DESIGN STEPS TO TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE INSENSITIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS FOR DIGITAL AERIAL IMAGING

Imaging from air has evolved from film cameras to digital cameras over the last years. Here we give the design steps of an aerial objective lens for a given CCD sensor. Matching to the pixel pitch of the sensor and providing desired field of view according to CCD size are traditional steps. Besides these, to minimize the environmental effects, design should be insensitive to the temperature and pressure as much as possible. Performance of a lens, designed at room temperature and pressure will be degraded if temperature and pressure changes. This is firstly caused by the change of relative refraction indices of materials, and secondly thermal expansion or contraction of both glass and housing materials. Here it is shown that according to the environmental working conditions, custom designs are necessary to provide images with sufficient resolution up in the air. These design principles are also valid for the fore optics of spectroscopic imaging tools. Since designs are insensitive to temperature and pressure, working environmental range is wide

The incidence of mesothelioma has not decreased for the last twenty years in Southeast region of Anatolia

Background: Malignant pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) is a very rarely encountered tumor in the normal population. Objectives: To investigate the variations in incidence of MPM in Southeast region of Turkey. Methods: We retrospectively investigated the data of 161 MPM patients who were diagnosed from January 2000 to December 2009. The residential areas were determined according to asbestos exposure which plays a role in MPM etiology; previously reported as having asbestos (Region 1) and asbestos has not been determined previously (Region 2). Results: One hundred nine (109) of the patients (67.7%) included from the Region 1 and 52 of them (32.3%) included from the Region 2. MPM incidence of the last decade was 3.9/100,000 person/year for the whole region. In Region 1, 20002004 incidences was 12.6/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 14.9/100,000 person/year. In Region 2, 2000- 2004 incidences was 0.4/100,000 person/year and 2005-2009 incidences was 1.0/100,000 person/year. According to the recently conducted incidence studies in our region, MPM incidence increased in region 1 and decreased in region 2. The number of patients applying to our hospital has increased in the last three years. Conclusion: This increase, in Region 1 may be associated with continuous use of asbestos

Are hypertension and diabetes mellitus risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse?

Objectives Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is an important problem for women with multifactorial etiology. This study aims to determine the role of hypertension (HT) and diabetes mellitus (DM) in POP. Study design The study included 586 women admitted to Bulent Ecevit University Hospital between September 2013 and April 2015 for hysterectomy, comprising 186 patients with POP and 400 patients without. The demographic characteristics, age, body mass index (BMI), obstetrical history, type of delivery, associated medical diseases, and benign gynecological diseases were recorded. HT, DM, or both together were particularly considered as coexisting medical diseases. Results Median gravida, parity, and live birth numbers were significantly higher in POP patients (4 vs. 3, 3 vs. 2, and 3 vs. 2 respectively, p 0.05). There was a significant difference between groups regarding comorbid diseases (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis for risk factors of POP revealed age, BMI, vaginal parturition, and co-morbidity with HT + DM together significantly increased POP risk (p < 0.05). HT + DM together significantly increased risks with OR of 1.9 (1.1-3.16). Conclusions In addition to multiple factors increasing POP risk, comorbidities as HT + DM together should be considered as risk factors. Patients with these comorbidities should be encouraged to change their lifestyles to prevent POP. © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

Diagnosis and management of cow's milk protein allergy in Turkey: Region-specific recommendations by an expert-panel

Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is the most common type of food-allergy in younger Cow's milk protein children. Prognosis is usually good, with most children developing tolerance before school age. allergy; Children may present with a wide spectrum of symptoms that range from mild to severe; skin Consensus report; reactions such as angioedema and urticaria and gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common Turkey presentations of CMPA. Approximately one-third of CMPA patients suffer from multiple food allergies; severe conditions such as anaphylactic shock (9%), eosinophilic esophagitis (4.7%), and food-protein induced enterocolitis (1%) may also develop in some children. Timely and accurate diagnosis and management is essential for proper growth and development of children with CMPA. In this expert consensus report, we aimed to adapt current understandings in the CMPA field to the specific conditions in Turkey and health system to help physicians with their day-to-day decision making. (C) 2019 SEICAP. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved