Hatchability and biochemical composition of Artemia urmiana's nauplii at different incubation times

Hatchability of cysts and nutritional value of Artemia urmiana's nauplii in different incubation times were evaluated. The experiments were conducted at five incubation times 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 hours, in triplicate random groups. Hatchability of cysts during these periods was determined with standard methods. Nauplii were hatched in five litre bottles to determine their biochemical composition. Dry weight, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, ash, caloric content and fatty acid compositions of naupiiies were determined at different developmental stages. Also, the dry weight and the biochemical composition of nauplii were determined individually, at different develop-mental stages. The results showed that the hatching percentage and efficiency increased with time with the hatching percentage being significant (P0.05). Based on the results, the incubation times 25 or 26 hours are recommended for harvesting nauplii. At these times, hatchability and the amount of harvested nauplii increased while their nutritional value was highest

Age determination and feeding habits of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) in the northern Oman Sea

Age determination and feeding habits of the Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus, was carried out in the northern Oman Sea (Chabahar area), based on 212 specimens collected between September 2009 and May 2010. The minimum and maximum fork length and body weight were measured as 145, 258 mm and 55.31, 288.12 g. The relationship between Body Weight (BW) and Fork Length (FL) for all individuals was estimated as BW= 0.0001×FL2.83 (r2 = 0.9425, n= 212). The Vacuity Index (VI) was 55.2% that shows N. japonicus is a moderate feeder. The maximum and minimum Gastro-Somatic Index for males was in autumn and winter seasons and for females were in summer and spring. The Food Preference Indices were estimated as: crustacean (63.2%) as main food fishes (38.9%) and molluscs (36.8%) as minor food. Age determination was done by otolith sectioning. A total of 135 sagitta were sectioned. The maximum age was 5+ years old for a female with FL= 256 mm and the youngest one was 1 year old for a female with FL= 145 mm. Based on obtained results there is a significant relationship between feeding and age namely with increase of age, the feeding rate is decreased without any changes in type of feeding and food contents

MRI robot for prostate focal laser ablation : An ex vivo study in human prostate

Purpose: A novel grid-template-mimicking MR-compatible robot was developed for in-gantry MRI-guided focal laser ablation of prostate cancer. Method: A substantially compact robot was designed and prototyped to meet in-gantry lithotomy ergonomics and allow for accommodation in the perineum. The controller software was reconfigured and integrated with the custom-designed navigation and multi-focal ablation software. Three experiments were conducted: (1) free space accuracy test; (2) phantom study under computed tomography (CT) guidance for image-guided accuracy test and overall workflow; and (3) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided focal laser ablation of an ex vivo prostate. The free space accuracy study included five targets that were selected across the workspace. The robot was then commanded five times to each target. The phantom study used a gel phantom made with color changing thermos-chromic ink, and four spherical metal fiducials were deployed with the robot. Then, laser ablation was applied, and the phantom was sliced for gross observation. For an MR-guided ex vivo test, a prostate from a donor who died of prostate cancer was obtained and multi-focally ablated using the system within the MRI gantry. The tissue was sliced after ablation for validation. Results: free-space accuracy was 0.38 ± 0.27 mm. The overall system targeting accuracy under CT guidance (including robot, registration, and insertion error) was 2.17 ± 0.47 mm. The planned ablation zone was successfully covered in both acrylamide gel phantom and in human prostate tissue. Conclusions: The new robot can accurately facilitate fiber targeting for MR-guided focal laser ablation of targetable prostate cancer

Robot for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guided Focal Prostate Laser Ablation

Approximately, 240,000 men in the U.S. are diagnosed with prostate cancer annually A carefully designed robotic system can simplify magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided prostate therapy by: optimizing the access to the prostate target improving the positioning accuracy and repeatability reducing downtime between ablation and procedure time In this paper, a robotic system for MRI-guided prostate FLA is presented. We hypothesized that accurate placement of laser catheters to planned tumor locations could be achieved under MRI guidance and robotic positioning, critically important to avoid unnecessary gland punctures as well as to ensure the ablation treatment covering full volume of the tumor. This would maximize the utility of a minimally invasive system. Preoperative parametric MRI information together with intraoperative magnetic resonance (MR) thermometry imaging could update the plan iteratively after each ablation Methods 2.1 Robotic Positioner. The goal of developing an MRconditional robotic system imposes several limitations on the use of materials to be plastics and small amounts of nonferromagnetic metals for patient safety and preserving image quality. Spatial limitations imposed by the small cylindrical bore (55-70 cm) of an MRI scanner and workspace required by prostate targeting dictate the available volume for the robot to occupy and the volume over which the robot must provide targeting capabilities. The prostate targeting volume was determined to be an approximately 50 mm square region in the transverse plane; open space between the needle guide and the bore opening was needed to allow operation. A slim robot design built around a Core-XY belt system was chosen as a solution to the design requirements

The status of concept of freedom in the thoughts of Imam Khomeini (R.A)

Freedom based on Imam Khomeini's (RA) thought was a gift from god and blessed by God through the resistance and long struggle of Muslim nation of Iran. According to Imam Khomeini, freedom was one of the greatest ideal of Iran's revolution and Islamic movement; nobody has authority to deprive people of God- given freedom. He noted to all aspects of freedom and knew the ensuring freedom of opinion, expression, criticism, assembly, press, media and etc. as the task of the Islamic state. Imam Khomeini, in his remarks on struggle, considered freedom as a major goal and this word was expressed repeatedly in his pre-revolution speeches. He considered freedom as the basic human right which was bestowed to him/her from the beginning of the creation. It is like the right to live that he/she benefitted from before the formation of society and government. Governments are obliged to protect its privacy. Valuing freedom highly, he knew freedom as the outcome of monotheism; as belief in god leads to the freedom of human and depriving others of freedom was equivalent to atheism. This paper was to investigate the concept and types of freedom in the thought of Imam Khomeini

Investigating the Impact of the Covid-19 Crisis on the Discourse of Globalization and its Future

The main question of the present article is "How has Covid-19 affected the globalization discourse in the current crisis? And what will be the scenarios facing Corona and the globalization discourse?" The results of a future research method show that the discourse of globalization is hurting by the central sign of liberalism and by floating signs such as the free market and global trade before the Corona crisis. Corona's oversight has intensified, with states continuing to tighten their policies, such as blocking borders, controlling and restricting information and news, disregarding social justice and human rights, the spread of nationalism, authoritarianism and severe censorship. This practice gradually challenged the rest of the floating signs. Seems that there are five scenarios for the future of the globalization discourse, which are as follows: A) Favorable future: the return of globalization to the past and reunification between states. B) Probable future: 1. Reducing the speed of the globalization process and turning states to utilitarianism. 2. Reducing the speed of the globalization process, and temporarily shrink the international environment. C) Possible future: stopping the discourse of globalization, the failure of capitalist ideology and the emergence of new ideologies

Brak bezpieczeństwa na Bliskim Wschodzie: Dlaczego ruchy reformatorskie stale ponoszą porażkę? W kierunku nowych ram teoretycznych

Over the last three decades, the Middle East countries have frequently witnessed popular protests against the authoritarian regimes. The question is why these protests never come to a desirable end? Regardless of the role played by foreign actors in perpetuating the authoritarian regimes of the Middle East, it seems that what causes the protests not to be pervasive and the political infrastructures not to collapse is that the protests have not been supported by the people’s majority. The present article argues that such a dearth of support refers to a fundamental cause that we named the fear cycle. This cycle includes the masses’ fear of the regime, fear of the movement’s failure and its dire consequences, and fear of the political system that is supposed to come to power after the overthrow of the incumbent government. The governments have an important role in creating and perpetuating this fear and turning it into a panic.W ciągu ostatnich trzech dekad kraje Bliskiego Wschodu często były świadkami powszechnych protestów przeciwko reżimom autorytarnym. Pytanie brzmi, dlaczego te protesty nigdy nie przynoszą pożądanego rezultatu? Niezależnie od roli, jaką odgrywają podmioty zagraniczne w utrwalaniu autorytarnych reżimów na Bliskim Wschodzie, wydaje się, że tym, co powoduje, że protesty nie są wszechobecne, a infrastruktury polityczne nie upadają, jest fakt, że protesty nie zostały poparte przez większość narodu. W niniejszym artykule dowodzimy, że taki brak poparcia związany jest z fundamentalną przyczyną, którą nazwaliśmy cyklem strachu. Cykl ten obejmuje strach mas przed reżimem, strach przed porażką ruchu i jej strasznymi konsekwencjami oraz strach przed systemem politycznym, który ma dojść do władzy po obaleniu urzędującego rządu. Ważną rolę w tworzeniu i utrwalaniu tego strachu oraz przekształcaniu go w panikę pełnią rządy