Особенности развития и клинического течения основных форм бронхолегочной патологии у лиц, участвовавших в ликвидации аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС

Multiplanned clinical and laboratory study of patients who had taken part in the liquidation of the Cnernobyl accident consequences before development the disease and had received the mean irradiation dose 25 R was carried out. Those patients suffered from main broncho-pulmonary pathology forms: 33 persons — from pneumonia, 44 persons — from chronic bronchitis, 34 persons — from bronchial asthma. The results of this study were compared with the similar parameters of the control patients’ group corresponding to the basic one at the nosology, gender and age. It was revealed that the pathology in the ex-liquidators was characterized by disorders of the main homeostasis systems such as immunological, hormonal, antioxidative and coagulative systems accompanied the basic disease. This fact apparently determines the torpid course of the diseases independently on the nosology character.Проведено разноплановое клинико-лабораторное исследование группы больных с основными формами бронхолегочной патологии (пневмония — 32, хронический бронхит — 44, бронхиальная астма — 34), принимавших участие в прошлом (до болезни) в ликвидации аварии на ЧАЭС и получивших облучение в средней дозе 25 Р. Результаты исследования сопоставлены с аналогичными показателями контрольной группы больных, идентичных больным основной группы по нозологии, полу и возрасту. Выявлено, что патология у больных — бывших ликвидаторов аварии на ЧАЭС отличалась сопутствующими основной болезни нарушениями функционального состояния основных систем гомеостаза — иммунологической, гормональной, антиоксидантной, свертывания крови, что, по-видимому, определяло ее вялое, прогредиентное течение независимо от характера нозологии

The ongoing pursuit of neuroprotective therapies in Parkinson disease

Many agents developed for neuroprotective treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) have shown great promise in the laboratory, but none have translated to positive results in patients with PD. Potential neuroprotective drugs, such as ubiquinone, creatine and PYM50028, have failed to show any clinical benefits in recent high-profile clinical trials. This 'failure to translate' is likely to be related primarily to our incomplete understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying PD, and excessive reliance on data from toxin-based animal models to judge which agents should be selected for clinical trials. Restricted resources inevitably mean that difficult compromises must be made in terms of trial design, and reliable estimation of efficacy is further hampered by the absence of validated biomarkers of disease progression. Drug development in PD dementia has been mostly unsuccessful; however, emerging biochemical, genetic and pathological evidence suggests a link between tau and amyloid-β deposition and cognitive decline in PD, potentially opening up new possibilities for therapeutic intervention. This Review discusses the most important 'druggable' disease mechanisms in PD, as well as the most-promising drugs that are being evaluated for their potential efficiency in treatment of motor and cognitive impairments in PD

RÜLFS CRAMP AND OTHER PAROXYSMAL DYSKINESIA

Paroxysmal dyskinesia comprise a significant and fascinating part of movement disorders, which represent a diagnostic challenge for neurologists working on the borderlands of psychiatry and epilepsy. The current classification based on the relation of attacks to a movement is supported by the response to treatment and genetic difference. We reviewed clinical characteristics and the main advances in genetics of these unique, usually hereditary diseases. Clinical diagnosis remains the key to the treatment choice. Psychogenic causes are common in sporadic cases, but paroxysmal dyskinesia secondary to systemic or primary neurological disorders should not be missed and warrant careful investigation

Thrombocytopenia in HIV-infection

Determination of the number of platelets in HIV-infected people who applied in the Samara Regional Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS and infectious diseases. Thrombocytopenia was detected in 79%, severe in 23,1%. It was recorded at any stage of HIV infection and correlated with the level of CD4 lymphocytes. 45 patients was performed sternal puncture. Morphological evaluation of bone marrow showed changes in 87% of HIV-infected The most common violation was the low content or absence of megakaryocytes in bone marrow (72,5%)