Challenges in Insurance Industry

How is possible to manage many numerous risks, in order to achieve human as well as environmental wellbeing, and to form modern insurance industry? This issue is very modern and it requires rational answers. Also, this is field of scientific research. Research results are commonly used by law regulative as row model for the profession and practice. Is mentioned line we can identify challenges in insurance sector. What are the characteristics of these challenges in developed and developing countries? What is the behavior of countries that are liders and those that are not? What are financial components, and what are social and personal effects of the modern insurance industry development? Insurance sector always has its own clear mission: to achieve as high as possible level of spiritual and material safety of the person insured. The vision should be achieving as high as possible level of spiritual and material safety of the person insured in real environment. Mission and vision of the insurance continuously transformed industry from everyday human activity to modern industry. This trend can not be stopped, because we are able to identify more and more risks every day and their identification, processing and management is more challenging. Two components are very important: financial and social. Developed countries formed the insurance industry as powerful and respectful sector that is important part of financial market. Its users are hundreds of millions of citizens and companies. Financial effects of life insurance are much higher that those of non-life. Developing countries has no alternative than to follow, as quickly as they can, the developed countries path. That should make easier building own insurance industry. Globalization, controlled liberalization and all migration movements are additional and unavoidable factors that support insurance challenges. What is the suggestion for small, not enough developed countries as Bosnia and Herzegovina or all countries of ex-Yugoslavia? Basic scientific truths in this field are continuous: probability theory and great numbers law, actuarial calculus based on relevant empiric research. Insurance challenges start with actuarial calculus and data needed. That follows portfolio formulation and investment of temporarily available funds. That means participation of insurance companies at financial markets as financial intermediates. How these challenges are present and how is possible to manage them in insurance sector of developed and developing countries as Bosnia and Herzegovina?insurance, risks, developed countries, developing countries

Endowment life insurance

The aim of the paper that treats the actuarial model of insurance in case of survival or early death is to show the actuarial methods and methodology for creating a model and an appropriate number of sub-models of the most popular form of life insurance in the world. The paper applies the scientific methodology of the deductive character based on scientific, theoretical knowledge and practical realities. Following the basic theoretical model's determinants, which are at the beginning of the paper, the basic difference between models further in this paper was carried out according to the character of the premium to be paid. Finally, the financial repercussions of some models are presented at examples in insurance companies. The result of this paper is to show the spectrum of possible forms of capital endowment insurance which can be, without major problems, depending on the financial policy of the company, applied in actual practice. The conclusion of this paper shows the theoretical and the practical reality of this model, life insurance, and its quantitative and qualitative guidelines

Analyzing consumer behavior in online group buying in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Online buying is one of the most popular activities on the Internet, and within that group buying is one of the activities in the trend as a popular form of electronic commerce. Group buying is a worldwide phenomenon, and more recently very popular form of doing business on the local market. But the reasons why consumers are practicing such purchases, how they behave when buying, and what motivates them to buy are still not fully explored. The purpose of this paper is to get an insight into what the main factors are that the online consumers take into consideration when purchasing online. This paper will show how a new form of Internet commerce has found a way to turn the economic crisis to its benefit. Respectively, how consumers, encouraged by a limited purchasing power, unite and strengthen their position against the sellers to obtain a volume discount. The paper is based on an online questionnaire conducted by the authors on a sample of 562 respondents in BiH

Demokrati i förskolan. En studie om lärarnas medvetna arbete med barns inflytande och delaktighet.

ABSTRACT Arbetes titel Demokrati i förskolan. En studie om lärarnas medvetna arbete med barns inflytande och delaktighet. Arbetets art Examensarbete inom det allmänna utbildningsområdet för lärarprogrammet. Sidantal 35 Författare Helena Selimovic & Eva Ågren Handledare Gudrun Wallner Bergö Examinator Pia Williams Tidpunkt Vårterminen 2006 Rapportnummer VT06-2611-09 Syfte Att ta reda på hur lärare medvetet arbetar med att förankra begreppet demokrati i barngruppen. Frågeställningar Vad innebär begreppet demokrati för lärare? Hur arbetar lärarna med demokrati i sin barngrupp? Vad har detta för konsekvenser för verksamhet, barn och lärare? Metod Vi genomförde fyra stycken kvalitativa ostrukturerade intervjuer. Samtliga informanter är förskollärare. Analysen av intervjuerna utfördes utifrån hermeneutiskt synsätt. Svaren delades in utifrån syftets frågeställningar och kategoriserades därefter. Resultat Innebörden av demokratibegreppet förklarades av informanterna som respekt och rättvisa, delaktighet och inflytande samt gruppkänsla. Lärarna använde olika arbetssätt för att öka och synliggöra barnens delaktighet och inflytande över verksamheten. Barnen involverades bland annat i samlingar, inskolningar och beslutsprocesser och planering av aktiviteter. Pedagogisk dokumentation användes som ett arbetsverktyg i syfte att komma vidare med sitt arbete samt göra arbetet synligt för sig själva och barnen. Konsekvenserna för lärarna blev egen utveckling och för barnen blev det att strukturen och planeringen i verksamheten förändrades samt att de bland annat fick ökat inflytande över leken. Nyckelord Demokrati. Inflytande. Delaktighet. Förskola. Lärare

Social work in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The article aims to provide a brief overview of the legacy of social welfare and social work within former Yugoslavia and how it was enacted and practised in Bosnia and Herzegovina (one of six states within it) as well as the key changes that followed during and after the 1992-1996 war in this country. The overview also highlights specific roles of both international organisations and local decision makers during and after the war and how it impacted both grassroots social work practice and the changing needs of people who use services – particularly the ever increasing experience of poverty and it’s various impacts. Within a complex and politicised governance structure, key issues for consideration of the future role for the profession are highlighted

CHROMOGRANIN A DETECTION IN SALIVA OF TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS

Chromogranin A is present in secretion granules of nerve, endocrine and immune cells and is a precursor of several peptides with antibacterial and antifungal properties at micromolar concentrations.Our aim in this prospective, double blind study, was to determine the expression of chromogranin A and its peptides at protein level in saliva of type 2 diabetic patients and thereby to obtain a new non-invasive diagnostic means for the future.Saliva was taken from 30 type 2 diabetic patients and 30 healthy individuals at the same time interval in the morning without any oral stimuli. Circadianic periodics in protein productions have been avoided. The presence of chromogranin A and its derived peptides was determined in whole saliva, after centrifugation at 40C for 12 min at 14 000 rpm, by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and Immunoblotting (Western Blot). To ensure same protein concentrations Bradford protein quantification assay has been performed before.For the first time, we have determined an overexpression of chromogranin A in saliva of diabetic patients in 100% of the individuals.Chromogranin A, a circulating biomarker for epithelial tumours, is also overexpressed in saliva of type 2 diabetic patients. To confirm our results, more studies with a large amount of patients is necessary

A Comparative Study of Instructional Perspectives among Learning and Development Practitioners

The instructional perspectives of learning and development practitioners have a critical impact on their learners. This study aimed to determine if a relationship existed between years of experience of a learning and development practitioner and how they score on the seven factors of Henschke’s (1989) Modified Instructional Perspectives Inventory (MIPI). The MIPI consisted of seven factors: 1) Teacher Empathy with Learners, 2) Teacher Trust of Learners, 3) Planning and Delivery of Instruction, 4) Accommodating Learner Uniqueness, 5) Teacher Insensitivity Toward Learners, 6) Learner-centered Learning Process (Experience-based Learning Techniques), and 7) Teacher-centered Learning Process. The MIPI is a revised version of Henschke\u27s (1989) original Instructional Perspectives Inventory (IPI) (Stanton, 2005, p. 115). Learning and development practitioners were categorized as either novices or experts. The sample included 16 novice and 22 expert learning and development practitioners. Both groups completed a demographics survey, Henschke’s MIPI (1989), and follow up interviews were conducted to allow participants to further elaborate on their responses. A quantitative analysis was conducted using t-tests to determine the means of both novice and expert learning and development practitioners. To identify themes, the researcher conducted values coding on the qualitative feedback. Results revealed no statistical significance among both groups of learning and development practitioners and their scores on the seven factors of Henschke’s (1989) MIPI. The study found both novice and expert learning and development practitioners shared similar beliefs, feelings, and behaviors about their roles. Similarly, there was congruence among sources of exposure to adult learning theories, teaching methods, and/or instructional strategies for both groups. Recommendations for future research include broadening the demographic sample, adding additional measures as part of the study, and examining the implications the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) had on learning and development practitioner’s beliefs, feelings, and behaviors about their roles