New discovery of a large-sized Tetraconodon (Artiodactyla, Suidae) from the lower part of the Irrawaddy Formation, Myanmar

New fossil dentitions of a large-sized Tetraconodon (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Suidae) were discovered from the lower part of the Irrawaddy Formation, Migyaungye Township, Magway Division, central Myanmar. These specimens are the largest among the Tetraconodon specimens ever found in Myanmar. The molar dimensions of these specimens are similar with those of Tetraconodon magnus but are smaller in the dimensions of last two premolars than T. magnus. Therefore, we assigned these specimens as Tetraconodon sp. cf. T. magnus. The occurrence of a large Tetraconodon confirms an Upper Miocene age for the lower part of the Irrawaddy Formation

ミャンマー連邦北シャン州における雑穀・コンニャク遺伝資源の探索収集

A collaborative exploration between Japan and Myanmar to collect some millets and Konjak in Northern Shan State of Myanmar was undertaken from Dec. 1 to Dec 30 in 2000. The regions explored were Pyin Oo Lwin, Kyaume, Namtu, Lashio, Laukai, Kutkhai and Muse. A total of 65 millet seed samples and a total of 45 Konjak tubers were collected during the exploration. Seed samples collected include 18 of job\u27s tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen), 15 of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), 2 of tatary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertn),2 of wild buckwheat (F. cymosum Meissn), 8 of foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.), 4 of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn), 5 of Niger (Guizotia abyssinica (L.) Cass.), 3 of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), 7 of Perilla (Perilla frutescens Britton), 1 of Corn (Zea mays L.). Job\u27s tears were mainly cultivated with upland rice by Palon tribe people. Common buckwheats were cultivated at mountain area in Kutkhai and Laukai region. Konjaks were not cultivated by farmhouse but collected by Shan tribe people at mountains. Millets were cultivated by Shan people

Fish diversity of a spring field in Hopong Town, Taunggyi District, Shan State, Myanmar (the Salween River Basin), with genetic comparisons to some “species endemic to Inle Lake”

Hopong, a small town in the Salween (Thanlwin) River Basin, Myanmar, is located 35 km northeast of Inle Lake, a famous ancient lake with numerous endemic fish species. We surveyed the fish fauna of a spring pond in Hopong in 2016, 2019 and 2020 and identified 25 species. Of these, seven, including Inlecypris auropurpureus and Sawbwa resplendens, had been considered endemic to Inle Lake and at least three species were genetically unique. Eight were suspected or definite introduced species, including Oreochromis niloticus and Gambusia affinis. We were unable to identify a nemacheilid species of the genus Petruichthys, which would need a taxonomic examination. The Hopong area is being developed rapidly and, hence, it is crucial to conserve its native fish species and the freshwater ecosystems

Clinical resolution of periodontitis among diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis co-morbidity under medical-dental coordinated care: a preliminary study in Kuantan

Clinical resolution of periodontitis (CRP) of type-2 diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (T2DM-PD) after receiving non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT) has been reported in the previous studies. This study aimed to evaluate CRP of T2DM-PD under medicaldental coordinated care (M-DCC). Materials and Methods: A 6-months follow-up quasi-experimental study was conducted among 20 subjects who received M-DCC in 2016. M-DCC included standard diabetic care provided by medical professional from 3 health clinics and NSPT provided by periodontal specialists from two periodontal specialist clinics. Target glycemic control achievement (TGCA) HbA1c 6.5% was assessed at baseline and 6 months after NSPT. Clinical resolution of PD was measured in terms of BPE, BOP %, CAL(mm), PPD(mm), PPD 4mm, PPD =4 mm and PPD 6mm at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Paired simple t test and ANOVA F test were applied to infer clinical resolution of periodontitis and its relation to TGCA. Results: Mean (SD) of average BPE at baseline, 3- and 6-months were 3.52(0.34), 3.12(0.33) and 3(0.45) with (p<0.05); average PPD(mm) were 3.33(0.5), 3.23(0.75) and 2.73(0.57) with (p<0.05); PPD(%) 4mm were 71.03(12.33), 82.77(9.9) and 85.85 (8.9) with (p<0.05); PPD(%) =4 mm were 27.94(11.9), 16.97(10.01) and 13.71(9.1) with (p<0.05) ; PPD(%) 6mm were 8.04(4.32), 2.66(2.3) and 1.87(2.32) with (p<0.05). Significant resolution of BPE, CAL(mm) and PPD(mm) was noticed among two subjects who has changed from uncontrolled TGCA to controlled TGCA. Conclusion(s): CRP and TGCA results have verified the effectiveness of M-DCC. A further clinical control trial with adequate sample size needs to confirm the results of the present study

ミャンマー連邦シャン州北部およびカチン州における稲遺伝資源の探索収集

Myanmar is a country having a large genetic diversity of crop genetic resources. But through the introduction of improved varieties, local varieties so called landraces are now on the verge of extinction. It is a critical stage to explore, collect and conserve domestic plant genetic resources in the country for future utilization. Thus a joint rice exploration program of MAFF Genebank project and Myanmar Seed Bank was carried out in the Northern Shan State and Kachin State of Myanmar from November 16 to December 15,2000. Of the lowland rice varieties collected, 80 percent were improved varieties introduced from foreign countries in the past 3～5 years. However some landraces suitable for the eating habitat of local people or local agro-ecological conditions such as alkali soil are still remained. On the other hand, most of the upland rice varieties were landraces although improved varieties have been gradually introduced. A total of 104 varieties including landraces, improved varieties and wild rices were collected. In the landraces, a big variation was observed on grain shape, grain color, plant type, tolerance to cool weather and resistance to pests and diseases

Oral hygiene practices and periodontal disease status assessment among diabetic patients from three selected public medical primary care clinics in Kuantan, Malaysia

Evidences on the bilateral relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and periodontal disease (PD). Thus, the aim of this study was to assess periodontal disease status and oral hygiene of DM-patients from public medical care clinics (PMPCCs

Breast cancer management pathways during the COVID-19 pandemic: outcomes from the UK ‘Alert Level 4’ phase of the B-MaP-C study

Abstract: Background: The B-MaP-C study aimed to determine alterations to breast cancer (BC) management during the peak transmission period of the UK COVID-19 pandemic and the potential impact of these treatment decisions. Methods: This was a national cohort study of patients with early BC undergoing multidisciplinary team (MDT)-guided treatment recommendations during the pandemic, designated ‘standard’ or ‘COVID-altered’, in the preoperative, operative and post-operative setting. Findings: Of 3776 patients (from 64 UK units) in the study, 2246 (59%) had ‘COVID-altered’ management. ‘Bridging’ endocrine therapy was used (n = 951) where theatre capacity was reduced. There was increasing access to COVID-19 low-risk theatres during the study period (59%). In line with national guidance, immediate breast reconstruction was avoided (n = 299). Where adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted (n = 81), the median benefit was only 3% (IQR 2–9%) using ‘NHS Predict’. There was the rapid adoption of new evidence-based hypofractionated radiotherapy (n = 781, from 46 units). Only 14 patients (1%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 during their treatment journey. Conclusions: The majority of ‘COVID-altered’ management decisions were largely in line with pre-COVID evidence-based guidelines, implying that breast cancer survival outcomes are unlikely to be negatively impacted by the pandemic. However, in this study, the potential impact of delays to BC presentation or diagnosis remains unknown

Process Development of Lentil flour- based Adhesive for Woodworking Industries

The aim of this paper was to develop a quality wood adhesive from readily available renewable resource and to reduce significant amount of petroleum based phenol and formaldehyde with biomass. Quality wood adhesive was prepared on the basis of 15.15 % of defatted lentil flour, 59.4 % of phenol and 25.5 % of formaldehyde. The physicomechanical properties of prepared adhesive were measured and compared with standard phenol formaldehyde adhesive. The prepared adhesive was applied successfully in plywood industries, parquet flooring and. particleboard preparation. The prepared adhesive bonded 3-ply plywood has nearly the same shear strength as those of standard phenol formaldehyde (PF) and urea formaldehyde (UP) adhesives. A specific study was made on the preparation and physicomechanical properties of various types of particleboards by using different raw materials, viz, sawdust (wood flour), coir (coconut fibre), straw fibre and bagasse, and 15% w/w of adhesive. The produced particleboards were measured for their thickness, modulus of rupture, water absorption, density and hardness. Findings from these measurements indicated that the prepared adhesive do provide proper bonding of particleboard. The prepared adhesive has been used to produce particleboards having tensile strength (modulus of rupture) and water resistance values equal to those obtained using a standard PF adhesive. Thus, the lentil flour based phenol-formaldehyde adhesive is cost effective and can be used as good quality adhesive in plywood industry, parquet flooring and particleboard makings

Effective Method of Age Dependent Face Recognition

This Automatic age dependent face recognition system is developed. This approach is based on the Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Eigen face approach is used for both age prediction and face recognition. Face database is created by aging groups individually. The age prediction is carried out by projecting a new face image into this face space and then comparing its position in the face space with those of known faces. After that we find the best match in the related face database, the Eigen face representation of an input image is first obtained. Then it is compared with the Eigen face representation of face in the database. The closest one is the match. It will be reduced the time complexity using this approach. The proposed method preserves the identity of the subject while enforcing a realistic recognition effects on adult facial images between 15 to 70 years old. The accuracy of the system is analyzed by the variation on the range of the age groups. The efficiency of the system can be confirmed through the experimental results