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Anti-Semitism in Yugoslavia (1919–1945)

Abstract

Ispitivanju fenomena antisemitizma u Jugoslaviji 1919—1945. autor pristupa na osnovi sheme dinamike antisemitizma iz knjige Ch. Glock and R. Stark, Christian Beliefs and Antisemitism. Isto tako, na osnovu teze H. Arendt, vrši se razlikovanje između modernog političkog antisemitizma od tradicionalnog religioznog antijevrejstva. Metoda kojom se autor služi u deskripciji antisemitizma u međuratnoj Jugoslaviji je analiza sadržaja arhivske građe, kao i sekundarnih izvora. Osnovna teza članka je da se u Kraljevini Jugoslaviji antisemitizam javljao na nivou ubeđenja (pritajena individualna mržnja koja se nikada ne iskazuje otvoreno) i osećanja (etnička i religiozna distanca spram Jevreja). U vrijeme fašizacije Evrope i jačanja utjecaja Njemačke i Italije na unutrašnje odnose u Jugoslaviji, ova dinamika antisemitizma zadobila je nivo akcije, prvo kao sastavni dio ideologije vodećih političkih stranaka, a zatim kao mere državno-pravne diskriminacije prema Jevrejima (»Koroščevi zakoni«). Na taj način, zaključuje autor u trećem djelu članka, pripremljena je podloga za fizičku akciju u obliku genocida nad jugoslavenskim Jevrejima do kojeg je došlo u svim djelovima okupirane zemlje tokom drugog svetskog rata.The author follows the scheme of the dynamics of anti-Semitism of the book Christian Beliefs and Antisemitism by Glock and Stark in his analysis of the phenomenon of anti-Semitism in Yugoslavia from 1919 to 1945. Besides, a distinction is made between modern political anti-Semitism and traditional religious anti-Judaism on the basis of Hanna Arendt’s premise. The method applied by author in his description of anti-Semitism in Yugoslavia between two world wars consists of the contents analysis of public records (archives) and secondary sources. The basic assertion of the article is the following: anti-Semitism was manifested on the level of convictions (suppressed individual hatred which was never openly displayed) and feelings (ethnical and religious reserve towards the Jews) in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. During the period of the fascistization of Europe and of the increased influence of Germany and Italy on internal affairs in Yugoslavia, the dynamics of anti-Semitism expanded into the level of action, at first as a component of the ideology of the dominant political parties, and consequently as governmental and leval measures of discrimination with respect to Jews (»the statutes of Korošec «). In such a manner, as the author concludes in the third part of the article, the foundation of the physical action against the Yugoslav Jews in the form of genocide had been prepared, and it was carried out throughout the occupied country during the World War Second

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