Kaldus diski sündroom bitemporaalse hemianopsia põhjusena

Neurooftalmoloogi vastuvõtule suunati osalise bitemporaalse hemianopsiaga 32aastane naispatsient ajutuumori välistamiseks. Raske diagnoosi kahtlus oli patsiendile tekitanud märkimisväärset ärevust. Patsiendi oftalmoskoopilisel uurimisel leiti kaldus asetsusega nägemisnärvide diskid, silmapõhjade alumiste nasaalsete osade korioretinaalne atroofia ning silmapõhja veresoonte situs inversus – tunnused, mis on omased kaldus diski (ingl tilted disc) sündroomile. Kuigi selle arengulise eripära korral võib esineda bitemporaalset hemianopsiat, oli näidustatud patsiendi uurimine koljusiseste tumoroossete muutuste välistamiseks. Patsiendile tehtud magnetresonantstomograafilisel uuringul oli peaaju haigusliku leiuta, kuid ilmestusid asfäärilise kujuga silmamunad väljaulatuvate nasaalsete tagumiste osadega. Kaldus diski sündroom on silmapõhjade arenguline eripära, millega võib kaasneda bitemporaalne hemianopsia

The spinal mouse validity and reliability in measurement of thoracic and lumbar vertebral curvatures

زمینه و هدف: تحقیق حاضر برای بررسی میزان اعتبار این دستگاه در اندازه گیری زوایای کایفوز سینه ای و لوردوز کمری در مقایسه با عکس رادیوگرافی و همچنین تکرارپذیری درون و بین آزمونگر آن بود. روش بررسی: برای بررسی میزان اعتبار دستگاه اسپاینال موس در اندازه گیری زوایای کایفوز سینه ای و لوردوز کمری، تعداد 20 نفر از افراد مراجعه کننده به یکی از مراکز تصویربرداری پزشکی شهر تهران که قرار بود بر اساس تجویز پزشک متخص عکس رادیوگرافی کامل ستون فقرات از نمای نیمرخ تهیه کنند انتخاب شدند. معیارهای ورود و خروج آن ها بررسی شد و اندازه گیری ها با دو روش در یک روز و بدون فاصله انجام گردید، در نهایت زاویه ها در عکس رادیوگرافی به روش کوب و در اسپاینال موس با توجه به نتایج ثبت شده بر روی نمایشگر، با روش آماری همبستگی پیرسون مقایسه شدند. همچنین برای بررسی تکرارپذیری درون آزمونگر 30 نفر از دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه تهران به صورت تصادفی وارد تحقیق شدند تا در سه نوبت در سه روز متوالی اندازه گیری ها تکرار شود، همچنین برای تکرارپذیری بین آزمونگر 15 نفر از دانشجویان پسر دانشگاه تهران در دو نوبت با فاصله زمانی یک دقیقه توسط دو آزمونگر اندازه گیری شدند. در نهایت نتایج با روش همبستگی درونی بررسی قرار گرفت. یافته ها: دستگاه اسپاینال موس از اعتبارپذیری مطلوبی در مقایسه با رادیوگرافی در اندازه گیری زاویه کایفوز سینه ای (0/001=P، 0/81=r) و لوردوز کمری (0/001=P، 0/86=r) برخوردار است. همچنین تکرارپذیری درون و بین آزمونگر دستگاه اسپاینال موس نیز در اندازه گیری زوایای کایفوز سینه ای به ترتیب (0/92=ICC، 0/79ICC=) و لوردوز کمری (0/89ICC=، 0/87ICC=) مطلوب بود. نتیجه گیری: استفاده از دستگاه اسپاینال موس به عنوان یک وسیله غیرتهاجمی ایمن و جایگزینی مناسب برای عکس رادیوگرافی در اندازه گیری زوایای کایفوز سینه ای و لوردوز کمری توصیه می شود

Assessment of the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who referred to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 toward Islams hygienic instructions during their pregnancy and breast feeding periods

Background and aim: Pregnancy and infancy are as diving profits, which are of the most enjoyable times of women. Islams living doctrine recommends some adwises for pregnant women to have healthy generation with good physical, mental and social dimensions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of the pregnant women who referred to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2005 toward Islam’s hygienic instructions during their pregnancy and breast feeding period. Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, a total of 300 pregnant women were selected from parental care unite using multistage sampling. The data was gathered through self-reporting questionnaire which contained some questions about the individuals characteristics, attitude and awareness. Subsequently, using χ2, Pearson correlation and Spearman tests, data were analyzed. Results: The percentage of the knowledge about the Islams healthy instructions during pregnancy was graded: good 20.6%, average 64.7% and poor 14.7%. During breast-feeding, the knowledge was 6.3% good, 77% average and 16.7% poor. There was a positive relationship between the women’s level of education and their knowledge about Islamic trainings. The attitude of the women about the instructions during their pregnancy was positive in 68.3% and negative in 31.7% of them. This attitude during breast feeding was positive in 64% and negative in 36% of the women studied. There was relationship between the knowledge toward the instructions and the level of education during pregnancy and also between this knowledge and the number of pregnancy and the level of education (p<0.01). Conclusion: In addition to moderate knowledge and positive attitude of most of samples and undeniable religious force, on promoting health, recommended that health managers programmed to pregnant women care based on Islamic recommendations and health care workers have more attention in their education training

Strategies for enhancing nurses' clinical judgment in care for patients with chronic diseases: A grounded theory study in Iran

BACKGROUND: A varying background in situations of chronic diseases affects the selection of strategies in clinical judgments. This study explained the strategies used to enhance the clinical judgment in chronic diseases situations. METHODS: This article was the part of a grounded theory study. Obtained data from open and semi-structured interviews were analyzed simultaneously with data collection and according to the Corbin and Strauss approach. The first experienced nurse was selected with purposive sampling and 25 other participants were selected on the basis of the theoretical sampling from different wards of the clinical and educational care centers of Sanandaj, Iran from 2011 to 2013. RESULTS: As shown in results, the core variable “situation-based efforts for enhancing clinical judgment” represented the main process used by participants in the promotion of clinical judgment in situations of chronic disease. The main categories included a "comprehensive collaboration", "inclusive education", "matching of clinical judgment skills", "maintaining patient's and nurses' autonomy" in a clinical judgment. CONCLUSION: Participants were trying to use strategies appropriate to different situations for clinical judgment in terms of chronic diseases conditions. Applying these processes with regard to the present context, can enhance the clinical judgment in chronic diseases situations

A New Model for Automatic Text Classification

In this paper,a new method for automatic classification of texts is presented.This system includes two phases;text processing and text categorization.In the first phase,various indexing criteria such as bigram,trigram and quad-gram are presented to extract the properties.Then,in the second phase,the W-SMO machine learning algorithm is used to train the system.In order to evaluate and compare the results of the two criteria of accuracy and readability,Macro-F1 and Micro-F1 have been calculated for different indexing methods. The results of experiments performed on 7676 standard text documents of Reuters showed that the best performance is related to w-smo bigram criteria with accuracy of 95.17 micro and 79.86 macro.Also,the results indicated that our proposed method has the best performance compared to the W-j48,Naïve Bayes,K-NN and Decision Tree algorithms

O Posicionamento das Tropas Comandos no Exército

O presente trabalho encontra-se subordinado ao tema “O Posicionamento das Tropas Comandos no Exército”. O objectivo deste trabalho será poder concluir se os elementos pertencentes aosComandos assumem em si e consideram ter as qualidades e características que permitemàs Tropas Comandos projectar a imagem que realmente têm. A metodologia consiste na divisão do trabalho em duas grandes partes – PARTE I e PARTE II – onde a primeira diz respeito à parte teórica, com a respectiva revisão de literatura, e a segunda à parte prática, ao trabalho de campo e análise de dados, terminando com Conclusões e Recomendações. A investigação realizada permitiu concluir que os Comandos consideram o seu posicionamento elevado numa escala de valores estabelecida.Abstract The present work is submitted to the theme “The Positioning of the Portuguese Army Commandos” The objective of this work will be able to conclude whether the elements belonging to the Commandos are in themselves and believe they have the qualities and characteristics that allow troops to project the image that Commandos actually have. The methodology is to divide the work into two main parts - Part I and Part II - where the first on the theoretical part, with their review of literature, and the second part of practice, of fieldwork and analysis of data, ending with Conclusions and Recommendations. Research has concluded that the Commandos consider its position high on a scale of values established