ATEP Directors\u27 and Atcs\u27 Perceptions of the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral Competencies

Recent data clearly indicates that Certified Athletic Trainers (ATC) desire and may benefit from additional sport psychology training. It has been posited that psychological rehabilitation is just as, if not more, important than the physical rehabilitation process (Wiese, Weiss & Yukelson, 1991). Stiller-Ostrowski and Ostrowski (2008) support this by stating that psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation have been identified as an area of focus due to ATCs feeling underprepared. The current study was designed to extend from previous research by examining Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP) directors\u27 and ATCs\u27 perceptions of the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral competencies. Specifically, both groups will rate the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral competencies on importance, criticality, and preparedness, as well as rank the NATA Educational Competencies on these same variables. Participants included 88 randomly selected ATCs and 53 undergraduate ATEP directors from both genders, all race/ethnicity groups, and all NATA districts (geographic regions). Both groups completed the Athletic Training Educational Competency Questionnaire (ATECQ) online at http://www.surveymonkey.com. After a 5-week data collection time period, results were analyzed using one-tailed independent T-tests with an alpha level of 0.01 and an effect size of 0.50. Significant results were not found within the importance, criticality, or preparedness variables. However, it was noted that ATEP directors reported two psychosocial competencies to be more important compared to ATCs. In addition, ATCs and ATEP directors ranked the importance, criticality, and preparedness factors of the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral content area below 50% of the other content areas. Moreover, both groups ranked the acute care of injuries and illnesses, orthopedic clinical examination and diagnosis, and risk management and injury prevention as the most important, critical, and prepared. Overall, ATCs and ATEP directors do not consider the psychosocial aspects in athletic training as important or critical as the other content areas. Therefore, it is less likely that time is spent preparing students in this area. It is suggested that educational opportunities need to be made more available to ATCs and ATEP directors. More importantly, complete rehabilitation of the athlete will not occur until ATCs begin to treat the psychological aspects of injury

ATEP Directors\u27 and Atcs\u27 Perceptions of the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral Competencies

Recent data clearly indicates that Certified Athletic Trainers (ATC) desire and may benefit from additional sport psychology training. It has been posited that psychological rehabilitation is just as, if not more, important than the physical rehabilitation process (Wiese, Weiss & Yukelson, 1991). Stiller-Ostrowski and Ostrowski (2008) support this by stating that psychosocial aspects of rehabilitation have been identified as an area of focus due to ATCs feeling underprepared. The current study was designed to extend from previous research by examining Athletic Training Education Program (ATEP) directors\u27 and ATCs\u27 perceptions of the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral competencies. Specifically, both groups will rate the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral competencies on importance, criticality, and preparedness, as well as rank the NATA Educational Competencies on these same variables. Participants included 88 randomly selected ATCs and 53 undergraduate ATEP directors from both genders, all race/ethnicity groups, and all NATA districts (geographic regions). Both groups completed the Athletic Training Educational Competency Questionnaire (ATECQ) online at http://www.surveymonkey.com. After a 5-week data collection time period, results were analyzed using one-tailed independent T-tests with an alpha level of 0.01 and an effect size of 0.50. Significant results were not found within the importance, criticality, or preparedness variables. However, it was noted that ATEP directors reported two psychosocial competencies to be more important compared to ATCs. In addition, ATCs and ATEP directors ranked the importance, criticality, and preparedness factors of the Psychosocial Intervention and Referral content area below 50% of the other content areas. Moreover, both groups ranked the acute care of injuries and illnesses, orthopedic clinical examination and diagnosis, and risk management and injury prevention as the most important, critical, and prepared. Overall, ATCs and ATEP directors do not consider the psychosocial aspects in athletic training as important or critical as the other content areas. Therefore, it is less likely that time is spent preparing students in this area. It is suggested that educational opportunities need to be made more available to ATCs and ATEP directors. More importantly, complete rehabilitation of the athlete will not occur until ATCs begin to treat the psychological aspects of injury

An Infrapatellar Fat Pad Tear in a High School Football Player: A Case Report

Objective: To present a clinical case exploring the occurrence and management of a tear to the infrapatellar fat pad IFP of a high school football player. Background: Acute tears to the IFP are rare. Typically, the IFP becomes impinged (i.e., Hoffa’s disease) through a fall, direct knee trauma, or surgical complications, and requires conservative treatment. Treatment: A 15-year-old high school football player reported to the athletic training clinical complaining of right knee discomfort and the inability to fully flex the knee. The patient stated that during a field goal attempt he missed the ball and hyperextended his right knee. Hoffa’s disease and impingement of the IFP have been well documented, but these injuries have a different mechanism of injury. Uniqueness: More common injuries to the IFP occur because of microtraumas (i.e., Hoffa’s disease) or direct trauma to the knee (i.e., IFP impingement) in older populations. For this patient, the mechanism of injury was non-contact and minimal swelling, and no visual deformity or discoloration were present to suggest an injury. Additionally, the patient was able to complete functional movements with complaining only of “weird tightness” in the knee during extension. Conclusion: Due to the similarity of multiple knee pathologies, unknown mechanisms of injury need to be considered when evaluating the knee structure. Further examination is needed to determine demographic data and the probability of a non-contact injury is to the IFP, especially in pediatric patients

Differentiating Self-Reported Imagery Abilities with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Motor imagery (MI), a top-down knowledge-driven process involving the deliberate cognitive simulation or rehearsal of an action without engaging in overt physical movements, shares the same neural networks as movement execution improving motor learning and enhancing performance of motor tasks. The capacity to form images is not universal, and is a variable, moderating factor of neural activity impacting intervention effectiveness and distinguishing between individual imagery abilities. Measuring imagery abilities through self-report measures (i.e., MIQ-3 and VMIQ-2) is common, but the importance of behavioral and neuroimaging techniques have also been highlighted. Despite the robustness of these questionnaires, few studies have investigated their biological validity. This is surprising given that these questionnaires are frequently used to determine participants’ imager abilities and adopting them in the neuroscience literature for screening purposes. Therefore, two studies were conducted to help extend present MI theories by examining the convergent validity of self-report questionnaires through fMRI. In the first study, 17 females aged 18-30 screened by the MIQ-3 as having good imagery abilities were recruited to examine the construct validity of the MIQ-3. Following an fMRI simulation session, participants were scanned to determine the neural networks active during KI, IVI, and EVI of the arm rotation task of the MIQ-3. Results revealed common and distinct brain activity providing initial biological validation for the imagery abilities delineated in the MIQ-3. For study two, an additional 17 participants aged 18-30 were screened as having poor imagery abilities. The task and procedure were identical to the previous study. As expected, both good and poor imagers had peak activations in the inferior parietal lobule and motor-related areas. Inter-group comparisons revealed that good imagers had greater activation in the frontal, parietal and premotor areas. By contrast, poor imagers recruited a wider neural network (i.e., middle frontal gyrus and subcortical areas). Overall, both studies provide central evidence for common and divergent neural networks of imagery abilities defined in the sport sciences. Future research should expand this body of literature to other tasks and male participants as well as investigate imagery abilities used to create cognitive and affective image content

Perceptual and Contextual Sources of Athletic Training Confidence: The Transition to Professional Entry Level Master’s Programs

Introduction: The shift of athletic training education from undergraduate degrees to professional master’s degrees and the prominence of computer-based credentialing may impact the hands-on experiences beneficial for developing confidence in athletic training competency domains. Health care provider confidence is critical for clinical skill development, performance and enhancing patient care. Purpose: To examine domain specific efficacy, its sources, learning contexts (i.e., classroom, laboratory, clinical settings) and clinical characteristics by program types. Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional design where 178 Athletic Trainers (AT; age 24.25 + 3.76, n = 72 male, n = 106 female) participated in the study (Master’s Program (MP) = 38; Undergraduate Program (UG) = 140). A questionnaire examining athletic training confidence was administered throughout multiple universities with accredited athletic training programs. Background characteristics, certification exam attempts, and programmatic characteristics were also ascertained. Results: Clinical settings were similar in both program types and there were few differences in domain-specific efficacy. Imaginal experiences, verbal persuasion and emotional states sources of efficacy differentiated master’s from undergraduate students. Conclusions: Sources of efficacy (e.g. vicarious experiences) occur naturally in athletic training educational settings; however, these sources need to be utilized. Educators should be informed about efficacy sources and devise strategies targeting each source for implementation across evolving learning contexts

Effect and Distribution of Contrast Medium after Injection into the Anterior Suprachoroidal Space in Ex Vivo Eyes

PURPOSE: To determine the effects and posterior distribution of injections made into the anterior suprachoroidal space (SCS). METHODS: The anterior SCS of adult porcine and canine ex vivo eyes was cannulated. Latex injections and high frequency ultrasound (50 MHz) was used to image the effect and distension of the SCS. Flow characteristics and percentage maximal distribution of microbubble contrast injection into the SCS were assessed by 2D and 3D ultrasound. RESULTS: Mean (SD) distension of the SCS with PBS increased from 1.57 (0.48) mm after injection of 250 μL to 3.28 (0.57) mm with 1000 μL PBS. Eyes injected at physiologic IOP had no significant difference in SCS distension. In real-time 2D ultrasound, the contrast agent flowed from the injection site to the opposite ventral anterior SCS and the posterior SCS. Contrast arrived at the opposite and posterior SCS 7.8 (4.6) and 7.7 (4.6) seconds after injection, respectively. In sagittal images, contrast was visible in 24.0%to 27.2% of the SCS; in 10 of 12 eyes, contrast reached the posterior pole of the eye. In 3D images, contrast medium occupied 39.0% to 52.1% of the entire SCS. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the SCS can expand, in a dose-dependent manner, to accommodate various volumes of fluid and that it is possible to image the SCS with ultrasound contrast. The authors' hypothesis that a single anterior SCS injection can reach the ocular posterior segment was supported. Further development of SCS injections for treatment of the ocular posterior segment is warranted

Swiss CRM 2013 : Einsatz und Trends in Schweizer Unternehmen

StudieDie aktuelle Swiss CRM Studie beleuchtet den Status Quo sowie die Trends des CRM in der Schweiz. Der Schwerpunkt der diesjährigen Ausgabe liegt im Bereich Customer Experience Management. Dabei wird erstmals nicht nur die Unternehmenssicht, sondern auch die Kundenperspektive am Beispiel von drei teilnehmenden Unternehmen abgefragt

Absence of FMLP Receptors on Rat Macrophages

Although rat peritoneal neutrophils in the presence of cytochalasin B demonstrate superoxide (O2‐) responses to the chemotactic peptide N’‐formyl‐met‐leu‐phe (FMLP), neither elicited rat peritoneal macrophages nor rat alveolar macrophages show an O2‐response to FMLP (in the presence or absence of cytochalasin B), although a good O2‐response to opsonized zymosan is demonstrated by both types of macrophages. Using Fura‐2 loaded cells, peritoneal macrophages failed to show an increase in intracellular calcium after exposure to FMLP, f‐nor‐leu‐phe, F‐met‐met‐met, or F‐norleu‐leu‐phe‐norleu‐lys. FMLP also failed to induce elevations in intracellular calcium in alveolar macrophages. In 3H‐FMLP binding studies, the lack of responsiveness of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages was associated with the lack of FMLP receptors on these cell types, in striking contrast to the presence of functional receptors on rat neutrophils.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141351/1/jlb0600.pd

Swiss Marketing Leadership Studie 2015 : Status Quo und Trends in Schweizer Unternehmen

Marketing ändert sich fundamental und sollte in modernen Unternehmen eine steuernde Funktion in Richtung Kunden- und Marktorientierung einnehmen. Vor diesem Hintergrund entschied sich das Institut für Marketing Management der ZHAW School of Management and Law zu einer Fusion der beiden bewährten Studienformate «Swiss CRM» und «Swiss Product Management» und veröffentlicht erstmalig die «Swiss Marketing Leadership Studie»

Identification of a novel lysophospholipid acyltransferase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Journal of Biological Chemistry, 282(42): pp. 30562-30569.The incorporation of unsaturated acyl chains into phospholipids during de novo synthesis is primarily mediated by the 1-acylsn- glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase reaction. In S. cerevisiae, Slc1 has been shown to mediate this reaction but distinct activity remains after its removal from the genome. To identify the enzyme that mediates the remaining activity, we performed synthetic genetic array analysis using a slc1Δ strain. One of the genes identified by the screen, LPT1, was found to encode for an acyltransferase that uses a variety of lysophospholipid species, including 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate. Deletion of LPT1 had a minimal effect on 1-acyl-snglycerol- 3-phosphate acyltransferase activity but over-expression increased activity 7-fold. Deletion of LPT1 abrogated the esterification of other lysophospholipids and over-expression increased lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase activity 7-fold. The majority of this activity co-purified with microsomes. To test the putative role for this enzyme in selectively incorporating unsaturated acyl chains into phospholipids, in vitro, substrate concentration series experiments were performed with the four acyl-CoA species commonly found in yeast. While the saturated palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA showed a lower apparent Km, the monounsaturated palmitoleoyl-CoA and oleoyl-CoA showed a higher apparent Vmax. Arachidonyl-CoA, although not abundant in yeast, also had a high apparent Vmax. Pulse-labeling of lpt1Δ strains showed a 30% reduction in [3H]oleate incorporation into phosphatidylcholine only. Therefore, Lpt1p, a member of the membrane bound o-acyltransferase gene family, seems to work in conjunction with Slc1 to mediate the incorporation of unsaturated acyl-chains into the sn-2 position of phospholipids