Prevalence and distribution of the fabella: a radiographic study in Turkish subjects

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the plain knee radiographs in Turkish subjects in order to determine the prevalence of the fabella and analyse the differences between age, gender, laterality and its symmetry pattern. Materials and methods: Bilateral antero-posterior and lateral knee radiographs of 500 patients (250 male and 250 female subjects, 1000 knee radiographs) were randomly selected from the clinical database and retrospectively evaluated. Data on patient age, gender, and knee laterality (right–left) were evaluated from hospital records. The differences between the sesamoid bones at a particular location and the side, sex and age groups were analysed. Results: The overall prevalence of the fabella (unilateral or bilateral) was 22.8% (114 subjects). The fabella was present unilaterally in 38 (7.6%) subjects, while it was present bilaterally in 76 (15.2%) subjects. The prevalence of the fabella was similar between the body sides. The prevalence of the fabella was also similar between genders (unilateral or bilateral cases) and age groups. Conclusions: We examined the prevalence, symmetry pattern, age and gender differences in Turkish population. It is the first study performed on Turkish population with the largest sample in current literature. Prevalence of fabella is found to be 22.8% which is quite similar with other Caucasian ethnic populations

Seafarer citizen scientist ocean transparency data as a resource for phytoplankton and climate research

The oceans' phytoplankton that underpin the marine food chain appear to be changing in abundance due to global climate change. Here, we compare the first four years of data from a citizen science ocean transparency study, conducted by seafarers using home-made Secchi Disks and a free Smartphone application called Secchi, with contemporaneous satellite ocean colour measurements. Our results show seafarers collect useful Secchi Disk measurements of ocean transparency that could help future assessments of climate-induced changes in the phytoplankton when used to extend historical Secchi Disk data

Synthesis and structural characterization of novel new Co (II) complexes of heteroatom bearing ligandsCo 2 (L 1 )(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] 2 . 2.5H 2 O, [Co 2 (L 2 )(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 4 ] 2 . 2H 2 O and [Co 2 (L 3 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 2

ABSTRACT In this study, the ligands of bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole) (L 1 ), bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)methane (L 2 ) and bis(2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl)benzene (L 3 ) have been synthesized via the reactions of oxalic acid (1a), malonic acid (1b) and terephthalic acid (1c) with thiosemicarbazide. The structures of (L 1 ), (L 2 ) and (L 3 ) compounds have been elucidated, by elemental and spectroscopic analyses. Then, novel new Co (II) complexes of (L 1 ), (L 2 ) and (L 3 ) have been synthesized; and the structures of these complexes have been determined by elemental analysis, spectrometric and TGA/DTA methods and magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements. Coordination numbers of dimeric, L 1 Co and L 2 Co complexes and monomeric L 3 Co complex are found to be six. From the elemental analyses and mass spectra data, the complexes were proposed to the formulas [Co 2 (L 1 ) (SO

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Mn(II), Co(III), Ni(II) and Cd(II) Complexes from 4-(2-Ntrophenylazo)-1H-Pyrazole-3,5-Diamine

In this study, the diazotized o-nitroaniline was coupled with malononitrile. The ring closure reaction of the obtained product with hydrazine monohydrate yielded 4-(2-nitrophenylazo)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine (L). The structure of L has been elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Then, novel Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cd(II) complexes of L have been synthesized, and the structures of these complexes determined by elemental analysis, spectrometric and TGA/DTA methods, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All complexes were monomeric. Except Mn(II) complex, other complexes were diamagnetic. From the elemental analyses and mass spectra data, the complexes were proposed to the formulas [MnL 2(CH 3O)H 2O]·Cl ·CH 3OH, [CoL 2(CH 3O) 2] ·Cl·2.5CH 3OH, [NiL 2(CH 3OH) 2] ·6.5CH 3OH and [Cd 2L 2(Cl) 2(CH 3O) 2] ·CH 3OH·1.5H 2O. For Mn(II) and Co(III) complexes octahedral and for the Ni(II) complex square planar geometry were proposed, but the Cd(II) complex includes five coordinated structure. The Mn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes were found to be mononuclear and electrolytes. On the other hand Cd(II) complex was found to be dinuclear and non-electrolyte. © 2011 American Scientific Publishers

Synthesis and characterization of Ni(II) and Cd(II) complexes of 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)- 1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine and 4-(4-methylphenylazo)-1H- pyrazole-3,5-diamine

In this study, the diazotized p-nitroaniline and p-methylaniline were coupled with malononitrile. The ring closure reaction of the obtained products with hydrazine monohydrate yielded 4-(4-methylphenylazo)-1H-pyrazole-3,5-diamine (L1) and 4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-1H-pyrazole- 3,5-diamine (L 2). The structure of the ligands has been elucidated by spectroscopic analyses. Then, novel Ni(II) and Cd(II) complexes of the ligands have been synthesized and the structures of these complexes determined by elemental analysis, spectrometric and TGA/DTA methods, molar conductance and magnetic susceptibility measurements. All the complexes were monomeric and diamagnetic. From the elemental analyses and mass spectra data, the complexes were proposed to the formulae [Ni2(L1)2(OH) 2]·2Cl·8.5H2O, [Cd2(L 1)2(OH)2]·2Cl·DMF·3H2O, [Ni(L2)2]·2Cl·2DMF·7H2O and [Cd2(L2)2(OH)2(H 2O)4]·2Cl·1.5H2O. For the Cd(L2) complex octahedral geometry was proposed, but the Ni(L 1), Ni(L2) and Cd(L1) complexes show four coordinated structure. The Ni(L1), Cd(L1) and Cd(L 2) complexes were found to be dinuclear. On the other hand the Ni(L2) complex was found to be mononuclear. All the complexes were found to be (1:2) electrolytes

Solitary fibrous tumour of the ethmoid sinuses and anterior fossa

A 68-year-old woman presented with a 2 month history of progressive headache, left extremity weakness, and cognitive difficulties. Neuroimaging results demonstrated a macrocystic tumour attached to ethmoid sinuses and disclosed atypical findings. The tumour was totally removed. All the symptoms and signs ameliorated after surgery. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations led to a diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour. A solitary fibrous tumour could be seen in various intracranial areas but ethmoid sinuses and anterior fossa are not an exceptional site. They appear as extra-axial tumours with a characteristic pattern on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but the cystic component is very unusual. Intracranial location and MRI features of this rare entity are presented and discussed along with various dura based tumours