Classification of red grapes according to their state of ripeness using a low-cost multispectral device

[ES] El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la idoneidad de un sensor multiespectral de bajo costo para la determinación del estado de maduración de uvas tintas. El dispositivo propuesto se basa en un sensor multiespectral, con 18 bandas de detección en el rango entre los 410 y los 940 nm. La recogida de muestras se llevó a cabo en un viñedo comercial situado en Rociana del Condado, Huelva. El dispositivo propuesto se utilizó para adquirir la respuesta espectral de 80 racimos de uva en condiciones de laboratorio. Tras esto, cada una de las muestras fue analizada mediante métodos estándar de laboratorio para obtener indicadores objetivos de su estado de maduración (sólidos solubles totales y acidez). Los 18 valores de reflectancia ofrecidos por el sensor fueron usados como datos de entrada para entrenar redes neuronales artificiales para la clasificación de las muestras de uva en función de los parámetros objetivo. Los resultados obtenidos fueron prometedores, lo cual allana el camino hacia la implementación de un sistema para la monitorización del estado de maduración de uvas asequible para los vinicultores.[EN] The present work aims to evaluate a low-cost multispectral device for non-destructive grape ripening status assessment. The proposed device is based on a multispectral sensor, with a spectral response of 18 channels in a range from 410 to 940 nm. The experimental validation was carried out in a commercial vineyard in Rociana del Condado, Huelva. The proposed device was used to analyze 80 grape samples under laboratory conditions. After being processed with the proposed device the grape samples were analyzed with standard chemical methods to generate ground truth values of ripening status indicators (solid soluble content, and acidity). The 18-reflectance data corresponding to the spectral channels of the employed sensor, were used as input variables for developing artificial neural network models to classify the berries samples based on the mentioned ripeness indicators. The obtained results were promising, which paves the way for the implementation of a portable grape ripening appraisal system affordable for grape growers

Energy management in residential hydrogen hybridised renewable microgrids. A multi-objective proposal based on fuzzy logic

[ES] Los sistemas de almacenamiento en microrredes basadas en fuentes de energía renovable (FER) son elementos imprescindibles para adecuar la producción a la demanda, de modo que el exceso de energía renovable presente en la red en periodos determinados, pueda ser almacenado y utilizado en situaciones de déficit de producción. Como es sabido, las FER tienen una producción no constante y no continua. Dada la naturaleza multi componente (elementos de producción y almacenamiento de características y dinámicas diferentes) de las microrredes renovables hibridadas con hidrógeno, resulta necesario implementar sistemas de gestión energética (SGE), los cuales son sistemas de control que persiguen obtener las mejores prestaciones de cada elemento para lograr de forma sinérgica un funcionamiento adecuado de la microrred. Este artículo propone, para una microrred renovable hibridada con hidrógeno de uso residencial, un SGE implementado mediante un controlador lógico borroso (CLB) multivariable y multietapa. Se trata de hacer frente a un problema multiobjetivo, con objeto de aumentar el rendimiento de la microrred en términos de eficiencia, costes operativos y vida útil de sus elementos. Para ello, se tendrá en cuenta el balance de potencia de la microrred, el rendimiento y la degradación de sus elementos, así como los costes/beneficios de la energía intercambiada con la red eléctrica principal. Los resultados obtenidos muestran un mejor rendimiento y mayor beneficio económico en comparación con SGE tradicionales basados en modelos o técnicas heurísticas.[EN] Storage systems in microgrids based on renewable energy sources (RES) are essential elements to match production to demand, so that excess renewable energy present in the grid at given periods can be stored and used in situations of production shortfalls. As is well known, RES have a non-constant and non-continuous production. Given the multi-component nature (production and storage elements with different characteristics and dynamics) of hydrogen-hybridised renewable microgrids, which are control systems that seek to obtain the best performance from each element in order to achieve synergistic operation of the microgrid. This article proposes, for a residential hydrogen-hybridised renewable microgrid, an EMS implemented by means of a multivariable and multistage fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The aim is to address a multi-objective problem in order to increase the performance of the microgrid in terms of efficiency, operational costs and lifespan of its elements. This will take into account the power balance of the microgrid, the performance and degradation of its elements, as well as the costs/benefits of the energy hanged with the main grid. The results obtained show a better performance and higher economic benefit compared to traditional EMSs based on models or heuristic techniques

Enfermos crónicos domiciliarios: valoración integral físico-cognitiva y caídas durante 3 años de seguimiento

ObjectiveTo assess the physical and cognitive capacity of chronically ill homebound patients, and the falls they suffered during three years of monitoring.DesignDescriptive, longitudinal study.Setting«Raval Nord» Health District, Barcelona.Patients and other participantsAll the 243 homebound chronic patients registered in the home care programme in May 1996 (67% women, average age 84).Measurements and main resultsAfter three years 16% had gone into an old people's home, 9% had moved house and 38% had died. The probability of not continuing in the programme after three years monitoring was related to less autonomy, presence of comorbidity, and worse cognitive capacity (p < 0.05). Of the 90 patients (37%) who remained active in May 1999, 41% showed disorders on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), with a significant relationship to greater age, less autonomy and the presence of comorbidity. Numerous alterations in analysis (21.6%) and linked illnesses (18.9%) were found in the patients with cognitive deterioration. 42% of the patients active in May'99 had fallen during the monitoring period. 10% of the falls involved fractures. The number of falls was higher when there was visual-auditory loss, consumption of psychiatric drugs or absence of use of orthopaedic aids. There was also a greater probability of falls in patients who only had a part-time carer (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIt is important to assess the autonomy, cognitive capacity and comorbidity of homebound chronic patients when monitoring them. Likewise, cognitive disorders and falls must be properly weighed, as they are common in this class of patient

Enfermos crónicos domiciliarios y consumo de psicofármacos

ObjetivoValorar el consumo de psicofármacos en los pacientes crónicos domiciliarios.DiseñoEstudio longitudinal, descriptivo.EmplazamientoÁrea Básica de Salud Raval Nord de Barcelona.Pacientes u otros participantesTodos los 243 enfermos crónicos domiciliarios registrados en el programa de atención domiciliaria en mayo de 1996. A los 3 años un 16% ha ingresado en una residencia, un 9% se ha trasladado de domicilio, un 38% ha fallecido y un 37% permanecía activo.Mediciones y resultados principalesDe los 90 pacientes que seguían activos, un 40% había consumido algún psicofármaco en mayo de 1999. El 8% de los pacientes que refirió consumir psicofármacos lo hacía por automedicación. El grupo farmacológico más consumido entre los psicofármacos era las benzodiazepinas, en un 64%. El consumo de psicofármacos fue superior en el sexo femenino (45%) y en las personas que vivían solas o en estado de viudedad (50%). El porcentaje de pacientes con consumo de psicofármacos fue superior cuando había peor grado de autonomía según el índice de Katz (67%), déficit cognitivo en el Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) de Pfeiffer (62%) y ante la presencia de comorbilidad (56%) (p < 0,01).ConclusionesExiste un elevado consumo de psicofármacos en los pacientes crónicos domiciliarios, especialmente cuando hay deterioro físico-cognitivo y presencia de comorbilidad.ObjectiveTo assess the consumption of psychiatric drugs by chronic homebound patients.DesignDescriptive, longitudinal study.SettingRaval Nord Health District, Barcelona.Patients and other participantsAll 243 chronically ill homebound patients registered on the home care programme in May 1996. After three years 16% had gone into a home, 9% had moved residence, 38% had died, and 37% remained active.Measurements and main resultsOf the 90 patients still active, 40% took some psychiatric drug in May 1999. 8% of the patients who said they had taken psychiatric drugs did so by self-medication. The most commonly consumed pharmocological group of the psychiatric drugs were benzodiazepines at 64%. Women took more psychiatric drugs (45%), as did persons living alone or who had been bereaved (50%). The proportion of patients taking psychiatric drugs was greater when there was worse autonomy according to the Katz index (67%), a cognitive deficit on the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) of Pfeiffer (62%), and in the presence of comorbidity (56%) (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThere is high consumption of psychiatric drugs by chronic homebound patients, especially when there is physical-cognitive deterioration and presence of comorbidity

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients