Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sambiloto( Andrographis Paniculata Nees) terhadap Histopatologi Pankreas Mencit ( Mus Musculus ) Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe I

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which damage the beta cells (β) which led to the destruction of langerhans of pancreas gland. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood glucose levels and progressive changes to the structure of the histopathology of the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf ( Andrographis paniculata Nees) on pancreatic histopathology of Alloxan induced diabetic mice. This research is an experimental research design by Post Test Randomized Control Group Design Experim ental animals used were mice ( Mus musculus) 12 sample of mice ±2 weeks old were adapted for 5 days. Mice were divided into 4 groups, namely, negative control, positive contro l (3 days of alloxan injection) and diabetic mice treated with the ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf with 2 different doses (doses I =2,2mg/kg and dosesII=4,4mg/kg) for 14 days. On day15, mice were necropsy and pancreas were collected for further Hematoxiline Eosin (HE) coloration. The results showed that DM alloxan induced type 1 mice (Mus  musclus), the pancreas characterized by the occurrence of necrosis, langerhans islet was not bounded clear and breakthe linkage of the langerhans islet with a Cinar while on ethanol extract therapy of sambiloto leaf dose 2,2 mg/kg and 4,4 mg/kg in mice DM type I showed the results an improvement on the langerhans islet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a dose of 2,2 mg/kg and 4,4 mg/kg is effective dose to repair the structure of langerhans islet of mice Type I DM, but it is more adv isable to us a therapeutic dose of 4,4 mg/kg because it changes the structure of Langerhans islet

UPAYA MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN YANG SEHAT MELALUI PEMBUATAN MCK BAGI WARGA KAMP PENGUNGSI TIMOR BARAT

ABSTRAKKamp pengungsi Dilor Tuapukan adalah salah satu contoh kamp pengungsi di Timor Barat yang masih dihuni oleh pengungsi sejak tahun 1999.  Kamp pengungsi seluas ± 2,25 ha (150 m x 150 m) ini dihuni oleh 111 KK dengan jumlah jiwa sebanyak 275 orang. Seluruh KK tinggal di rumah darurat yang tidak layak huni sesuai standar rumah sehat dengan kondisi ALADIN (atap, lantai, dinding) seadanya yakni atap dari daun gewang, dinding dari bebak/pelepah dan lantai tanah. Selain itu, ketersediaan MCK pun sangat kurang, bahkan mayoritas KK (± 85%) di kamp ini tidak memilik MCK sendiri, sehingga mereka memanfaatkan kebun di sekitar kamp untuk buang air besar (BAB). Dari hasil pantauan di wilayah kamp pengungsi Dilor terlihat ada sebuah MCK permanen, 12 MCK darurat berdinding daun gewang tanpa closet. Saluran pembuangan air dari MCK pun macet sehingga air tergenang disepanjang saluran. Hal ini tentu menciptakan lingkungan yang tidak sehat. Tidak tersedianya MCK yang layak sesuai standar kesehatan disebabkan karena keterbatasan dana untuk membangun MCK serta ketidakpahaman warga akan pentingnya kesehatan lingkungan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengatasi ketidaktersediaan MCK dengan membuatkan MCK umum bagi warga. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan selama 2 bulan dan menghasilkan 2 unit MCK permanen dengan masing-masing MCK memiliki 3 kamar. Setelah MCK selesai dibuat dan digunakan, selanjutnya tim pelaksana melakukan monitoring ke lokasi setiap 2 minggu sekali untuk memantau aktifitas warga dalam menggunakan MCK. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa warga tidak buang air besar (BAB) sembarangan. Kata kunci: kamp pengungsi; lingkungan; MCK. ABSTRACTThe DilorTuapukan refugee camp, is one of the refugee camps in West Timor that has been inhabited by refugees since 1999. The area of this camp is approximately 2.25 hectares (150 m x 150 m).This refugee camp is inhabited by 111 families with a total of 275 people.The whole family lives at emergency houses. The houses are not suitable for habitation (viewed from the Healthy Home Standard).  The condition of the houses that they live in, especially in terms of ALADIN (roof, floor, walls) conditions is very unhealthy and very simple. The roof of the houses are made of Gewang Leaves, the walls are made of Bebak / Midrib and the floor are made of land only. In addition, the availability of facilities for bathing, washing clothes, and defecating (MCK) are very lacking. The majority of families (± 85%) in this camp do not have their own toilet. To carry out the MCK activities, they used the garden around the camp. For example, to defecate (BAB) is stiffened in the garden area. From the results of monitoring in the area of the Dilor refugee camp, it can be seen that there is a permanent toilet only, 12 emergency toilets with Gewang leaf walls without watercloset. The drainage channel from the toilets was jammed, so that the water was stagnant along the channel. This certainly creates an unhealthy environment. The unavailability of proper toilets according to health standards, are due to limited funds to build toilets, and residents' lack of understanding of the importance of environmental health. Therefore, to overcome the unavailability of toilets, the implementation team will make public toilets for residents. This activity was carried out for 2 months, and has succeeded build 2 permanent MCK units with each MCK having 3 rooms. Keywords: refugee camp; environment; MCK

Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with acquired bla(vim) metallo-beta-lactamase determinants, Italy.

6nonenoneROSSOLINI G.M.; RICCIO M.L.; CORNAGLIA G.; PAGANI L.; LAGATOLLA C.; SELAN L. AND FONTANA R.Rossolini, G. M.; Riccio, M. L.; Cornaglia, G.; Pagani, L.; Lagatolla, Cristina; Selan, L. AND FONTANA R

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sambiloto( Andrographis paniculata Nees) Terhadap Histopatologi Pankreas Mencit ( Mus musculus ) Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe I

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which damage the beta cells (β) which led to the destruction of langerhans of pancreas gland. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by increased blood glucose levels and progressive changes to the structure of the histopathology of the pancreas. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf ( Andrographis paniculata Nees) on pancreatic histopathology of Alloxan induced diabetic mice. This research is an experimental research design by Post Test Randomized Control Group Design Experim ental animals used were mice ( Mus musculus) 12 sample of mice ±2 weeks old were adapted for 5 days. Mice were divided into 4 groups, namely, negative control, positive contro l (3 days of alloxan injection) and diabetic mice treated with the ethanol extract of sambiloto leaf with 2 different doses (doses I =2,2mg/kg and dosesII=4,4mg/kg) for 14 days. On day15, mice were necropsy and pancreas were collected for further Hematoxiline Eosin (HE) coloration. The results showed that DM alloxan induced type 1 mice (Mus  musclus), the pancreas characterized by the occurrence of necrosis, langerhans islet was not bounded clear and breakthe linkage of the langerhans islet with a cinar while on ethanol extract therapy of sambiloto leaf dose 2,2 mg/kg and 4,4 mg/kg in mice DM type I showed the results an improvement on the langerhans islet. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a dose of 2,2 mg/kg and 4,4 mg/kg is effective dose to repair the structure of langerhans islet of mice Type I DM, but it is more adv isable to us a therapeutic dose of 4,4 mg/kg because it changes the structure of Langerhans islet

Karakteristik Morfologi dan Distribusi Karbohidrat Netral pada Uterus Kelelawar Buah (Pteropus Vampyrus) Asal Pulau Timor

Timorese fruit bat(Pteropusvampyrus)is the only fly mammalian with its unique behavior which hanging upside down inspite of its pregnancy. This research is aimed to reveal the morphology of the Timorese fruit bats and the distribution of neutral carbohydrate within this organ. Three uterus samples derived from three different Timorese fruit bats were used in the research.Both macroscopical and microscopical examinations using H&E and PAS methods were applied. Macroscopically, Timorese fruit bats showedsoft reddish white duplex uterus. Meanwhile microscopically, endometrium consisted of epithelial layer and lamina propria and was the place where simple tubular glands located. The epithelial layer comprised of simple cylindric secretory cells and ciliated cells. Neutral carbohydrate distribution was seen within this epithelial layer. Myometrium was a thick circular smooth muscle layer which consisted of smooth muscle separated by collagen and elastic fibre. Perimetrium was a visceral layer and consisted of mesothelial cells

Protease treatment affects both invasion ability and biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes

Listeria monocytogenes is a notably invasive bacterium associated with life-threatening food-borne disease in humans. Several surface proteins have been shown to be essential in the adhesion of L. monocytogenes, and in the subsequent invasion of phagocytes. Because the control of the invasion of host cells by Listeria could potentially hinder its spread in the infected host, we have examined the effects of a protease treatment on the ability of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms and to invade tissues. We have chosen serratiopeptidase (SPEP), an extracellular metalloprotease produced by Serratia marcescens that is already widely used as an anti-inflammatory agent, and has been shown to modulate adhesin expression and to induce antibiotic sensitivity in other bacteria. Treatment of L. monocytogenes with sublethal concentrations of SPEP reduced their ability to form biofilms and to invade host cells. Zymograms of the treated cells revealed that Ami4b autolysin, internalinB, and ActA were sharply reduced. These cell-surface proteins are known to function as ligands in the interaction between these bacteria and their host cells, and our data suggest that treatment with this natural enzyme may provide a useful tool in the prevention of the initial adhesion of L. monocytogenes to the human gu

Bartonella spp. isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in North America.

Bartonella species were isolated from 49% of 128 cattle from California and Oklahoma, 90% of 42 mule deer from California, and 15% of 100 elk from California and Oregon. Isolates from all 63 cattle, 14 deer, and 1 elk had the same polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. Our findings indicate potential for inter- and intraspecies transmission among ruminants, as well as risk that these Bartonella spp. could act as zoonotic agents

Diagnosis and Management of Infected Total Knee Arthroplasty§

Infection following total knee arthroplasty can be difficult to diagnose and treat. Diagnosis is multifactorial and relies on the clinical picture, radiographs, bone scans, serologic tests, synovial fluid examination, intra-operative culture and histology. Newer techniques including ultrasonication and molecular diagnostic studies are playing an expanded role. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty with antibiotic cement and 4-6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic treatment remains the most successful intervention for infection eradication. There is no consensus on the optimum type of interval antibiotic cement spacer. There is a limited role for irrigation and debridement, direct one-stage exchange, chronic antibiotic suppression and salvage procedures like arthrodesis and amputation. We examine the literature on each of the diagnostic modalities and treatment options in brief and explain their current significance