealed the karyotype as 46,XY,rec(4)dup(4p14p16.3)del(4q34.3q35). Flourescence insitu hybridization (FISH) analysis with sub-telomeric probes for 4p and 4q showed duplication of 4p and deletion of 4q in recombinant chromosome 4. His parents’ chromosomal analysis and sub-telomeric FISH analysis were both normal. The patient’s final karyotype was reported as 46,XY,rec(4)dup(4p16.3p14)del(4q34.4q35).arr[h g19]4p16.3p14(68,345-36,018)x3,4q34.3q35(177,676,319-190,957,460)x1 detected by Microarray. According the literature all cases with recombinant chromosome 4 have similar clinical findings. Except for our case only one case in the literature has been reported to be de novo. In conclusion, we reported a very rare case of recombinant chromosome 4, which has the largest deletion and duplication in the literature. Further cases with similar findings would help the delineation of the findings associated with this chromosomal abnormality.Rekombinant kromozom 4, literatürde bugüne kadar bildirilen 18 vakayla birlikte ender görülen bir kromozomal anormalidir. Bu yazıda de novo rec (4)dup(4p)del(4q) karyotipine sahip 5 yaşında bir erkek hastayı bildirdik. Hastanın fizik muayenesinde kaput kuadratum, yassı oksiput, düşük frontal saç çizgisi, hipertelorizm, pitozis, blefarofimozis, yüksek kemerli kaşlar, antevert burun delikleri ile düz burun kökü, kısa burun, uzun ve pürüzsüz filtrum, üçgen ince üst dudak, mikroretrognati, yüksek kemerli damak, diş anomalileri, geniş, düşük kulaklar, kısa boyun, geniş aralıklı meme uçları, mikropenis, kriptorşidizm saptanmıştır. Konvansiyonel sitogenetik analiz sonucunda karyotipin 46,XY,rec(4)dup(4p14p16.3)del(4q34.3q35) karyotipi saptanmıştır. 4p ve 4q için subtelomerik problarla yapılan floresan in-situ hibridizasyon (FISH) analizi, rekombinant kromozom 4'te 4p'nin duplikasyonunu ve 4q'nun delesyonunu göstermiştir. Yapılan microarray analizi sonrası hastanın son karyotipi 46,XY, rec (4) dup (4p16.3p14) del (4q34.4q35) .arr [hg19] 4p16.3p14 (68.345-36.018) x3,4q34.3q35 (177,676,319-190,957,460) olarak rapor edilmiştir. Literatüre göre rekombinant kromozom 4 olan tüm olgular benzer klinik bulgulara sahiptir. Bizim olgumuz dışında literatürde sadece bir olgunun de novo olduğu bildirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, bu yazıda nadir bir rekombinant kromozom 4 olgusu bildirilmiştir. Benzer bulgulara sahip bildirilecek diğer vakalar, nadir görülen bu rekombinasyonun daha iyi tanımlanmasına yardımcı olacaktır

Clinical and molecular evaluation of MEFV gene variants in the Turkish population: a study by the National Genetics Consortium

Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic autoinflammatory disorder with recurrent fever, abdominal pain, serositis, articular manifestations, erysipelas-like erythema, and renal complications as its main features. Caused by the mutations in the MEditerranean FeVer (MEFV) gene, it mainly affects people of Mediterranean descent with a higher incidence in the Turkish, Jewish, Arabic, and Armenian populations. As our understanding of FMF improves, it becomes clearer that we are facing with a more complex picture of FMF with respect to its pathogenesis, penetrance, variant type (gain-of-function vs. loss-of-function), and inheritance. In this study, MEFV gene analysis results and clinical findings of 27,504 patients from 35 universities and institutions in Turkey and Northern Cyprus are combined in an effort to provide a better insight into the genotype-phenotype correlation and how a specific variant contributes to certain clinical findings in FMF patients. Our results may help better understand this complex disease and how the genotype may sometimes contribute to phenotype. Unlike many studies in the literature, our study investigated a broader symptomatic spectrum and the relationship between the genotype and phenotype data. In this sense, we aimed to guide all clinicians and academicians who work in this field to better establish a comprehensive data set for the patients. One of the biggest messages of our study is that lack of uniformity in some clinical and demographic data of participants may become an obstacle in approaching FMF patients and understanding this complex disease