Relapsirajući polihondritis i leukemična infiltracija u bolesnika s mijelodisplastičnim sindromom

A 56-year-old female patient with myelodysplastic syndrome is presented, in whom pathogenetically diverse mechanisms led to the development of severe sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral blindness. The patient had suffered from myelodysplastic syndrome from 2003. One year after verification of the diagnosis, she presented to the Department of Ophthalmology for ptosis and edema of the right eyelid, exophthalmia, visual impairment, and restricted ocular movement. The discomforts persisted for four weeks to result in the loss of vision. This was followed by impaired hearing in the right ear, accompanied by vertigo. Two months later, the same occurred in the left ear, preceded by visual impairment in the left eye with identical symptomatology as in the right eye. The disease eventually resulted in bilateral hearing loss and blindness. Laboratory findings were consistent with the clinical picture. Audiologic testing confirmed sensorineural deafness in the right ear first, followed by severe conductive hearing loss in the left ear. Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance findings of the ear were normal. Computed tomography of the orbits showed bilateral optic nerve thickening. There was bilateral absence of visual evoked potentials and presence of relative afferent pupillary defect. Analysis of the patient’s findings and comparison with literature reports suggested the role of two mechanisms, i.e. relapsing polychondritis and leukemic cell infiltration, in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome symptomatology.Prikaz slučaja 56-godišnje bolesnice sa sindromom mijelodisplazije, u koje patogenentski dvojni mehanizmi dovode do razvoja teške senzorineuralne gluhoće i sljepoće. Sindrom mijelodisplazije se verificira 2003. godine. Godinu dana kasnije razvijaju se oteklina vjeđa, egzoftalmija, poremećaj vida i reducirani pomaci očne jabučice desnog oka. Poteškoće završavaju sljepoćom desnog oka. Sljepoća je praćena naglim gubitkom sluha na desnom uhu, s hipotonijom perifernog vestibularnog osjetila. Dva mjeseca kasnije sljepoća i gluhoća zahvaćaju lijevo oko i lijevo uho. Osnovna bolest se komplicira obostranom sljepoćom i gluhoćom. Biokemijski nalazi prate kliničku sliku. Audiološka testiranja potvrđuju senzorinerulanu nagluhost, pa gluhoću na desnom uhu, kasnije i na lijevom. Kompjutorizirana tomografija i nalaz magnetske rezonancije pokazuju uredan nalaz piramida sljepoočnih kostiju i zadebljanje očnog živca obostrano. Usporedo postoji obostrano odsutan VEP odgovor i relativni aferentni pupilarni defekt. Analiza učinjenih pretraga i usporedba sa spoznajama iz literature upućuje na sudjelovanje dvaju mehanizama, tj. relapsirajućeg polihondritisa i leukemične celularne infiltracije, u sklopu patogeneze sindroma mijelodisplazije

Torčec, Ledine 2004 - Early Medieval Settlement

U razdoblju od 10. srpnja do 5. kolovoza 2004. Institut za arheologiju iz Zagreba u suradnji s Muzejom grada Koprivnice, obavio je nastavak sustavnih arheoloπkih istraživanja na lokalitetu Ledine u Torčecu. Tim su iskopavanjima istraženi ostaci triju ranosrednjovjekovnih objekata. Prvi, manji objekt u očuvanom dijelu naglašeno je izduženoga ovaloidnog oblika, dok su druga dva kvadratičnoga oblika. Zapune objekata ispunjene su tamnosmeđesivom zemljom, ulomcima keramike, mnoštvom životinjskih zubiju i kostiju, lijepa te nešto metalnih predmeta. Osim ostataka triju objakata, evidentiran je i jedan kanal koji se protezao smjerom SZ-JI, zapunjen tamnosmeđesivom zemljom, garom i sporadičnim nalazima keramike, te jedan ovalni ukop zapunjen tamnosmeđesivom zemljom bez materijalnih ostataka. Prema pokretnim materijalnim ostacima, pronađenima u objektima, poglavito malih noževa kratkog sječiva, nekoliko tipova malih keramičkih pršljenova za ribarske mreže, koštanih alatki od kojih je zanimljiv harpun te metalnih većih i manjih udica, može se zaključiti da u gospodarstvu stanovnika naselja na Ledinama veliku ulogu igra ribolov. Uzrok napuštanju naselja koje je postojalo tijekom 10. i 11. stoljeća (prema C14 analizi), vjerojatno je bilo plavljenje Drave.In the period from 10 July to 5 August 2004 the Institute for Archaeology from Zagreb in co-operation with the Koprivnica Town Museum, led by Tajana Sekelj Ivančan, Ph.D., continued systematic archaeological excavations at the Ledine site in Torčec (Appendix 1). In the excavations of 2004, three cultural fillings, or closed units, i.e. three early medieval structures were investigated (Appendix 2). One of the structures had a longitudinal oval shape, with rounded corners, and in the dark brown, 18 cm thick filling, dappled with soot, a small number of small ceramic fragments and some gravel were found. The second facility stood out as a dark rectangular stain. In the 0,24 m thick filling, dappled with charcoal and soot, plenty of ceramic vessel and daub fragments, two smaller iron knives and sporadic animal bones were collected. The third structure is square in shape with apparently rounded corners and an extended part on the northern side. In the 63 cm thick filling a larger quantity of daub was found, as well as fragments of several ceramic vessels, a large number of animal bones and teeth, several iron artifacts, dross, six small ceramic whorls and a dressed bone artifact were found. The central part of the pit was the deepest, becoming “atter toward the margins, whereas three holes from wooden pillars were registered on the eastern and western margin of the pit (Fig. 1). In the subsequently conducted controls of a larger area a canal was registered, extending in NW-SE direction. In the upper part of the 65 cm thick canal filling sporadic finds of extraordinarily fragmentised ceramics and crushed gravel were unearthed, whereas a metal artifact - a harpoon - stands out. Somewhat more to the south of the canal an oval burial without any material remains was registered. According to movable material remains, particularly small short-bladed knives that were used to gut and scale fish, several types of small ceramic fishing net whorls, bone tools, of which the harpoon is particularly interesting, and larger and smaller metal hooks, we can conclude that the basic industry of the inhabitants of the settlement along the Drava River meander in Ledine was fishing. At a time when the meander was filled with water it was an inexhaustible source of food to the ancient population of Torčec. The river was probably also the direct cause for abandonment of the settlement. According to C14 dating, the settlement existed in the tenth and eleventh centuries, and at that time or immediately thereafter there was probably a flood which, as the archaeological excavations show, destroyed the uppermost parts of the facilities and the presumed buildings between them. Layer SU 004, with finds of early medieval ceramics expanding on the entire excavated surface, suggests the same

BINDING OF INDOLES TO HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN

Albumin (HSA) jedan je od najvažnijih transportnih proteina u ljudskom serumu. Albumin veže različite endogene i egzogene tvari. U patološkim stanjima kao što je zatajenje bubrega te u bolestima jetre, dolazi do nakupljanja uremičnih spojeva koji se vežu na albumin i na taj način inhibiraju vezanje lijekova pa terapija nije učinkovita. Jedan od uremičnih spojeva je indol-3-octena kiselina (IAA) za koju je dokazano da se specifično veže na albumin u patološkim stanjima. U ovom radu istraženo je vezanje IAA, L-triptofana, 5-metil-IAA i 5-benziloksi-IAA na HSA u prisustvu i odsustvu vezanih masnih kiselina koje se normalno u organizmu vežu na HSA. Metodom ravnotežne dijalize i fluorescencijske spektroskopije određena je koncentracija nevezanog i vezanog liganda te su podaci analizirani grafičkim prikazom prema Scatchardu. Indolni spojevi se vežu specifično na jedno vezno mjesto u albuminu s različitim afinitetima. Najveći afinitet ima IAA u odnosu na ostale proučavane indolne spojeve.Human serum albumin (HSA) is one of the most important transport proteins in human serum. Albumin binds various endogenous and exogenous substances. In pathological conditions such as renal failure and in liver disease, there are present uremic compounds which bind to albumin and thereby inhibit the binding of drugs leading to ineffective therapies. One of the uremic compounds is indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) which has been shown to specifically bind to albumin in pathological conditions. This study investigated the binding of IAA, L- tryptophan, 5-methyl-IAA and 5-benzyloxy-IAA to HSA in the absence and presence of fatty acids, which are normally bound to HSA. By using methods of equilibrium dialysis and fluorescence spectroscopy, the concentrations of unbound and bound ligands were determined, and the data were analyzed according to Scatchard plot. Indole compounds are binding specifically to one binding site of the albumin with different affinities. IAA binds with the highest affinity as compared to other studied indoles

Anti-Semitism in Yugoslavia (1919–1945)

Ispitivanju fenomena antisemitizma u Jugoslaviji 1919—1945. autor pristupa na osnovi sheme dinamike antisemitizma iz knjige Ch. Glock and R. Stark, Christian Beliefs and Antisemitism. Isto tako, na osnovu teze H. Arendt, vrši se razlikovanje između modernog političkog antisemitizma od tradicionalnog religioznog antijevrejstva. Metoda kojom se autor služi u deskripciji antisemitizma u međuratnoj Jugoslaviji je analiza sadržaja arhivske građe, kao i sekundarnih izvora. Osnovna teza članka je da se u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji antisemitizam javljao na nivou ubeđenja (pritajena individualna mržnja koja se nikada ne iskazuje otvoreno) i osećanja (etnička i religiozna distanca spram Jevreja). U vrijeme fašizacije Evrope i jačanja utjecaja Njemačke i Italije na unutrašnje odnose u Jugoslaviji, ova dinamika antisemitizma zadobila je nivo akcije, prvo kao sastavni dio ideologije vodećih političkih stranaka, a zatim kao mere državno-pravne diskriminacije prema Jevrejima (»Koroščevi zakoni«). Na taj način, zaključuje autor u trećem djelu članka, pripremljena je podloga za fizičku akciju u obliku genocida nad jugoslavenskim Jevrejima do kojeg je došlo u svim djelovima okupirane zemlje tokom drugog svetskog rata.The author follows the scheme of the dynamics of anti-Semitism of the book Christian Beliefs and Antisemitism by Glock and Stark in his analysis of the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in Yugoslavia from 1919 to 1945. Besides, a distinction is made between modern political anti-Semitism and traditional religious anti-Judaism on the basis of Hanna Arendt’s premise. The method applied by author in his description of anti-Semitism in Yugoslavia between two world wars consists of the contents analysis of public records (archives) and secondary sources. The basic assertion of the article is the following: anti-Semitism was manifested on the level of convictions (suppressed individual hatred which was never openly displayed) and feelings (ethnical and religious reserve towards the Jews) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During the period of the fascistization of Europe and of the increased influence of Germany and Italy on internal affairs in Yugoslavia, the dynamics of anti-Semitism expanded into the level of action, at first as a component of the ideology of the dominant political parties, and consequently as governmental and leval measures of discrimination with respect to Jews (»the statutes of Korošec «). In such a manner, as the author concludes in the third part of the article, the foundation of the physical action against the Yugoslav Jews in the form of genocide had been prepared, and it was carried out throughout the occupied country during the World War Second

Relapsirajući polihondritis i leukemična infiltracija u bolesnika s mijelodisplastičnim sindromom

A 56-year-old female patient with myelodysplastic syndrome is presented, in whom pathogenetically diverse mechanisms led to the development of severe sensorineural hearing loss and bilateral blindness. The patient had suffered from myelodysplastic syndrome from 2003. One year after verification of the diagnosis, she presented to the Department of Ophthalmology for ptosis and edema of the right eyelid, exophthalmia, visual impairment, and restricted ocular movement. The discomforts persisted for four weeks to result in the loss of vision. This was followed by impaired hearing in the right ear, accompanied by vertigo. Two months later, the same occurred in the left ear, preceded by visual impairment in the left eye with identical symptomatology as in the right eye. The disease eventually resulted in bilateral hearing loss and blindness. Laboratory findings were consistent with the clinical picture. Audiologic testing confirmed sensorineural deafness in the right ear first, followed by severe conductive hearing loss in the left ear. Computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance findings of the ear were normal. Computed tomography of the orbits showed bilateral optic nerve thickening. There was bilateral absence of visual evoked potentials and presence of relative afferent pupillary defect. Analysis of the patient’s findings and comparison with literature reports suggested the role of two mechanisms, i.e. relapsing polychondritis and leukemic cell infiltration, in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndrome symptomatology.Prikaz slučaja 56-godišnje bolesnice sa sindromom mijelodisplazije, u koje patogenentski dvojni mehanizmi dovode do razvoja teške senzorineuralne gluhoće i sljepoće. Sindrom mijelodisplazije se verificira 2003. godine. Godinu dana kasnije razvijaju se oteklina vjeđa, egzoftalmija, poremećaj vida i reducirani pomaci očne jabučice desnog oka. Poteškoće završavaju sljepoćom desnog oka. Sljepoća je praćena naglim gubitkom sluha na desnom uhu, s hipotonijom perifernog vestibularnog osjetila. Dva mjeseca kasnije sljepoća i gluhoća zahvaćaju lijevo oko i lijevo uho. Osnovna bolest se komplicira obostranom sljepoćom i gluhoćom. Biokemijski nalazi prate kliničku sliku. Audiološka testiranja potvrđuju senzorinerulanu nagluhost, pa gluhoću na desnom uhu, kasnije i na lijevom. Kompjutorizirana tomografija i nalaz magnetske rezonancije pokazuju uredan nalaz piramida sljepoočnih kostiju i zadebljanje očnog živca obostrano. Usporedo postoji obostrano odsutan VEP odgovor i relativni aferentni pupilarni defekt. Analiza učinjenih pretraga i usporedba sa spoznajama iz literature upućuje na sudjelovanje dvaju mehanizama, tj. relapsirajućeg polihondritisa i leukemične celularne infiltracije, u sklopu patogeneze sindroma mijelodisplazije

Komunizam i država u djelu Karla Marxa

Autor analizira shvatanje države, kao oblika otuđenog života u Marksovom opusu, polazeći od konstatacije da se pod tim pojmom označava onaj oblik ove političke institucije koji se javlja s apsolutističkom monarhijom, odnosno prvim oblicima robne proizvodnje. Za Marksa, država je iluzorna zajednica jer je ona izraz iluzornog opšteg interesa nastalog apstrahovanjem od sfere građanskog društva: u modernom građanskom društvu Marks razlikuje dve sfere, građansko društvo, tj. sferu čovekove empirijske egzistencije, i sferu države, tj. osamostaljenog zajedničkog interesa. Konstatujući da je za Marksa-filozofa država prividna zajednica, surogat zajednice koji se osamostaljuje naspram individuuma, autor analizira Marksov koncept prevazilaženja (Aufhebung) države i konstatuje imenentne ograničenosti toga koncepta koji se manifestuju, pre svega, u nedostatku analize funkcionisanja modernog industrijskog društva. Naime, umesto traženja mogućih empirijskih modusa prevazilaženja ove političke institucije, Marks gradi — i to sasvim nedosledno — jedan apstraktni (Pariška komuna kakva bi ona mogla da bude) prevazilaženja države, što onda dovodi do toga da se ceo problem prenosi sa nivoa političke filozofije na nivo mogućih operacionalizacija ideja komunizma.The author analyses the concept of state as a form of alienated life in the works of Karl Marx, starting from the assessment of state denoting that form of political institution which emerged within absolutist monarchy, that is, together with the first forms of commodity production. State is an illusory community for Marx, for it is an expression of the illusory common interest conceived by an abstraction from the sphere of bourgeois society: in the modern bourgeois society Marx differentiates two spheres, that of the bourgeois society (i.e. the sphere of the human empirical existence) and the sphere of state (i.e. independently developed common interest). Asserting that state is fictitious community for Marx — the philosopher — a surrogate of a community becoming autonomous as opposed to the individual — the author analyses Marx\u27es concept of the superseding of state (Aufhebung), and he ascertains the inherent limitations of that concept which are manifested, primarily, in the lack of any analysis of the functioning of the modem industrial society. Specifically, instead of seeking possible empirical modes of superseding such a political institution, Marx is developing — and without any consistency — an abstract model (the Commune of Paris as it could have been) of the superseding of state, which leads to the relocation of the whole problem from the level of political philosophy to the level of possible operationalizations of the idea of communism

Human skin pigmentation as an adaptation to UV radiation

Pigmentacija ljudske kože nastala je kao rezultat prirodne selekcije koja se odvijala pod utjecajem dvaju čimbenika. U područjima visokog UV zračenja, blizu ekvatora, razvila se tamna pigmentacija kako bi se zaštitila folna kiselina, dok je do evolucije depigmentirane kože došlo u područjima s niskim UV zračenjem zbog potrebe održavanja proizvodnje vitamina D. Važnost očuvanja folne kiseline i sama proizvodnja vitamina D kako bi ljudsko tijelo normalno funkcioniralo je ogromna. Folna kiselina i vitamin D važni su za reproduktivni uspjeh. Između ekvatora i polova, između 23. i 46. stupnja geografske širine evoluirali su ljudi s konstitutivnom pigmentacijom koji mogu tamniti. Tamnjenje kože ili fakultativna pigmentacija je odličan evolucijski kompromis jer kada je intenzitet UVB zračenja niski, koža ostaje svjetlija da bi se mogao proizvoditi vitamin D u takvim uvjetima, a kako se poveća intenzitet UVB zračenja, ten postaje tamniji da bi se zaštitila folna kiselina od fotolize uzrokovane UV zračenjem. Pigmentacija ljudske kože predstavlja jedan od najboljih primjera evolucije prirodnom selekcijom te je savršen model za njeno učenje i razumijevanje.Pigmentation of human skin is the result of natural selection, which took place under the influence of two factors. In areas of high UV radiation, near the equator, dark pigmentation has developed to protect folate, while the evolution of depigmented skin occured in areas with low UV radiation because of the need to maintain the production of vitamin D. The importance of preservation of folic acid and vitamin D production itself in the human body is huge. Between the equator and the poles, between 23 and 46 degrees of latitude, there evolved humans with constitutive pigmentation of tanable skin. Tanning or facultative pigmentation is a great evolutionary compromise because when the intensity of UVB radiation is low, the skin remains of lighter pigmentation so it could produce vitamin D under such conditions, and as intensity of UVB radiation is getting higher, tan is getting darker so it could protect folate acid from photolysis caused by UV radiation. Pigmentation of human skin is one of the best examples of evolution by natural selection and it is the perfect model for learning and understanding it

Archaeological Excavations of an Early Medieval Smelting Workshop at the Virje-Volarski breg Site

U zaštitnim arheološkim iskopavanjima, provedenim u travnju 2008. godine na položaju Virje-Volarski breg, istraženi su ostaci talioničke radionice od koje je evidentirano pet talioničkih peći in situ, nekoliko dislociranih ostataka uništenih peći, pet otpadnih jama sa zapečenom zemljom, jedna ograda s popratnim tvorevinama te mnoštvo stupova. Istraživanjima su ustanovljeni oblici peći. Sve su se sastojale od tri različita, ali međusobno spojna dijela. To su: ložište, kanalić i jamica za višak zgure. Ustanovljen je i prostorni razmještaj iskopanih peći u arheološki istraženom dijelu radionice. Po dvije peći postavljene su jedna nasuprot drugoj s otvorima za izljev tekuće zgure s vanjske strane. Višak zgure premještao se u obližnje otpadne jame sa zapečenim dnom koje su istodobne pećima. Analiza radioaktivnog izotopa ugljika iz uzorka ugljena prikupljenog u najočuvanijoj peći kao i ugljena iz najočuvanije otpadne jame, pokazala je vrijeme funkcioniranja talioničke radionice na položaju Virje-Volarski breg u razdoblju ranoga srednjega vijeka, točnije u vremenu između kraja 8. i tijekom 9. stoljeća. Dvije su jame/objekti prema arheološkim nalazima pokazivale drugačiju sliku. U njima je pronalažena keramika finih stijenki te nešto životinjskih kostiju. Analiza ugljena prikupljenog u zapuni jedne od njih dala je prapovijesnu dataciju, točnije, latensko razdoblje 2. do prve polovine 1. st. pr. Kr.In archaeological rescue excavations conducted at the Virje-Volarski breg site over seven workdays, from 21 to 28 April 2008, the remains of a smelting workshop were investigated, of which five smelting kilns, several dislocated remains of destroyed furnaces, five waste pits with burnt earth, one fence with the corresponding formations and a number of pillars were registered in situ. In the excavations, the kiln shapes were identified. They all consisted of three interlinked parts: the fireplace, a small channel and a little hole for dross excess. The spatial organization of excavated kilns in the archaeologically examined part of the smelting workshop was identified as well. Pairs of two kilns were positioned opposite of each other with outlets for liquid dross on their outside. Excess dross was transported to the nearby waste pits with fired bottoms, which were synchronous with the kilns. The analysis of a radioactive carbon isotope, taken from the best-preserved kiln SU 008/009, and from charcoal from the best-preserved waste pit SU 018/019, provided a framework for the time in which the smeltning workshop was active at the Virje-Volarski breg site in the Early Middle Ages, more precisely at the time between the late eight and the ninth centuries. Archaeological finds from two pits/structures stand out from the usual situation. In them, fine pottery and some animal bones were found. The analysis of charcoal collected in fill SU 095 dates them to prehistory, i.e. in the La Tène period, approximately from the second until the first half of the first centuries BC

Frükarolingische Flügellanze aus der Kiesgrube Jegeniš bei Koprivnica

Prigodom radova na eksploataciji šljunka na šljunčari Jegeniš, sjeveroistočno od Koprivnice, slučajno je u proljeće 2002. g. pronađeno željezno koplje. Koplje je listolikog oblika, s tuljcem za usađivanje drvenog drška. Na ukrašenom tuljcu nalaze se dva bočna krilca. Koplje s krilcima iz šljunčare Jegeniš prema oblikovnim značajkama datira se u razdoblje od posljednje trećine 8. st. do samog početka 9. st. Tijekom daljnjeg iskorištavanja na približno istom položaju, pronađeni su ostaci životinjskih kostiju te fragmentirani dijelovi ljudskih lubanja. Iako je koplje pronađeno na šljunčari uz rijeku Dravu, s obzirom na ostale slučajne nalaze kao i na osnovi prostorne rasprostranjenosti istodobnih slučajnih nalaza u okolici, pretpostavlja se postojanje groblja na tom mjestu koje je uništeno eksploatacijom šljunka.Im Verlauf der Kiesförderung in der Kiesgrube Jegeniš nordöstlich von Koprivnica wurde im Frühjahr 2002 zufällig eine Eisenlanze gefunden. Die Lanze ist blattförmig, mit einer Tülle zur Befestigung des hölzernen Schafts. An der verzierten Tülle befinden sich seitlich zwei Flügelchen. Die Flügellanze aus der Kiesgrube Jegeniš wird in die Zeit zwischen dem letzten Drittel des 8. und dem Beginn des 9. Jahrhunderts datiert. Im Laufe der weiteren Kiesförderung wurden auf ungefähr derselben Lage auch Überreste von Tierknochen sowie Fragmente menschlicher Schädel freigelegt. Obwohl die Lanze in der Kiesgrube nahe der Drau gefunden wurde, vermutet man aufgrund der anderen Zufallsfunde aus der gleichen Zeit und deren in dieser Umgebung liegenden Verbreitungsgebiete, daß sich an dieser Stelle ein Gräberfeld befand, das durch die Kiesförderung zerstört wurde

Fourth Season of Archaeological Excavations at the Prečno pole I Site in Torčec

U arheološkim iskopavanjima ranosrednjovjekovnog naselja Prečno pole I. u 2008. godini istražene su tri sonde, ukupne površine 692 m2. Dvije su sonde (S-5 i S-7) u kojima se očekivalo eventualno rasprostiranje ranosrednjovjekovnoga groblja, bile u potpunosti sterilne. U sondi S-6 istražen je dio naselja prepoznat prijašnjih godina i evidentirano je 9 novih kulturnih tvorevina. Od toga mogu se izdvojiti tri naseobinska objekta od kojih je jedan, onaj smješten najbliže meandru, veoma dobro očuvan te je dao osnovne konstruktivne i oblikovne elemente ranosrednjovjekovnih kuća u ovom naselju otvorenog tipa. Od pokretnih nalaza iz istraženih objekata valja izdvojiti polovicu mlinskog kamena - žrvnja, brončanu karičicu, spiralni ulomak karičice, željeznu britvu, ulomke željeznih nožića te ulomak koštanog češlja. Od keramičkih nalaza pronađeni su ulomci pršljena te mnoštvo ulomaka običnih kuhinjskih lonaca i pekača. Na prikupljenim ulomcima ističu se ukrasi češljastom valovnicom na ramenima i trbusima posuda, ali i na vanjskim i unutarnjim stranama rubova jednostavnih profilacija. Sve su to odlike ranosrednjovjekovne keramike koja se uklapa u dosadašnje rezultate istraživanja. Ovo naselje prostiralo se uz sam južni rub isušenog meandra, a oblicima kuća i pokretnim nalazima, uklapa se u sliku naseljavanja poznatu u okolnim zemljama jugoistočne Europe tijekom ranoga srednjega vijeka.In the archaeological excavations conducted in 2008, three archaeological digs were opened. The overall excavated surface in all three trial trenches (S-5, S-6 and S-7) was 692 m². Two trial trenches (S-5 and S-7), in which a possible early medieval cemetery was expected, were completely sterile. Therefore, based on the excavation results thus far, it can be concluded that the skeletal burial found in the archaeological excavations of 2005, dated with the help of the C 14 analysis to the latter half of the eight century, was individual; no other burials were discovered. The cemetery was probably at another nearby, yet undefined place. Trial trench S-6 yielded very good results. The continuation of the settlement excavated in past years was registered in it. A total of nine cultural formations were excavated. Among them, three residential structures can be identified, of which the one situated closest to the meander was very well preserved, and it brought about the basic construction and form elements of early medieval houses in this open-type settlement. The form of residential houses was rectangular, with an east-west orientation, with a round fireplace at the western side of the structure. At the southern side of the fireplace, within the structure itself, in its western part, there was a thick wooden pillar that bore some type of roof structure. The roof structure may have leaned on the structure’s eastern periphery, since a slight, round broadening was registered, without digs along the line of the pillar bearing the roof construction. At the western side of the structure there was a deep fireplace, possibly with a domed construction, the remains of which collapsed into the structure further east. The form and construction elements of the other two, rather poorly preserved residential structures can only be assumed, since all excavated structures were very shallow, directly beneath ploughed soil, and in some parts only several centimetres were preserved. Besides residential houses, two round formations and one oval shallow formation were found; it is not possible to identify their primary function with certainty, but it is possible that they represent some auxiliary structures near the houses. Furthermore, two shallow pillars and a round, smaller formation were registered and excavated as well, also of unknown function. Among the moveable finds from the excavated structures, those worth mentioning are: half of a millstone/grindstone, a bronze ring, a spiral fragment of a ring, an iron razor, fragments of small iron knives, and a fragment of a bone comb. Out of the ceramics, fragments of whorls were found, and numerous fragments of simple kitchen pots and baking pans. On the collected fragments, decorations with a combed wavy line on the vessel’s shoulders and bellies, but also on the outer and inner sides of simple-profiled brims stand out. All of these are characteristics of early medieval pottery which fit well in the excavation results thus far. The excessively large surface of the archaeological digs in S-5, S-6 and S-7 of approximately 700 m² was excavated this year, which – along with the approximately 208 m² of S-4, opened in 2007, with no archaeological finds in the southern zones, leads to the conclusion that the medieval settlement extended along the southern periphery of the meander, and that in the follow-up of the excavations trial trenches should be dug directly along the old, dried-out branch of the Drava River. The selection of settlement positions along old meanders and river beds, and the square or rectangular shape of the structures comply with the picture of settlements known in other nearby South-east European countries in the Early Middle Ages