The Relationship of Mental Toughness and Emotional Eating: The Example of a Female Wrestler

Emotional eating is the act of eating to cope with stress and pressure, and it is assumed that this behavior increases as the level of self-control decreases. Several factors, including anxiety about winning and fear of injury, can cause stress in athletes. An athlete’s high mental toughness is closely related to their ability to easily cope with such stress factors. It is still a matter of curiosity how negative psychological factors affect emotional eating in athletes with low mental toughness. This study investigated the relationship between emotional eating and mental toughness in female wrestlers. Emotional Eating Questionnaire and Sports Mental Toughness Questionnaire were applied to 69 female wrestlers. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests. It was found that the participants were low emotional eaters and accepted all of the mental toughness sub-dimensions. There was a significant difference in emotional eating total score and “disinhibition" score according to nationality status (p<0.05). The findings suggested a positive and significant relationship between sub-dimensions of emotional eating and sub-dimensions of mental toughness (p<0.05). It was concluded that national female wrestlers tended to eat more emotionally than non-national athletes and had more difficulty preventing the urge to eat. As female wrestlers’ mental toughness levels increased, they tended to eat emotionally and felt guilty about eating

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of the success of primary teeth treated with pulpotomy

Amaç: Süt dişlerinde uygulanan pulpotomi tedavilerinin ve üst restorasyonlarının başarıları ile bu tedavilerin daimi dişlerin gelişim ve sürme sürecine etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Çocuk Diş Hekimliği Kliniği’ne 01.01.2017 – 31.12.2018 tarihleri arasında başvuran 270 hasta dahil edildi. Restorasyonların başarısı USPHS Kriterlerine göre değerlendirildi. Tedavi uygulanan süt dişinin altındaki daimi diş germi ile kontralateral simetrik daimi dişe bakılarak sürme zamanları karşılaştırıldı. Erüpsiyonunu tamamlayan daimi dişler hipoplazi ve/veya rotasyon varlığı açısından incelendi. İstatistiksel analizlerde Ki-kare ve McNemar testleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Pulpotomi uygulanan süt dişlerinden maksiller birinci azıların diğer dişlere kıyasla ağızda bulunma oranlarının anlamlı derecede düşük olduğu gözlendi (p<0,001). Takip süresi uzadıkça (>24 ay) süt dişlerinde görülen kayıp yüzdelerinin arttığı belirlendi (p<0,001). Cam iyonomer uygulanan dişlerin istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı şekilde ağızda olmadığı görüldü (p=0,046). Lisans öğrencilerinin pulpotomi uyguladığı süt dişlerinin ağızda bulunma oranlarının uzmanlık öğrencilerine kıyasla daha düşük olduğu tespit edildi (p=0,004). USPHS kriterlerine göre kenar uyumu açısından diğer materyallere kıyasla kompozitlerin daha iyi olduğu (p=0,039), ancak kompozit restorasyonların mine dokusuna göre daha pürüzlü oldukları belirlendi (p=0,015). Hekim tecrübesi ile retansiyon, anatomik form ve yüzey pürüzlülük değerleri açısından anlamlı ilişki tespit edildi (p=0,012; p=0,034; p=0,001). Sonuç: Üst restorasyonda kullanılan materyalin çeşidi ile tedaviyi uygulan hekimin klinik tecrübe ve becerisi pulpotomi uygulamalarında başarıyı etkileyen önemli faktörlerdendir.Aim: To evaluate the success of pulpotomy treatments and their restorations applied in primary teeth and the effects on the development and eruption of permanent teeth. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and seventy patients who referred to Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry between 01.01.2017 and 31.12.2018 were included in the study. The success of the restorations was evaluated using the USPHS Criteria. The eruption times were compared by examining the permanent teeth germs under the treated primary teeth. Permanent teeth that completed their eruption were examined for the presence of hypoplasia and/or rotation. Chi-square and McNemar tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: It was observed that the presence of maxillary first molars treated with pulpotomy was found to be significantly lower than the others (p<0.001). A longer follow up period (>24 months) increased the percentage of loss in primary teeth (p<0.001). Teeth treated with glass ionomer were significantly lost (p=0,046). The primary teeth that undergraduate students treated with pulpotomy lost more than the residents (p=0.004). According to the USPHS criteria, composites were better than other materials (p = 0.039) in terms of marginal adaptation, but composite restorations were rougher than enamel (p=0.015). A significant relationship was found in terms of retention, anatomical form and surface roughness with the dentist's experience (p=0.012; p=0.034; p=0.001). Conclusion: Type of material used in dental restorations and the clinical experience and skill of the dentist who applied the treatment are important factors affecting the success of pulpotomy

Micromorphological, anatomical and cytogenetical studies in endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. (Asteraceae) from Turkey

In the present study, the micromorphological structure of achene, pappus and style using scanning electron microscope (SEM), stomatal characteristics, anatomy of stem and achene together with chromosome number and nuclear DNA content of the Turkish endemic Crepis macropus Boiss. & Heldr. are provided in order to expand knowledge of its taxonomy. The SEM studies in this species show that dense spiny cells are found on the achene surface, the pappus bristle has 3–5 spikes and the style possesses slender papillae. The stem structure is composed of epidermis, collenchyma, parenchymatous cortex and pith. The species has anomocytic stomata in both the upper and the lower surface of the leaves. The pericarp of the achene is mainly composed of several layers of sclerenchymatous cells. In this species, the chromosome number is 2n = 2x = 8, karyotype consists of two submetacentric and six subtelocentric chromosomes and nuclear DNA content (2Cvalue) is 12.96 pg. These data are presented here for the first time and their taxonomic values are discussed

Comparative Analysis of Manual, Rotary and Reciprocal Systems on Primary Teeth Root Canals: An In Vitro Scanning Electron Microscopy Study

Objective: To evaluate the residual debris and smear layer formation, and also preparation time of one or multifile manual, rotary, and reciprocal systems on primary teeth. Materials and methods: A total of 75 primary mandibular molar teeth were randomly divided to five groups (n=15). The distal canals of teeth were shaped with each of the K file, Protaper, Twisted File, OneShape, and Reciproc systems. Preparation time was also recorded. Longitudinal sections groups were prepared and processed for observation under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at a standard magnification of X1000 for smear layer and X200 for residual debris. The presence of smear layer and residual debris was evaluated by two trained operators. The data of preparation time and also debris and smear scores were analyzed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively.   Results: Reciproc and OneShape systems had significantly less instrumentation time than all other groups (p&lt;0.001). The results of statistical analyses were the same for the residual debris and smear layer scores. In the coronal thirds of the canals, the canal preparation with the Protaper system resulted in significantly less debris and smear layer compared with the OneShape system (p=0.015). In the middle thirds of the canals, OneShape and Reciproc systems had more residual debris and smear layer than the Protaper system (p&lt;0.05). In the apical thirds of the canals, the use of the Protaper instruments resulted in less debris and smear layer than the Reciproc system (p=0.034). Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, the Protaper system, which showed better cleaning efficacy and was also faster than the manual system, can be an effective alternative to other systems in the root canal treatment of primary molars. More in vitro and clinical investigations are needed on root canal treatment of primary teeth

Matrix Selection for Measurement of Zinc Levels

INTRODUCTION: Measurement of blood zinc levels is frequently used in the diagnosis of a few conditions such as growth retardation, immunodeficiency, infertility, neurological disorder, and acrodermatitis enteropathica. The serum matrix is the most preferred one to determine zinc levels due to the ease of analysis with other tests and cost-effectiveness of blood collection tubes used to obtain serum samples. In our study, we aimed to compare serum and plasma zinc test results for accurate and reliable zinc measurement in plain tubes with clot activator and gel and in heparin-free tubes, which specifically produced for trace element analysis. METHODS: Twenty-seven randomly selected patients were included in the study. Blood samples drawn simultaneously from patients were pipetted into tubes with clot activator and gel (SST) (SST II Advance, Vacutainer, Becton Dickinson and Company, USA) as well as into trace element tubes with sodium heparin (NH) (NH Trace Elements Sodium Heparin, Vacuette, Greiner Bio-One GmbH, Austria). After the centrifugation process, zinc levels in serum and plasma samples were analyzed by colorimetric method using an autoanalyzer. Bias between serum and plasma zinc levels was evaluated according to the allowable bias criterion based on biological variation and regression analysis performed. RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation of serum and plasma zinc levels were 49.0+-11.5 &#956;g/dL and 46.4+-12.0 &#956;g/dL, respectively, and a statistically significant difference was determined (p=0.012) in between. Besides, the bias between serum and plasma was 6.8%, which was above the allowable bias (3.3%) and considered as clinically significant. No systematic or random errors detected. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When selecting a blood collection tube for trace element analysis, the structural differences between tubes and the matrix effect should be considered carefully

Remarkable Increase in the Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity Among School Age Children in Antalya, Turkey, Between 2003 and 2015

Objective:Childhood obesity (OB) is an acknowledged global problem with increasing prevalence reported around the world. We conducted this study with the aim of determining the local trend in OB and overweight (OW) prevalence in the last decade and to observe the alteration of OB and OW prevalence by age group. An additional aim was to construct new age- and gender-specific body mass index (BMI) reference percentile charts for Turkish children living in the city center of Antalya.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 1687 school aged children. International Obesity Task Force guidelines were used to determine the OB and OW prevalence. OW was defined as a BMI between 85th and 95th percentile, and OB >95th percentile. The data were compared with a previous study carried out in the same region in 2003. The least mean square method was used to construct the BMI reference percentile charts.Results:The prevalence rates for OB and OW were 9.8% and 23.2%, respectively, with a combined OW/OB rate of 33%. OB prevalence was higher in boys than girls (p<0.05). The prevalence of combined OW/OB was highest at age 9-10 years. The prevalence of OB has increased 2.9 times during twelve years in this location.Conclusion:Comparing the current findings with rates of OW and OB in the previous decade, childhood OB in Antalya has reached alarming levels. Urgent measures integrated into the national education system should be taken to prevent OB. In addition more surveillance studies should be planned to show the future trend of OB prevalence nationally

The effect of organizational cynicism on cyberloafing and turnover intention

Bu araştırma, örgütsel sinizmin sanal kaytarma ve işten ayrılma niyeti üzerine olan etkisinin tespit edilmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bir diğer amaç ise; örgütsel sinizm, sanal kaytarma ve işten ayrılma niyeti ile katılımcıların kişisel ve mesleki özellikleri arasında anlamlı farklılığın olup olmadığının tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmanın evrenini, Aksaray ilinde özel ve kamuda eğitim sektöründe çalışanlar oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada, anket formunda yer alan "Kişisel Bilgi Formu"nun yanı sıra Örgütsel Sinizm Ölçeği, Sanal Kaytarma Ölçeği ve İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada 410 kişiden anket tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen verilerle analizler yapılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde örgütsel sinizmin sanal kaytarma ve işten ayrılma niyeti davranışı üzerinde arttırıcı etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.This research has been carried out to determine the effect of organizational cynicism on cyber loafing and intention to quit. Another aim is that it is to determine whether there are significant differences between the personal and professional characteristics of the participants and organizational cynicism, cyber loafing and intention to quit. The universe of the research consists of employees in the private and public education sector in Aksaray. In addition to "the Personel Information Form" in the survey form, "the Organizational Cynicism Scale", "the Cyber Loafing Scale "and "the Intention to Quit Scale" have been used. In the study, data obtained from 410 people by using the questionnaire technique have been analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it has been determined that organizational cynicism has an increasing effect on cyber loafing and intention to quit

Karate ve kürek sporcularında besin tercihlerinin olaya ilişkin potansiyelleri ile incelenmesi

KARATE VE KÜREK SPORCULARINDA BESİN TERCİHLERİNİN OLAYA İLİŞKİN POTANSİYELLERİ İLE İNCELENMESİÖğrencinin Adı: Sema ARSLANDanışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Adil Deniz DURUAnabilim Dalı: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim dalıÖZETAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; katılımcıların kahvaltı yapılan gün ve egzersiz yapılan gün açlık tokluk durumlarına göre besin ve nötr resimlere karşı geliştirdikleri MSS yanıtlarını ortaya koymaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18 yaş üzeri, haftada en az 10 saat antrenman yapan, BKİ değeri 18-25 kg/m2 düzeyinde olan, karate veya kürek branşına müsabık 21 sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada EEG ölçümleri iki aşamadan oluşmuş olup, birinci aşamada katılımcılardan kahvaltı öncesi ve kahvaltı sonrası; ikinci aşamada ise egzersiz öncesi ve egzersiz sonrası aç durumda iken Elektroensefalografi ölçümü alınarak, göz takibi yapılmıştır. Deney sırasında katılımcılara besin ve nötr resimler rastsal bir şekilde bilgisayar ekranında gösterilerek eş zamanlı ölçüm alınmıştır. Elde edilen EEG verileri tekrarlı ANOVA testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Tekrarlı ölçüm ANOVA testinde; farklı kanallar bazında pozitif 300 dalgasının, zamandan bağımsız olarak resimler arasında ve resimden bağımsız olarak zamanlar arasında anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur. P300 latansı kanallara göre incelendiğinde zamana göre farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. P300 ve Geç Pozitif Potansiyel genlikleri frekans bandı bazında kanallara göre incelendiğinde zamanlar arası veya resimler arası anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların göz takibi verilerinden deney süresince uyaranlara dikkat ettikleri gözlenmiştir. Kürekçiler ve karateciler karşılaştırıldığında iki grubun parametreleri arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiştir.Sonuçlar: Katılımcıların besin resimlerine karşı ürettikleri P300 ve fiksasyon yanıtlarının nötr resimlerden anlamlı derecede yüksek olması; besin resimlerine olan dikkatin yüksek olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. Eletrofizyolojik değişimler göz önüne alındığında submaksimal egzersizin, açlık hissinde ve dikkat düzeyinde azalma yarattığı gösterilmiştir.--------------------INVESTIGATION OF FOOD PREFERENCES IN KARATE AND ROWER SPORTS BY EVENT RELATED POTENTIALSName: Sema ARSLANAdvisor: Assoc. Prof. Adil Deniz DURUDepartment: Department of Physical Education and SportABSTRACTAim: The aim of this study is to reveal the CNS responses of the participants against food and neutral pictures according to their hunger and satiety status on the day of breakfast or the day of exercise.Material and Method: 21 players at karate or rowing were included in the study. In the first stage of EEG experiment, the participants were given breakfast; in the second stage, electroencephalography measurements were taken before and after exercise. Nutrients and neutral images were randomly displayed on the computer screen and EEG and eye tracker measurements were taken from the participants during the experiment. EEG data were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA test.Results: According to repeated measurement ANOVA test; it was found that the P300 on the basis of different channels showed significant differences. When P300 and LPP amplitudes were examined according to the frequency band, there was a significant difference between time or between the pictures. In addition, it was observed from the eye tracking data that the participants paid attention to the stimuli during the experiment. When rowing and karate players were compared, no significant difference was observed between the parameters of the two groups.Conclusion: The P300 and fixation responses produced by the participants against food images were significantly higher than the neutral images. This shows that there is a high attention to food pictures. Considering the electrophysiological changes, submaximal exercise has been shown to decrease hunger and attention level

Karate ve kürek sporcularında besin tercihlerinin olaya ilişkin potansiyelleri ile incelenmesi

KARATE VE KÜREK SPORCULARINDA BESİN TERCİHLERİNİN OLAYA İLİŞKİN POTANSİYELLERİ İLE İNCELENMESİ Öğrencinin Adı: Sema ARSLAN Danışman: Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Adil Deniz DURU Anabilim Dalı: Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim dalı ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı; katılımcıların kahvaltı yapılan gün ve egzersiz yapılan gün açlık tokluk durumlarına göre besin ve nötr resimlere karşı geliştirdikleri MSS yanıtlarını ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya 18 yaş üzeri, haftada en az 10 saat antrenman yapan, BKİ değeri 18-25 kg/m2 düzeyinde olan, karate veya kürek branşına müsabık 21 sporcu dahil edilmiştir. Çalışmada EEG ölçümleri iki aşamadan oluşmuş olup, birinci aşamada katılımcılardan kahvaltı öncesi ve kahvaltı sonrası; ikinci aşamada ise egzersiz öncesi ve egzersiz sonrası aç durumda iken Elektroensefalografi ölçümü alınarak, göz takibi yapılmıştır. Deney sırasında katılımcılara besin ve nötr resimler rastsal bir şekilde bilgisayar ekranında gösterilerek eş zamanlı ölçüm alınmıştır. Elde edilen EEG verileri tekrarlı ANOVA testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Tekrarlı ölçüm ANOVA testinde; farklı kanallar bazında pozitif 300 dalgasının, zamandan bağımsız olarak resimler arasında ve resimden bağımsız olarak zamanlar arasında anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği bulunmuştur. P300 latansı kanallara göre incelendiğinde zamana göre farklılıklar gözlemlenmiştir. P300 ve Geç Pozitif Potansiyel genlikleri frekans bandı bazında kanallara göre incelendiğinde zamanlar arası veya resimler arası anlamlı farklılık saptanmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcıların göz takibi verilerinden deney süresince uyaranlara dikkat ettikleri gözlenmiştir. Kürekçiler ve karateciler karşılaştırıldığında iki grubun parametreleri arasında anlamlı farklılık gözlenmemiştir. Sonuçlar: Katılımcıların besin resimlerine karşı ürettikleri P300 ve fiksasyon yanıtlarının nötr resimlerden anlamlı derecede yüksek olması; besin resimlerine olan dikkatin yüksek olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. Eletrofizyolojik değişimler göz önüne alındığında submaksimal egzersizin, açlık hissinde ve dikkat düzeyinde azalma yarattığı gösterilmiştir. -------------------- INVESTIGATION OF FOOD PREFERENCES IN KARATE AND ROWER SPORTS BY EVENT RELATED POTENTIALS Name: Sema ARSLAN Advisor: Assoc. Prof. Adil Deniz DURU Department: Department of Physical Education and Sport ABSTRACT Aim: The aim of this study is to reveal the CNS responses of the participants against food and neutral pictures according to their hunger and satiety status on the day of breakfast or the day of exercise. Material and Method: 21 players at karate or rowing were included in the study. In the first stage of EEG experiment, the participants were given breakfast; in the second stage, electroencephalography measurements were taken before and after exercise. Nutrients and neutral images were randomly displayed on the computer screen and EEG and eye tracker measurements were taken from the participants during the experiment. EEG data were evaluated by repeated measures ANOVA test. Results: According to repeated measurement ANOVA test; it was found that the P300 on the basis of different channels showed significant differences. When P300 and LPP amplitudes were examined according to the frequency band, there was a significant difference between time or between the pictures. In addition, it was observed from the eye tracking data that the participants paid attention to the stimuli during the experiment. When rowing and karate players were compared, no significant difference was observed between the parameters of the two groups. Conclusion: The P300 and fixation responses produced by the participants against food images were significantly higher than the neutral images. This shows that there is a high attention to food pictures. Considering the electrophysiological changes, submaximal exercise has been shown to decrease hunger and attention level

Response of bread-wheat seedlings to waterlogging stress

Waterlogging is a widespread problem and one of the major yield-limiting factors of wheat in some parts of the coastal plains of Turkey. The object of this study was to identify waterlogging-tolerant cultivars in bread wheat. Twenty-four bread-wheat genotypes were tested under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine shoot dry weight gain, root dry weight gain, total dry weight gain, dry leaf weight, specific dry leaf weight, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, transpiration and photosynthesis rates, and their tolerance indices. A complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The current study clearly demonstrated that wheat seedlings growing under anaerobic conditions had significantly lower shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry biomass weight, leaf dry weight, specific leaf dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoid content, and photosynthesis and transpiration rates. There were significant correlations between total dry weight gain and shoot dry weight gain and between chlorophyll a and specific leaf dry weight. Wheat cultivars had different tolerance indices for the investigated plant parameters. Further studies are needed to confirm which tolerance index is significantly correlated with seed yield and which one could be used as a selection criterion under field conditions.Waterlogging is a widespread problem and one of the major yield-limiting factors of wheat in some parts of the coastal plains of Turkey. The object of this study was to identify waterlogging-tolerant cultivars in bread wheat. Twenty-four bread-wheat genotypes were tested under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine shoot dry weight gain, root dry weight gain, total dry weight gain, dry leaf weight, specific dry leaf weight, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, transpiration and photosynthesis rates, and their tolerance indices. A complete randomized block design with three replications was conducted for both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The current study clearly demonstrated that wheat seedlings growing under anaerobic conditions had significantly lower shoot dry weight, root dry weight, total dry biomass weight, leaf dry weight, specific leaf dry weight, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll a + b, and carotenoid content, and photosynthesis and transpiration rates. There were significant correlations between total dry weight gain and shoot dry weight gain and between chlorophyll a and specific leaf dry weight. Wheat cultivars had different tolerance indices for the investigated plant parameters. Further studies are needed to confirm which tolerance index is significantly correlated with seed yield and which one could be used as a selection criterion under field conditions