Subspecialty training in Europe:a report by the European Network of Young Gynaecological Oncologists

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The effects of vertical earthquake motion on an R/C structure

The present study investigated the earthquake behavior of R/C structures considering the vertical earthquake motion with the help of a comparative study. For this aim, the linear time-history analyses of a high-rise R/C structure designed according to TSC-2007 requirements were conducted including and excluding the vertical earthquake motion. Earthquake records used in the analyses were selected based on the ratio of vertical peak acceleration to horizontal peak acceleration (V/H). The frequency-domain analyses of the earthquake records were also performed to compare the dominant frequency of the records with that of the structure. Based on the results obtained from the time-history analyses under the earthquake loading with (H+V) and without the vertical earthquake motion (H), the value of the overturning moment and the top-story vertical displacement were found to relatively increase when considering the vertical earthquake motion. The base shear force was also affected by this motion; however, its increase was lower compared to the overturning moment and the top-story vertical displacement. The other two parameters, the top-story lateral displacement and the top-story rotation angle, barely changed under H and H+V loading cases. Modal damping ratios and their variations in horizontal and vertical directions were also estimated using response acceleration records. No significant change in the horizontal damping ratio was observed whereas the vertical modal damping ratio noticeably increased under H+V loading. The results obtained from this study indicate that the desired structural earthquake performance cannot be provided under H+V loading due to the excessive increase in the overturning moment, and that the vertical damping ratio should be estimated considering the vertical earthquake motion. © 2016 Techno-Press, Ltd

Cadaveric Anatomy And Dissection In Surgical Training

Detailed knowledge of anatomy is an essential part of surgical practice. However, there are many drawbacks in anatomy education that make many residents feel inadequate when they start performing surgeries. Cadaveric dissection courses aim to close the gap between the anatomic knowledge and surgical practice. This review focuses on the role of cadaveric dissection on surgical education, and additionally states the panel decision of the Surgical Anatomy and Technologies Association on the proper use of cadavers.PubMedWo

An experimental study on energy-exergy analysis and sustainability index in a diesel engine with direct injection diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel blends

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biodiesel and butanol properties on energetic-exergetic efficiencies of the engine performance and assessment of sustainability. In this study, energy and exergy analyses were performed in a direct-injected (DI) diesel engine operating with various diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel blends. The experiments were conducted with a single-cylinder, naturally aspirated, water-cooled, a DI diesel engine at the maximum torque (1400 rpm) and power (2800 rpm) condition. According to obtained results, it was found that biodiesel energetic-exergetic efficiencies and sustainability index (SI) of biodiesel were higher than euro diesel. The maximum energy-exergy efficiencies and SI of the diesel engine were 32.49%, 30.25%, and 1.434, respectively and were obtained using B100 fuel at 1400 rpm. However, low butanol ratio blends had considerably similar energetic-exergetic performance and SI trends compared to euro diesel, while these values decreased by increasing the butanol ratio. Thus, D75B20But5 can be accepted as fuel that has the best fuel ratio according to the performance of the energy-exergy and SI. It could be concluded that the properties of the biodiesel and butanol have substantially affected the energy-exergy analysis and SI value of a direct-injected diesel engine

Experimental Study of Hydrogen Addition on Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel-Diesel-Butanol Fuel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine

In this study, the effects of hydrogen addition on diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel blends were investigated in terms of engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics under different engine operating conditions. The experiments were performed with eight different fuel blends at a constant engine speed of 2000rpm, which is the maximum torque value of all test fuels. The four operating conditions were at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% engine loads. Hydrogen was delivered to diesel-biodiesel-butanol fuel blends through the intake manifold with different rates of fuel mass consumption. The experiment results were compared with euro diesel and absence of hydrogen addition for all test fuels. The experimental results have revealed that at 2000rpm engine speed, the brake torque, in-cylinder pressure, and exhaust gas temperature increased with the addition of hydrogen. Nevertheless, the brake-specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbon (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and smoke opacity emissions decreased under various engine conditions. The heat release rate was generally shown to be decreased with higher engine loads and increased with lower engine load conditions, while a rise in thermal efficiency was observed. Therefore, the addition of hydrogen in a diesel engine usually exhibited fewer emissions, improved the combustion process, and increased the brake torques of the engine by comparison to the absence of hydrogen addition

Comparison of surface roughness of Locust acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and European oak (Quercus petraea (Mattu.) Lieble.) in terms of the preparative process by planing

WOS: 000246257500018Effects of number of the cutters (planing knives), feed rate (operational speed) and cutting depth (biting thickness) on the surface roughness of Locust acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and European oak (Quercus petraea (Mattu.) Lieble.) were investigated on the base of the preparative differences by planing. The specimens were prepared by planing with two and four knives at 5 and 9 m/min feed rates in 1, 2 and 4 mm cutting depths. Surface roughness was measured from the radial face of each sample according to TS 930 (1989) by using Mitutoyo SJ-301 stylus scanner device. These measurements were performed perpendicular to the fibers by the sampling length of 12.5 mm at a sensitivity level of +/- 0.01 mu m. Considering between all types of the experimental preparations, Locust acacia had the smoothest surfaces than that of European oak. Comparing the results of the surface roughness of both species, it has been obtained that the surface roughness decreases when the feed rate and the cutting depth decreases, whereas it increases when the knives on the cutter heads decreases. Therefore, it may be suggested that the perfect faces could be particularly prepared for this considered species by the greater number of the knives (four) at the slow feed rate (5 m/min) in the condition of the light cutting depth (I mm). (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved